Radiation from a charge drifting along a cylindrical channel

Author(s):  
Vladimir Epp ◽  
Julia Janz
Keyword(s):  
2002 ◽  
Vol 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ichikawa ◽  
T. Akita ◽  
M. Okumura ◽  
M. Haruta ◽  
K. Tanaka

AbstractThe catalytic properties of nanostructured gold catalyst are known to depend on the size of the gold particles and to be activated when the size decreases to a few nanometers. We investigated the size dependence of the three-dimensional nanostructure on the mean inner potential of gold catalysts supported on titanium oxide using electron holography and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The contact angle of the gold particles on the titanium oxide tended to be over 90° for gold particles with a size of over 5 nm, and below 90° for a size of below 2 nm. This decreasing change in the contact angle (morphology) acts to increase the perimeter and hence the area of the interface between the gold and titanium oxide support, which is considered to be an active site for CO oxidation. The mean inner potential of the gold particles also changed as their size decreased. The value of the inner potential of gold, which is approximately 25 V in bulk state, rose to over 40 V when the size of the gold particles was less than 2 nm. This phenomenon indicates the existence of a charge transfer at the interface between gold and titanium oxide. The 3-D structure change and the inner potential change should be attributed to the specific electronic structure at the interface, owing to both the “nano size effect” and the “hetero-interface effect.”


Author(s):  
Badal Dev Roy ◽  
R. Saravanan

The Turbocharger is a charge booster for internal combustion engines to ensure best engine performance at all speeds and road conditions especially at the higher load.  Random selection of turbocharger may lead to negative effects like surge and choke in the breathing of the engine. Appropriate selection or match of the turbocharger (Turbomatching) is a tedious task and expensive. But perfect match gives many distinguished advantages and it is a one time task per the engine kind. This study focuses to match the turbocharger to desired engine by simulation and on road test. The objective of work is to find the appropriateness of matching of turbochargers with trim 67 (B60J67), trim 68 (B60J68),  trim 70 (A58N70) and trim 72 (A58N72) for the TATA 497 TCIC -BS III engine. In the road-test (data-logger method) the road routes like highway and slope up were considered for evaluation. The operating conditions with respect various speeds, routes and simulated outputs were compared with the help of compressor map.


Author(s):  
Hui Pan ◽  
Thomas Gibson

Abstract In recent years, there have been many advances in the equipment and techniques used to isolate faults. There are many options available to the failure analyst. The available techniques fall into the categories of electrical, photonic, thermal and electron/ion beam [1]. Each technique has its advantages and its limitations. In this paper, we introduce a case of successful failure analysis using a combination of several fault localization techniques on a 0.15um CMOS device with seven layers of metal. It includes electrical failure mode characterization, front side photoemission, backside photoemission, Focused Ion Beam (FIB), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and liquid crystal. Electrical characterization along with backside photoemission proved most useful in this case as a poly short problem was found to be causing a charge pump failure. A specific type of layout, often referred to as a hammerhead layout, and the use of Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) contributed to the poly level shorts.


2019 ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Matthieu Houser
Keyword(s):  

Les dispositifs de péréquation des budgets départementaux et leurs critères se sont accumulés sans parvenir à corriger les inégalités devant le reste à charge des allocations individuelles de solidarité qui pèse sur les budgets départementaux. La péréquation verticale, insuffisante, a été complétée par des fonds de solidarité et de soutien. Une remise à plat ou, au minimum, une mise en perspective s’imposent.


2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Y.-H. Lee ◽  
H.-K. Lee ◽  
C.-H. Chang ◽  
W.-H. Kim

A bio-monitoring system for toxicants in water has been developed and verified for actual applications. This system is based on the motionality of five Acheilognathus lanceolata, a fish known to be very sensitive to toxic substances, moving around in an aquarium. Their movements are continuously monitored with a charge coupled device (CCD) camera and analyzed to find and quantify any abnormal behavior in their motional characteristics in comparison with the pre-acquired data. That is, the images of fish captured by a CCD camera are digitalized to identify the location of fish in a constant time interval and the locations of each fish were then analyzed mathematically with a personal computer using the equations proposed to determine the motional characteristics such as floatness, fledness and mobility(agility). These data are then converted by means of fuzzy estimation to an index value, defined as the contamination index (CI), by which the system provides the information about the overall toxic strength of the toxicant in the water flowing into the aquarium. If the fish are exposed to toxicant(s), the CI value will be proportional to the strength of its toxicity. The pilot test was performed in a water treatment plant for six months in order to verify the reproducibility of the system over the unstable conditions such as highly turbid water after rainfall as well as in normal conditions. The test results revealed that this monitoring system has good reproducibility and sensitivity, proving our approach, described in this paper, is reliable. As a result, this approach seems to enable us to make a quick and easy detection of toxic substances contained in water, therefore, this system can be applied to a source of water supply as a toxicant watching system.


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