1D and 3D inversion of VES data to outline a fresh water zone floating over saline water body at the northwestern coast of Egypt

The continuity of traditional planting systems in the last few decades has encountered its most significant challenge in the harsh changes in the global climate, leading to frustration in the plant growth and productivity, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions cultivated with moderate or sensitive crops to abiotic stresses. Faba bean, like most legume crops, is considered a moderately sensitive crop to saline soil and/or saline water. In this connection, a field experiment was conducted during the successive winter seasons 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 in a salt-affected soil to explore the combined effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and potassium (K) silicate on maintaining the soil quality, performance, and productivity of faba bean plants irrigated with either fresh water or saline water. Our findings indicated that the coupled use of PGPR and K silicate under the saline water irrigation treatment had the capability to reduce the levels of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in the soil and to promote the activity of some soil enzymes (urease and dehydrogenase), which recorded nearly non-significant differences compared with fresh water (control) treatment, leading to reinstating the soil quality. Consequently, under salinity stress, the combined application motivated the faba bean vegetative growth, e.g., root length and nodulation, which reinstated the K+/Na+ ions homeostasis, leading to the lessening or equalizing of the activity level of enzymatic antioxidants (CAT, POD, and SOD) compared with the controls of both saline water and fresh water treatments, respectively. Although the irrigation with saline water significantly increased the osmolytes concentration (free amino acids and proline) in faba bean plants compared with fresh water treatment, application of PGPR or K-silicate notably reduced the osmolyte levels below the control treatment, either under stress or non-stress conditions. On the contrary, the concentrations of soluble assimilates (total soluble proteins and total soluble sugars) recorded pronounced increases under tested treatments, which enriched the plant growth, the nutrients (N, P, and K) uptake and translocation to the sink organs, which lastly improved the yield attributes (number of pods plant−1, number of seeds pod−1, 100-seed weight). It was concluded that the combined application of PGPR and K-silicate is considered a profitable strategy that is able to alleviate the harmful impact of salt stress alongside increasing plant growth and productivity.

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Resistance of bacteria isolated from leachate to heavy metals and the removal of Hg by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain FZ-2 at different salinity levels in a batch biosorption system

Sustainable Environment Research ◽

10.1186/s42834-021-00088-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Fauzul Imron ◽

Setyo Budi Kurniawan ◽

Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Landfill Leachate ◽

Saline Water ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Sanitary Landfill ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Sanitary Landfill Leachate

AbstractLeachate is produced from sanitary landfills containing various pollutants, including heavy metals. This study aimed to determine the resistance of bacteria isolated from non-active sanitary landfill leachate to various heavy metals and the effect of salinity levels on the removal of Hg by the isolated bacterium. Four dominant bacteria from approximately 33 × 1017 colony-forming units per mL identified as Vibrio damsela, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas stutzeri, and Pseudomonas fluorescens were isolated from non-active sanitary landfill leachate. Heavy metal resistance test was conducted for Hg, Cd, Pb, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu (0–20 mg L− 1). The removal of the most toxic heavy metals by the most resistant bacteria was also determined at different salinity levels, i.e., fresh water (0‰), marginal water (10‰), brackish water (20‰), and saline water (30‰). Results showed that the growth of these bacteria is promoted by Fe, Mn, and Cu, but inhibited by Hg, Cd, Pb, Mg, and Zn. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all the bacteria in Fe, Mn, and Cu was > 20 mg L− 1. The MIC of V. damsela was 5 mg L− 1 for Hg and > 20 mg L− 1 for Cd, Pb, Mg, and Zn. For P. aeruginosa, MIC was > 20 mg L− 1 for Cd, Pb, Mg, and Zn and 10 mg L− 1 for Hg. Meanwhile, the MIC of P. stutzeri was > 20 mg L− 1 for Pb, Mg, and Zn and 5 mg L− 1 for Hg and Cd. The MIC of P. fluorescens for Hg, Pb, Mg, and Zn was 5, 5, 15, and 20 mg L− 1, respectively, and that for Cd was > 20 mg L− 1. From the MIC results, Hg is the most toxic heavy metal. In marginal water (10‰), P. aeruginosa FZ-2 removed up to 99.7% Hg compared with that in fresh water (0‰), where it removed only 54% for 72 h. Hence, P. aeruginosa FZ-2 is the most resistant to heavy metals, and saline condition exerts a positive effect on bacteria in removing Hg.

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Brief pre- and post-irrigation sprinkling with fresh water reduces foliar salt uptake in maize and barley sprinkler irrigated with saline water

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/bf00015414 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 180 (1) ◽

pp. 87-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

S. E. Benes ◽

R. Arag��s ◽

R. B. Austin ◽

S. R. Grattan

Keyword(s):

Fresh Water ◽

Saline Water ◽

Salt Uptake

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The Minimum Separation Work for Desalination Processes

10.1115/imece1999-0867 ◽

1999 ◽

Author(s):

Yunus Çerçi ◽

Yunus A. Çengel ◽

Byard Wood

Keyword(s):

Fresh Water ◽

Saline Water ◽

General Relation ◽

Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽

Recovery Ratio ◽

Strong Function ◽

Work Input ◽

Desalination Plants ◽

Minimum Work ◽

Optimum Recovery

Abstract A general relation is obtained for the minimum work input requirement for desalination processes using the second-law of thermodynamics. The relation developed can be used to determine the minimum work input for any salinity of the incoming water, and the recovery ratio. It is also shown that there is a lower and an upper limit for the minimum work, corresponding to recovery ratios of 0% and 100%, respectively. The minimum work input per unit mass of fresh water produced is determined for various salinities of incoming water, and the salinities of fresh water produced, and the results are tabulated and plotted. It is shown that the minimum work is a strong function of salinity, and increases with salinity and the recovery ratio. It is also shown that the minimum work input requirement remains fairly constant for recovery ratios of up to about 80%; the minimum work increases drastically at high recovery ratios; and an optimum value of recovery ratio exists to minimize the power consumption of actual desalination plants. But the value of this optimum recovery ratio decreases with increasing salinity of the incoming saline water. The results presented in this paper can be used as a basis to evaluate the performance of actual desalination plants.

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Delimiting a saline water zone in Quaternary fluvial–alluvial deposits using transient electromagnetic: a case study in Punata, Bolivia

Environmental Earth Sciences ◽

10.1007/s12665-017-7213-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Andres Gonzales Amaya ◽

Joakim Mårdh ◽

Torleif Dahlin

Keyword(s):

Saline Water ◽

Alluvial Deposits ◽

Transient Electromagnetic ◽

Water Zone

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The glomerulus of a stenohaline fresh-water teleost, Carassius auratus gibelio, adapted to saline water

Cell and Tissue Research ◽

10.1007/bf00209967 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 220 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Marlies Elger ◽

Hartmut Hentschel

Keyword(s):

Fresh Water ◽

Carassius Auratus ◽

Saline Water ◽

Carassius Auratus Gibelio ◽

Fresh Water Teleost

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Saline Irrigation Water Retards Growth of Amaranthus in Coastal Kenya

NASS Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.36956/njas.v3i2.359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ogalo Baka Oluoch ◽

Esther Mwende Muindi ◽

Elisha Otieno Gogo

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Saline Water ◽

Coastal Region ◽

Root Weight ◽

Root Volume ◽

Saline Irrigation ◽

Coastal Kenya ◽

Emergence Rate

Salinity is a major biotic factor that negatively affects growth and yield of crops. Over 90% of the coastal region of Kenya is arid and semi-arid, most farmers in the region use borehole irrigation water which is saline. Amaranthus spp. is one of the main vegetables grown in coastal region. There is limited information regarding the effect of salinity on amaranthus production. The study sought to determine the effect of saline irrigation water on amaranthus growth in coastal Kenya. Two experiments were set up, one at Mivumoni Secondary School farm in Kwale County and another at Pwani University farm in Kilifi County from beginning of September 2019 to the end of January, 2020. The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The six treatments tested were: fresh water alone, 75% saline water alone, 100% saline water alone, fresh water + DAP, 75% saline water + DAP, 100% saline water + DAP. Crop growth data collected were: emergence rate, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, chlorophyll content, stem thickness, root density, root weight, root volume and total plant biomass. Data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance using SAS statistical package (SAS, Version 10) and treatment effects were tested for significance using F-test. Significant means at F-test was ranked using Tukey’s test at 5% level of significance. Amaranthus seeds sown in fresh water had higher emergence rate compared to seeds sown in saline water. Salinity regardless of concentration used and application of DAP, resulted in decrease in height, leaf number, leaf area, stem tickness, chlorophyll content, root length, root weight, root volume and total biomass. The study demonstrates that saline irrigation water in coastal Kenya has a negative effect on Amaranthus growth.

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Study of the Adhesion Mechanism of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to Pyrite in Fresh and Saline Water

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min9050306 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 306 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francisca San Martín ◽

Claudio Aguilar

Keyword(s):

Fresh Water ◽

Electrostatic Interactions ◽

Saline Water ◽

Streaming Potential ◽

Bacterial Attachment ◽

Van Der Waals Interactions ◽

Streaming Potentials ◽

Ph Values ◽

Na Ions ◽

Kinetics Of

In the present work, the streaming potential of A. ferrooxidans and pyrite was measured in two environments: fresh and saline water (water with 35 g/L of NaCl) at different pH values. Also, attachment kinetics of A. ferrooxidans to pyrite was studied in fresh and saline water at pH 4. The results show that A. ferrooxidans and pyrite had lower streaming potentials (comparing absolute values) in saline water than in fresh water, indicating the compression in the electrical double layer caused by Cl− and Na+ ions. It was also determined that the bacteria had a higher level of attachment to pyrite in fresh water than in saline water. The high ionic strength of saline water reduced the attractive force between A. ferrooxidans and pyrite, which in turn reduced bacterial attachment. Electrostatic interactions were determined to be mainly repulsive, since the bacteria and mineral had the same charge at pH 4. Despite this, the bacteria adhered to pyrite, indicating that hydrophobic attraction forces and Lifshitz–van der Waals interactions were stronger than electrostatic interactions, which caused the adhesion of A. ferrooxidans to pyrite.

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Bratislavia dadayi (Michaelsen 1905) (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae): discovery of an alien oligochaete in a technogenic fresh water body in Ukraine

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4711.2.7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4711 (2) ◽

pp. 349-365

Author(s):

VLADIMIR A. GUSAKOV ◽

ANZHELIKA A. SYLAIEVA

Keyword(s):

Power Plant ◽

Nuclear Power Plant ◽

Fresh Water ◽

Water Body ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Potential Distribution ◽

Cooling System ◽

European Continent ◽

Previous Record ◽

Sexually Mature

A non-native oligochaete, Bratislavia dadayi (Michaelsen 1905), is recorded from a water body of the cooling system of the Khmelnitsky Nuclear Power Plant (Ukraine). This is the first registration of this species in the central part of the European continent, far from sea and river navigable waterways. The only previous record of B. dadayi in Europe had been from a Belgian estuary. The occurrence in samples taken over several years, and the presence of sexually mature individuals in the Ukrainian population indicate the worm’s successful naturalization in the new habitat. In this paper, we analyze the species’ morphology and abundance in the Ukrainian population and discuss its ecology, current and potential distribution.

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