Saliva renal function biomarkers as alternatives to plasma concentrations in obesity-induced kidney injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 100195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Eseigbe Imafidon ◽  
Rufus Ojo Akomolafe ◽  
Oluwamayowa Gracious Oke
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Kidney Injury

scholarly journals Polyphenol-rich extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves prevented toxic effects of cyclophosphamide on the kidney function of Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quadri K. Alabi ◽  
Rufus O. Akomolafe ◽  
Joseph G. Omole ◽  
Ayodeji Aturamu ◽  
Mokolade S. Ige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Urine Albumin ◽  
Aldosterone Production

Abstract Background Cyclophosphamide (CP) is one of the potent and low cost chemotherapy used in clinical setting against a variety of tumors. However, its association with nephrotoxicity limits its therapeutic use. Ocimum gratissimum leaf is a medicinal plant with numerous pharmacological and therapeutic efficacies, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptotic properties. Methods The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) against CP-induced kidney dysfunction in rats. Rats were pre-treated with 400 mg/kg b.w. of leave extract of Ocimum gratissimum (Ocimum G.) for 4 days and then 50 mg/kg b.w. of CP was co-administered from day 5 to day 7 along with Ocimum G. Markers of renal function and oxidative stress, food and water intake, electrolytes, aldosterone, leukocytes infiltration, inflammation and histopathological alteration were evaluated. Results Obvious renal inflammation and kidney injuries were observed in CP treated groups. However, administration of leave extract of Ocimum G. prevented oxidative stress, kidney injuries, attenuated inflammation, increased aldosterone production and reduced sodium ion and water loss in rats. The plasma creatinine, urea and urine albumin concentration were normalized after the administration of Ocimum G. extract in rats treated with CP. Ocimum G. also decreased the plasma concentrations of Interleukin-(IL)-6, C-reactive protein and activity of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde in CP treated rats. Conclusion Ocimum G. prevented kidney injury and enhanced renal function via inhibiting inflammation and oxidant-induced CP toxicity. The efficacy of Ocimum G. is related to the presence of various phytochemicals in the plant.

The effect of renal failure on drug handling in critical illness

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrna Y. Munar ◽  
Ali J. Olyaei
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Impaired Renal Function ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Diagnostic Agents ◽  
Developing Kidney ◽  
Drug Handling

The kidneys play an important role in the elimination of many drugs. In chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury several pharmacokinetic processes are altered. Thus, patients with impaired renal function require adjustment of medication dosing. Many drugs require a loading dose to rapidly achieve therapeutic plasma concentrations. Subsequently, the dose or dosing interval may have to be adjusted as appropriate for the degree for renal function. The most common method to estimate renal function is use of the Cockcroft–Gault (CG) equation. It has been well validated, is easy to remember, and is fairly accurate in estimating kidney function. Most drugs are dosed based on the patient’s weight (mg/kg), which makes the CG method easier to use for most estimates. Other methods are available and a patient’s renal function should always be estimated based on the best available evidence for that specific patient. Patients with chronic kidney disease are at great risk of developing kidney injury from drugs or diagnostic agents. Exposure to nephrotoxins should be avoided as much as possible.

scholarly journals Polyphenol-rich extract of Ocimum gratissimum leaves Prevented Toxic Effects of Cyclophosphamide on the kidney Function of Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quadri K. Alabi ◽  
Rufus O. Akomolafe ◽  
Joseph G. Akomolafe ◽  
Ayodeji Aturamu ◽  
Mokolade S. Ige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Aldosterone Production ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Background Cyclophosphamide (CP) is one of the potent and low cost chemotherapy used in clinical setting against a variety of tumors. However, its association with nephrotoxicity limits its therapeutic use. Ocimum gratissimum leaf is a natural plant with numerous pharmacological and therapeutic efficacies, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptotic properties.Methods The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Ocimum gratissimum (OG) against CP-induced kidney dysfunction in rats. Rats were pre-treated with 400 mg/kg b.w. of polyphenol-rich Ocimum gratissimum leaves (PREOG) for 4 days and then 50 mg/kg b.w. of CP was co-administered from day 5 to day 7 along with PREOG. Markers of renal function and oxidative stress, food and water intake, electrolytes, aldosterone, leukocytes infiltration, inflammation and histopathological alteration were evaluated.Results Obvious renal inflammation and kidney injuries were observed in CP treated groups. PREOG administration prevented oxidative stress, kidney injuries, attenuated inflammation, increased aldosterone production and reduced sodium and water loss in rats. PREOG also decreased the plasma concentrations of Interleukin-(IL)-6, C-reactive protein and activity of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde in CP treated rats.Conclusion OG prevented kidney injury and enhanced renal function via inhibiting inflammation and oxidant-induced CP toxicity. The efficacy of OG is related to the presence of various phytochemicals in the plant.

Renoprotective Effects of Artesunate against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassim I Mohammed ◽  
Najah R Hadi ◽  
Jabber Huda ◽  
Galal Elkilany ◽  
RB Singh
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Ischemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Concentrations

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (Renal I/R) leads to acute kidney injury (AKI),a major kidney disease associated with an increasing prevalence and high mortality rates. A variety of experimental models,both in vitro and in vivo,have been used to study the pathogenic mechanisms of ischemic AKI and to test reno-protective strategies. Aim: To study potential protective effects of artesunate on renal I/R injury. Renal I/R injury was unilaterally induced in adult (3 to 5 months) male Sprague-Dawely rats,whose weights ranged from 180 to 390 g. Thereafter,the animals were pre-treated with artesunate intra-peritoneally,and at the end of reperfusion sacrificed humanely. Plasma,serum and tissue samples were obtained for analysis. Plasma concentrations of NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin),an iron-trafficking protein involved in multiple processes such as apoptosis,innate immunity and renal development,and tissue concentrations of IL-18 (Interleukin-18) were measured via ELISA analysis. Serum urea and creatinine were also measured in the samples. Artesunate improved renal ischemia reperfusion,including renal function and brought about reductions in inflammatory mediators and kidney tissue injury. Plasma concentrations of NGAL and tissue concentrations of IL-18 were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the artesunatepretreated group than in the vehicle and control groups. Furthermore,serum concentrations of urea and creatinine were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the pretreated group as compared to the control group. Artesunate can significantly improve renal function following I/R through down-regulation of inflammatory parameters and NGAL expression. Furthermore,it could serve as a potential therapy in ischemia reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury.

Plasma D Dimer: A Useful Marker of Fibrin Breakdown in Renal Failure

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (03) ◽  
pp. 522-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
M P Gordge ◽  
R W Faint ◽  
P B Rylance ◽  
H Ireland ◽  
D A Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
D Dimer

SummaryD dimer and other large fragments produced during the breakdown of crosslinked fibrin may be measured by enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies. In 91 patients with renal disease and varying degrees of renal dysfunction, plasma D dimer showed no correlation with renal function, whereas FgE antigen, a fibrinogen derivative which is known to be cleared in part by the kidney, showed a significant negative correlation with creatinine clearance. Plasma concentrations of D dimer were, however, increased in patients with chronic renal failure (244 ± 3l ng/ml) (mean ± SEM) and diabetic nephropathy (308 ± 74 ng/ml), when compared with healthy controls (96 ± 13 ng/ml), and grossly elevated in patients with acute renal failure (2,451 ± 1,007 ng/ml). The results indicate an increase in fibrin formation and lysis, and not simply reduced elimination of D dimer by the kidneys, and are further evidence of activated coagulation in renal disease. D dimer appears to be a useful marker of fibrin breakdown in renal failure.

scholarly journals Lupus cystitis: unusual cause of renal failure in systemic lupus erythematosus

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e233446
Author(s):  
Kevin John ◽  
Krupa Varughese ◽  
Ranil Johann Boaz ◽  
Tarun George
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Uncommon Presentation ◽  
Acute Dyspnoea ◽  
Chronic Fever

A 42-year-old woman presented with chronic fever, abdominal pain, intermittent loose stools and dysuria for 3 months. She had recently developed acute dyspnoea with acute kidney injury. She was found to have a contracted, thick-walled bladder with bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. She underwent bilateral percutaneous nephrostomies, following which her renal function recovered. She satisfied the clinical and immunological features of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). She was initiated on immunosuppression. Lupus cystitis with a contracted bladder is an uncommon presentation of SLE.

scholarly journals Contrast Associated Acute Kidney Injury and Mortality in Older Adults with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Pooled Analysis of the FRASER and HULK Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2151
Author(s):  
Rita Pavasini ◽  
Matteo Tebaldi ◽  
Giulia Bugani ◽  
Elisabetta Tonet ◽  
Roberta Campana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Short Term Mortality

Whether contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is only a bystander or a risk factor for mortality in older patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is not well understood. Data from FRASER (NCT02386124) and HULK (NCT03021044) studies have been analysed. All patients enrolled underwent coronary angiography. The occurrence of CA-AKI was defined based on KDIGO criteria. The primary outcome of the study was to test the relation between CA-AKI and 3-month mortality. Overall, 870 older ACS adults were included in the analysis (mean age 78 ± 5 years; 28% females). CA-AKI occurred in 136 (16%) patients. At 3 months, 13 (9.6%) patients with CA-AKI died as compared with 13 (1.8%) without it (p < 0.001). At multivariable analysis, CA-AKI emerged as independent predictor of 3-month mortality (HR 3.51, 95%CI 1.05–7.01). After 3 months, renal function returned to the baseline value in 78 (63%) with CA-AKI. Those without recovered renal function (n = 45, 37%) showed an increased risk of mortality as compared to recovered renal function and no CA-AKI subgroups (HR 2.01, 95%CI 1.55–2.59, p = 0.009 and HR 2.71, 95%CI 1.45–5.89, p < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, CA-AKI occurs in a not negligible portion of older MI patients undergoing invasive strategy and it is associated with short-term mortality.

scholarly journals Assessment of Kidney Function After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205435812110180
Author(s):  
Orit Kliuk-Ben Bassat ◽  
Sapir Sadon ◽  
Svetlana Sirota ◽  
Arie Steinvil ◽  
Maayan Konigstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Center Study

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), although associated with an increased risk for acute kidney injury (AKI), may also result in improvement in renal function. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the magnitude of kidney function improvement (KFI) after TAVR and to assess its significance on long-term mortality. Design: This is a prospective single center study. Setting: The study was conducted in cardiology department, interventional unit, in a tertiary hospital. Patients: The cohort included 1321 patients who underwent TAVR. Measurements: Serum creatinine level was measured at baseline, before the procedure, and over the next 7 days or until discharge. Methods: Kidney function improvement was defined as the mirror image of AKI, a reduction in pre-procedural to post-procedural minimal creatinine of more than 0.3 mg/dL, or a ratio of post-procedural minimal creatinine to pre-procedural creatinine of less than 0.66, up to 7 days after the procedure. Patients were categorized and compared for clinical endpoints according to post-procedural renal function change into 3 groups: KFI, AKI, or preserved kidney function (PKF). The primary endpoint was long-term all-cause mortality. Results: The incidence of KFI was 5%. In 55 out of 66 patients patients, the improvement in kidney function was minor and of unclear clinical significance. Acute kidney injury occurred in 19.1%. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was a predictor of KFI after multivariable analysis (odds ratio = 0.93 to develop KFI; confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.91-0.95, P < .001). Patients in the KFI group had a higher Society of Thoracic Surgery (STS) score than other groups. Mortality rate did not differ between KFI group and PKF group (43.9% in KFI group and 33.8% in PKF group) but was significantly higher in the AKI group (60.7%, P < .001). Limitations: The following are the limitations: heterozygous definitions of KFI within different studies and a single center study. Although data were collected prospectively, analysis plan was defined after data collection. Conclusions: Improvement in kidney function following TAVR was not a common phenomenon in our cohort and did not reduce overall mortality rate.

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