Serum lncRNAs in early pregnancy as potential biomarkers for the prediction of pregnancy-induced hypertension, including preeclampsia

Context: Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are associated with a wide range of maternal and fetal complications, and only a few risk factors are known for the development of these disorders during pregnancy. Conflicting and limited data are available on the relationship between thyroid (dys)function and the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Objective: The objective of the investigation was to study the associations between early-pregnancy thyroid dysfunction, thyroid function within the normal range, and the risk of hypertensive disorders. Design, Setting, and Participants: In early pregnancy, serum TSH, free T4 (FT4), and thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels were determined in 5153 pregnant women. No interventions were done. The associations of thyroid function with the risk of hypertensive disorders were studied. Main Outcome Measures: Mean blood pressures and hypertensive disorders, including pregnancy-induced hypertension (n = 209) and preeclampsia (n = 136), were measured. Results: Hyperthyroid mothers had a higher risk of hypertensive disorders [odds ratio (OR) 3.40 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46–7.91], P = .005], which was mainly due to an increased risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension [OR 4.18 (95% CI 1.57–11.1), P = .004]. Hypothyroidism and hypothyroxinemia were not associated with hypertensive disorders. Within the normal range, the high-normal FT4 levels were associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders [OR 1.62 (95% CI 1.06–2.47), P = .03], which was mainly due to an increased risk of preeclampsia [OR 2.06 (95% CI 1.04–4.08), P = .04]. The TPOAb status was not associated with hypertensive disorders. Conclusions: We show that biochemical hyperthyroidism and also high-normal FT4 levels during early pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of hypertensive disorders. These data demonstrate that these associations are even seen for a mild variation in thyroid function within the normal range.

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First Trimester Serum Copper or Zinc Levels, and Risk of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11102479 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2479 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Małgorzata Lewandowska ◽

Stefan Sajdak ◽

Wojciech Marciniak ◽

Jan Lubiński

Keyword(s):

Early Pregnancy ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽

First Trimester ◽

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽

Odds Ratios ◽

Oxidative Balance ◽

Induced Hypertension ◽

Zinc Levels

Early identification of women at risk of developing pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is very important. The involvement of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the oxidative balance suggests the possibility of their association with this disease, in which oxidative stress plays a key role. However, it has not been established so far whether the microelement levels in early pregnancy may be risk markers of the disease, as prospective studies are limited in number. In our innovative single-center study, we identified from a prospective cohort of healthy women in the 10–14th week of a single pregnancy: women subsequently developing pregnancy-induced hypertension (n = 121) and matched women remaining normotensive (n = 363). We measured the concentrations of microelements in the serum from 10–14 week, using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The odds ratios of the disease (and 95% confidence intervals) were assessed in logistic regression. In the whole cohort, the odds ratio (OR) of PIH was 1.52 (p = 0.174) for women in the lowest (Q1) quartile of Cu (≤1540.58 µg/L) compared with women in the highest (Q4) quartile (>1937.46 µg/L), but adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was 2.17 (p = 0.019) after adjusted for pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational age at recruitment. The higher levels of Cu in the subgroup of BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 compared to normal BMI were found (1847.64 vs. 1673.36 µg/L; p < 0.0001). In the subgroup of women with the normal pre-pregnancy BMI, the adjusted odds ratio of PIH was AOR = 2.95 (p = 0.040) for Q1 vs. Q4 quartile. Our results suggest that lower Cu levels in early pregnancy may be connected with higher risk of PIH, but BMI affected estimated odds ratios. Zinc levels had no effect on the risk.

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