Effects of Genioglossal Muscle Advancement on Speech: An Acoustic Study of Vowel Sounds

2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimmo Vähätalo ◽  
Juha-Pertti Laaksonen ◽  
Henna Tamminen ◽  
Olli Aaltonen ◽  
Risto-Pekka Happonen
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Vowel Quality ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Acoustic Study ◽  
Partial Upper Airway Obstruction

OBJECTIVE: The effects of the genioglossal muscle advancement on phonetic quality of speech were studied analyzing the acoustic features of vowel sounds. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: The study group consisted of 5 men suffering from partial upper airway obstruction during sleep. To prevent tongue base collapse, genioglossal muscle advancement was made with chin osteotomy without hyoid myotomy and suspension. The speech material consisted of 8 vowels produced in sentence context repeated 10 times before the operation, and 10 days and 6 weeks after the operation. The acoustic features of vowels were analyzed. RESULTS: The operation had no significant effects on vowel quality. Only for 2 of the subjects the pitches changed systematically due to the operation. CONCLUSION: According to the acoustic analysis, genioglossal muscle advancement with chin osteotomy has no effects on vowel production. Some short-term changes were observed, but these changes were highly individual. SIGNIFICANCE: The operation seems to have no potential to change vowel production.

scholarly journals Assessment of the outcomes of the treatment of patients with suppurative necrotic complications of diabetic foot syndrome with the use of programmed rehabilitation technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 177 (6) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Glukhov ◽  
V. V. Sergeev ◽  
G. A. Semyonova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Foot ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Diabetic Foot Syndrome ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Critical Ischemia

Objective.To assess the outcomes of the treatment of patients with suppurative necrotic complications of diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) without critical ischemia with the use of programmed rehabilitation technologies (PRT).Materialand methods.The study included 82 patients. 40 patients (reference group) underwent conventional rehabilitation, while 42 patients (study group) were treated with PRT with the use of the original equipment AMP-01.Results.Use of PRT has been established to significantly improve the quality of rehabilitation, which helps to reduce the duration of inpatient treatment. The number of suppurative complications in the study group proved to be significantly less (p=0.014), and postoperative mortality was lower. The long-term outcomes of the treatment (number of late suppurative complications, ischemia progression, maintenance of foot support ability) in the study group was also found to be significantly better compared to the reference group.Conclusion.The use of PST promotes the improvement of short-term and long-term outcomes of the treatment of the patients with DFS suppurative necrotic complications.

Vowel Production in Winnipeg

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 127-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hagiwara
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
American English ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Canadian English ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Acoustic Study ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Precise Characterization

AbstractGeneral properties of the Canadian English vowel space are derived from an experimental-acoustic study of vowel production underway in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Comparing the preliminary Winnipeg results with similar data from General American English confirms previously described generalizations for Canadian English: the merger of low-back vowels, the relative retraction of /æ/, and the relative advancement of /u/ and /Ʊ/. However, a similar comparison of the Winnipeg sample with comparable Southern California data disputes the accuracy of the claim that Canadian Shift (Clarke et al. 1995) is a feature of ‘general’ Canadian and Californian English. An acoustic analysis uncovers subtle phonetic distinctions that make possible a more precise characterization of Canadian Raising: rather than only adjusting the height of the nucleus, Winnipeg speakers produce a directional shift in both the nucleus and offglide of the diphthongs /aɪ, aƱ/; this process applies to all three diphthongs (including /oɪ/).

Distraction Osteogenesis in the Treatment of Craniofacial Anomalies: Applications and Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1469-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Napoli ◽  
Carrie E. Zimmerman ◽  
Linda D. Vallino
Keyword(s):  
Distraction Osteogenesis ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Craniofacial Anomalies ◽  
Craniofacial Skeleton ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Psychosocial Impairment ◽  
And Function ◽  
Correct Structure

Purpose Craniofacial anomalies (CFA) often result in growth abnormalities of the facial skeleton adversely affecting function and appearance. The functional problems caused by the structural anomalies include upper airway obstruction, speech abnormalities, feeding difficulty, hearing deficits, dental/occlusal defects, and cognitive and psychosocial impairment. Managing disorders of the craniofacial skeleton has been improved by the technique known as distraction osteogenesis (DO). In DO, new bone growth is stimulated allowing bones to be lengthened without need for bone graft. The purpose of this clinical focus article is to describe the technique and clinical applications and outcomes of DO in CFA. Conclusion Distraction can be applied to various regions of the craniofacial skeleton to correct structure and function. The benefits of this procedure include improved airway, feeding, occlusion, speech, and appearance, resulting in a better quality of life for patients with CFA.

Cathartic Effect of Suicide Attempts Not Limited to Depression

Crisis ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Sarfati ◽  
Blandine Bouchaud ◽  
Marie-Christine Hardy-Baylé
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
World Health ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Short Term

Summary: The cathartic effect of suicide is traditionally defined as the existence of a rapid, significant, and spontaneous decrease in the depressive symptoms of suicide attempters after the act. This study was designed to investigate short-term variations, following a suicide attempt by self-poisoning, of a number of other variables identified as suicidal risk factors: hopelessness, impulsivity, personality traits, and quality of life. Patients hospitalized less than 24 hours after a deliberate (moderate) overdose were presented with the Montgomery-Asberg Depression and Impulsivity Rating Scales, Hopelessness scale, MMPI and World Health Organization's Quality of Life questionnaire (abbreviated versions). They were also asked to complete the same scales and questionnaires 8 days after discharge. The study involved 39 patients, the average interval between initial and follow-up assessment being 13.5 days. All the scores improved significantly, with the exception of quality of life and three out of the eight personality traits. This finding emphasizes the fact that improvement is not limited to depressive symptoms and enables us to identify the relative importance of each studied variable as a risk factor for attempted suicide. The limitations of the study are discussed as well as in particular the nongeneralizability of the sample and setting.

On Being Precarious

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Deirdre Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Teaching Research ◽  
Part Time

In this essay, I reflect on my experience of part-time, fixed term, zero-hour, short-term, and unpaid contracts in academia. Precarious contracts are one of the biggest challenges facing our industry as neo-liberal values rule our institutions, impacting our teaching, research, and quality of life.

Bioactive Peptides Sensitize Cells to Anticancer Effects of Oxaliplatin in Human Colorectal Cancer Xenografts in Nude Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 512-522
Author(s):  
Xian Li ◽  
Long Xia ◽  
Xiaohui Ouyang ◽  
Qimuge Suyila ◽  
Liya Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Nude Mice ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Bioactive Peptides ◽  
Human Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hct 116

<P>Background: Despite new agent development and short-term benefits in patients with Colorectal Cancer (CRC), metastatic CRC cure rates have not improved due to high rates of oxaliplatin resistance and toxicity. There is an urgent need for effective tools to prevent and treat CRC and reduce morbidity and mortality of CRC patients. Exploring the effects of bioactive peptides on the antitumor to CRC was of vital importance to the clinical application. </P><P> Objective: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic impact of Anticancer Bioactive Peptides (ACBP) on anticancer effect of oxaliplatin (LOHP) in human colorectal cancer xenografts models in nude mice. </P><P> Methods: HCT-116 cells were cultured in vitro via CCK-8 assays and the absorbance was measured at 450 nm. Apoptosis and cell cycle were assessed by Flow Cytometry (FCM) in vitro. HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice of treatment with PBS (GG), ACBP, LOHP, ACBP+LOHP (A+L) in vivo. The quality of life was assessed by dietary amount of nude mice, the weight of nude mice, inhibition rates, tumor weight and tumor volume. Immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR method was conducted to determine the levels of apoptosisregulating proteins/genes in transplanted tumors. </P><P> Results: ACBP induced substantial reductions in viable cell numbers and apoptosis of HCT116 cells in combined with LOHP in vitro. Compared with the control GG group, ACBP combined low dose oxaliplatin (U) group demonstrated significantly different tumor volume, the rate of apoptosis, the expression levels of Cyt-C, caspase-3,8,9 proteins and corresponding RNAs (P<0.05). The expression of pro-apoptotic proteins in the cytoplasm around the nucleus was significantly enhanced by ACBP. Short term intermittent use of ACBP alone indicted a certain inhibitory effect on tumor growth, and improve the quality of life of tumor bearing nude mice. </P><P> Conclusion: ACBP significantly increased the anti-cancer responses of low dose oxaliplatin (L-LOHP), thus, significantly improving the quality of life of tumor-bearing nude mice.</P>

Do We Have Another Option to Treat Bleeding Hemorrhoids? The Emborrhoid Technique: Experience in 16 Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Moggia ◽  
Giuseppina Talamo ◽  
Gaetano Gallo ◽  
Gaetano Gallo ◽  
Matteo Barattini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Bleeding ◽  
Hemorrhoidal Disease ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Conventional Surgery ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Selective Embolization ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Bleeding Hemorrhoids

Background: Hemorrhoidal disease is very common in western countries and rectal bleeding is the main symptom complained by patients. Nowadays the ultimate goal of treatment is to block the bleeding with minimally-invasive techniques to minimize post-procedural pain. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the preliminary results of the emborrhoid technique (embolization of the superior rectal arteries branches) as a new tool for the proctologist to treat severe bleeding hemorrhoids causing anemia. Many categories of patients might benefit from this treatment, such as patients not eligible for conventional surgery, patients not responding to conventional treatment and fit patients with severe bleeding who refused endorectal surgical therapy. Method: From May 2017 to November 2018 a total of 16 patients with chronic rectal bleeding due to hemorrhoids underwent super-selective embolization of the superior rectal arteries at the department of General Surgery in La Spezia, S. Andrea Hospital, Italy. Median age was 59 years. 14 patients were males (87.5 %). Results: No post-procedural and short-term complications were observed at maximum follow up (12 months). The reduction of rectal bleeding with improvement of the quality of life was obtained in 14 patients (87.5%). Conclusion: Our study, although small in number, demonstrates that embolization of superior rectal arteries with coils to treat severe bleeding due to hemorrhoids is safe and effective and does not lead to immediate complications.

La evaluación del interprofesionalismo en la educación basada en simulación

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (0) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Laura Silvia Hernández Gutiérrez ◽  
Angélica García-Gómez ◽  
Argimira Vianey Barona Nuñez ◽  
Erick López Léon
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Study Group ◽  
The Us ◽  
Improvement Strategies

The education based on simulation is an educationalstrategy where students learn from their errors, developing skills, knowledge, competences,etc. in a controlled environment. During the process of teaching by simulation, it is necessaryto execute various types of assessments (diagnostic, summative, formative) in order tomake adjustments or changes in the educational process of the students, therefore identifying areas of opportunity for improvement. With the simulation, different processes can be taught, like interprofessionalism and collaborative work. Nowadays, there is a major concern for added safety and the quality of care for the patients and their families. Therefore, a WHO study group determined the basic interprofessional competences, and has been given the task of disseminating and promoting interprofessional education. Some educational institutions in the US, Canada and Europe have integrated interprofessional and collaborative work in simulation practices. All the activity by simulation must be evaluated in order to provide feedback to the participants and establish improvement strategies. The assessment of the interprofessional work focuses on the evaluation of common skills and competencies among various health professionals.

scholarly journals Parental Conflict, Regret, and Short-term Impact on Quality of Life in Tracheostomy Decision-Making

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessie W. October ◽  
Amy H. Jones ◽  
Hannah Greenlick Michals ◽  
Lauren M. Hebert ◽  
Jiji Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Parental Conflict ◽  
Short Term
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