Salmonellosis Including Enteric Fever

2022 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Farah Naz Qamar ◽  
Wajid Hussain ◽  
Sonia Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Fever

ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY IN CULTURE POSITIVE ENTERIC FEVER

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Manish Kulshrestha ◽  
Dr. Anjali Kulshrestha
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Bone Marrow Culture ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Culture Positive

INTRODUCTION: Enteric fever includes typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Peak incidence is seen in children 5–15 years of age; but in regions where the disease is highly endemic, as in India, children younger than 5 years of age may have the highest infection rates. There are about 22 million new typhoid cases occur each year. Young children in poor, resource limited areas, who make up the majority of the new cases and there is a mortality figures of 215,000 deaths annually. A sharp decline in the rates of complications and mortality due to typhoid fever is observed as a result of introduction of effective antibiotic therapy since 1950s. MDR-ST became endemic in many areas of Asia, including India soon after multidrug-resistant strains of Salmonella enterica serotype typhi (MDR-ST) that were resistant to all the three first-line drugs then in use, namely chloramphenicol, amoxycillin and co-trimoxazole emerged in early 1990s. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Only blood culture or bone marrow culture positive cases were included. The patients with culture isolated enteric fever were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by disk diffusion method using antibiotic discs. The analysis of the antimicrobial susceptibility was carried out as per CLSI interpretative guidelines. RESULTS: A total of 82 culture positive cases were included in the present study. 80 culture isolates were from blood culture and 2 from the bone marrow culture. Salmonella entericasubspecies enterica serovartyphi (S typhi) was isolated from 67 (81.70%) patients while Salmonella enterica subspecies entericaserovarparatyphi (S paratyphi A) was isolated from 13 (15.85%) cases and 2 (2.44%) were Salmonella enterica subspecies entericaserovarschottmuelleri (S paratyphi B). Of the 82 cases 65(79.3%) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, 17 (20.7%) were resistant to nalidixic acid, one (1.2%) case each was resistant to Cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, 2 (2.4%) were resistant to chloramphenicol, 10 (12.2%) were resistant and to cotrimoxazole 3 (3.7%) were resistant. CONCLUSION: In a culture positive cases 65(79.3%) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin and 17 (20.7%) were resistant to nalidixic acid. Multidrug resistant isolates were 65(79.3%).

ENTERIC APPENDICITIS: AN UNUSUAL COMPLICATION OF ENTERIC FEVER

2017 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-103
Author(s):  
Sapna Sandal ◽  
Sanjay Verma ◽  
Muneer Abas Malik
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Unusual Complication

An unusual type of salmonella causing enteric fever

Pathology ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-224
Author(s):  
D.E.M. Taylor ◽  
G.E. Eves
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Unusual Type

Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in a case of Enteric Fever

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 4882
Author(s):  
Vineeta Pande ◽  
Agarkhedkar S. R. ◽  
Ayank Tandon* ◽  
Aditya Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Stimulation Of

HLH is an uncommon, life threatening clinical syndrome cause by a severe hyper inflammatory reaction triggered by an infectious agent. The characteristic symptoms of HLH are due to the persistent stimulation of lymphocytes and histiocytes, leading to hyper-cytokinemia. We report a case of HLH in enteric fever in a13 year old female presenting with fever, lymphadenopathy and pancytopenia due an infection caused by Salmonella.

Concurrent Scarlatina and Enteric Fever

BMJ ◽  
1897 ◽  
Vol 1 (1895) ◽  
pp. 1064-1064
Author(s):  
J. B. Gabe
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Fever

scholarly journals Enteric Fever Diagnosis: Current Challenges and Future Directions

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Durga P. Neupane ◽  
Hari P. Dulal ◽  
Jeongmin Song
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Asymptomatic Carrier ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Pros And Cons

Enteric fever is a life-threatening systemic febrile disease caused by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi (S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi). Unfortunately, the burden of the disease remains high primarily due to the global spread of various drug-resistant Salmonella strains despite continuous advancement in the field. An accurate diagnosis is critical for effective control of the disease. However, enteric fever diagnosis based on clinical presentations is challenging due to overlapping symptoms with other febrile illnesses that are also prevalent in endemic areas. Current laboratory tests display suboptimal sensitivity and specificity, and no diagnostic methods are available for identifying asymptomatic carriers. Several research programs have employed systemic approaches to identify more specific biomarkers for early detection and asymptomatic carrier detection. This review discusses the pros and cons of currently available diagnostic tests for enteric fever, the advancement of research toward improved diagnostic tests, and the challenges of discovering new ideal biomarkers and tests.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of Clinical Features to Distinguish Enteric Fever From Other Febrile Illnesses in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. S257-S265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Aiemjoy ◽  
Dipesh Tamrakar ◽  
Shampa Saha ◽  
Shiva R Naga ◽  
Alexander T Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Culture ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Febrile Illness ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Mixed Effect

Abstract Background Enteric fever, a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A, frequently presents as a nonlocalizing febrile illness that is difficult to distinguish from other infectious causes of fever. Blood culture is not widely available in endemic settings and, even when available, results can take up to 5 days. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of clinical features, including both reported symptoms and clinical signs, of enteric fever among patients participating in the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP), a 3-year surveillance study in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. Methods Outpatients presenting with ≥3 consecutive days of reported fever and inpatients with clinically suspected enteric fever from all 6 SEAP study hospitals were eligible to participate. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of select clinical features against blood culture results among outpatients using mixed-effect regression models with a random effect for study site hospital. We also compared the clinical features of S. Typhi to S. Paratyphi A among both outpatients and inpatients. Results We enrolled 20 899 outpatients, of whom 2116 (10.1%) had positive blood cultures for S. Typhi and 297 (1.4%) had positive cultures for S. Paratyphi A. The sensitivity of absence of cough was the highest among all evaluated features, at 65.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55.0–74.7), followed by measured fever at presentation at 59.0% (95% CI, 51.6–65.9) and being unable to complete normal activities for 3 or more days at 51.0% (95% CI, 23.8–77.6). A combined case definition of 3 or more consecutive days of reported fever and 1 or more of the following (a) either the absence of cough, (b) fever at presentation, or (c) 3 or more consecutive days of being unable to conduct usual activity--yielded a sensitivity of 94.6% (95% CI, 93.4–95.5) and specificity of 13.6% (95% CI, 9.8–17.5). Conclusions Clinical features do not accurately distinguish blood culture–confirmed enteric fever from other febrile syndromes. Rapid, affordable, and accurate diagnostics are urgently needed, particularly in settings with limited or no blood culture capacity.

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