Comparison of three irrigation methods: SWEEPS, Ultrasonic, and Traditional irrigation, in smear layer and debris removal abilities in the root canal, beyond the fractured instrument

Abstract EASYDO ACTIVATOR (EA) is a continuously vibrational device for root canals irrigation, but its cleaning effectiveness has not been evaluated by any published reports. We were aiming to evaluate whether EA results in a greater intracanal smear layer and debris removal than conventional needle irrigation (NI) and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). Twenty-seven single-rooted teeth were used. Canals were sized to R30 and irrigated with 3% sodium hypochlorite. Species were divided into three groups: Group 1: NI; Group 2: PUI; Group 3: EA. Canal walls were subjected to scanning electron microscopy. NI- and PUI-group canal cleanliness decreased from the coronal to apical direction (P < 0.05), except for EA group in the apical third. PUI removed more smear layer from the coronal and middle thirds than EA and NI (P < 0.05). PUI and EA were superior to NI regarding debris removal (P < 0.05). The smear layer and debris from the coronal and middle thirds were effectively removed with EA and PUI. More effective removal occurred from the apical third for EA compared with PUI (P < 0.05). Both methods removed smear layer and debris better than NI, providing a theoretical basis for the clinical application of EA.

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Effectiveness of the EndoActivator System in Removing the Smear Layer after Root Canal Instrumentation

Journal of Endodontics ◽

10.1016/j.joen.2009.10.029 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 308-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

David Uroz-Torres ◽

Maria Paloma González-Rodríguez ◽

Carmen Maria Ferrer-Luque

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Smear Layer ◽

Root Canal Instrumentation

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The effect of different irrigation techniques on the quality of cleaning of root canal walls

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.2298/sgs0804221p ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 221-228

Author(s):

Violeta Pavlovic ◽

Slavoljub Zivkovic

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Smear Layer ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽

Efficient Removal ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Root Canals ◽

Group I ◽

Different Types ◽

The Difference

Aim: To evaluate the effect of irrigation techniques, i.e. different types of irrigation needles, on the quality of cleaning of root canal walls using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Material and Method: The study was conducted on 16 extracted, single-rooted, human teeth. The samples were allocated to two experimental groups depending on the type of the irrigation needle. Conventional needles were used for the irrigation of Group I and laterally perforated ones for Group II. All root canals were instrumented using K files and the Step-back technique. During instrumentation, all samples were irrigated with 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite solution followed by final irrigation with 17 % EDTA for 1 min. After that, all samples were irrigated with 10 ml of distilled water. The roots were, then, sectioned longitudinally and middle one third of each root canal was analyzed using SEM. Quantitative analysis was based on criteria by H?lsmann et al. Results: The obtained results showed that the more efficient removal of debris and the smear layer was accomplished in the group of samples irrigated using laterally perforated needles than conventional needles. The difference between the investigated irrigation techniques were statistically significant (p<0.01). Conclusion: The use of laterally perforated needles for irrigation allows more efficient cleaning of root canal walls, i.e. the removal of debris and the smear layer.

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The Effectiveness of Three Different Plant Extracts Used as Irrigant in Removal of Smear Layer: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study

Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry ◽

10.5005/johcd-9-1-16 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 16-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A Gupta ◽

V Goyal ◽

J Duhan ◽

S Hans ◽

P Sangwan

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Root Canal ◽

Smear Layer ◽

Ocimum Sanctum ◽

Control Group ◽

Syzygium Aromaticum ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope Study ◽

Layer Removal ◽

Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT Aim In the present study, the role of three plant extracts as irrigant in root canal cleaning after instrumentation was evaluated. The effect of Syzygium aromaticum (S. Aromaticum), Ocimum sanctum (O. Sanctum) and Cinnamomum zeylanicum (C. zeylanicum) plant extracts was evaluated in smear layer removal. Methods The study was divided into different groups having 5 teeth each using various irrigating agents to evaluate smear layer removal. Group A: O. Sanctum extract; group A1: O. Sanctum extract with EDTA, group B: S. Aromaticum extract; group B1 S. Aromaticum extract with EDTA, group C: C. zeylanicum extract; group C1 C. zeylanicum extract with EDTA and two control group of 5 teeth each in group D: 3% NaOCl; group D1 3% NaOCl with EDTA (as positive control) and group E: Distilled water (as negative control); group E1 3% Distilled water with EDTA. Each tooth was split longitudinally and prepared for examination by scanning electron microscopy. Results The herbal extracts were effective in cleaning root canal walls when combine with EDTA with maximum activity of S. Aromaticum extract with EDTA group. Conclusion Under the condition of present study the three herbal plant extracts were ineffective in removal of smear layer when used alone.

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A Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy (Debris and Smear Layer Removal) of Hand and Two NiTi Rotary Instrumentation Systems (K3 and ProTaper): A SEM Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1445 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 1028-1035

Author(s):

Sangeetha Vallikanthan ◽

K Balakoti Reddy ◽

Shreemoy Dash ◽

Sowmya Kallepalli ◽

N Chakrapani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Group Iv ◽

Smear Layer ◽

Layer Removal ◽

Group I ◽

Rotary Instruments ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sem Study ◽

Cleaning Efficacy

ABSTRACT Objectives The present study was conducted to compare the cleaning efficacy (debris and smear layer removal) of hand and two NiTi rotary instrumentation systems (K3 and ProTaper). Materials and methods Sixty single rooted human maxillary anterior teeth decoronated at the cementoenamel junction were used. All the specimens were divided into four groups of 15 teeth each, group I—ProTaper rotary instrumentation done, group II—K3 rotary instrumentation done, group III—Stainless steel K-file instrumentation done, group IV—root canal irrigation without instrumentation. Root canal preparation was done in a crown down manner and 3% sodium hypochlorite was used as irrigant after each file followed by final rinse with 5 ml of 17% EDTA solution, then specimens were scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination. Results Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's HSD test. Group I showed highly statistical significant difference compared to other groups. There was no statistically significant difference considering smear layer at any levels among the groups with no smear layer formation in group IV. Conclusion ProTaper rotary instrumentation showed the maximum cleaning efficacy followed by K3 rotary instrumentation in the coronal, middle and apical thirds of the root canal. Clinical significance ProTaper rotary instruments are more efficient than hand and K3 rotary instruments during root canal treatment. How to cite this article Reddy KB, Dash S, Kallepalli S, Vallikanthan S, Chakrapani N, Kalepu V. A Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy (Debris and Smear Layer Removal) of Hand and Two NiTi Rotary Instrumentation Systems (K3 and ProTaper): A SEM Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1028-1035.

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In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties and Smear Layer Removal/Sealer Penetration of a Novel Silver-Citrate Root Canal Irrigant

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13010194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 194 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Riccardo Tonini ◽

Massimo Giovarruscio ◽

Fabio Gorni ◽

Andrei Ionescu ◽

Eugenio Brambilla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽

Smear Layer ◽

Tetrazolium Salt ◽

Apical Portion ◽

Layer Removal ◽

Root Canal Irrigation ◽

Group I

This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of a novel silver-citrate root canal irrigation solution (BioAKT) on smear layer removal, sealer penetration after root canal instrumentation and antibacterial activity. Single-root teeth were endodontically treated, sealed with an epoxi-amine resin sealer and irrigated using: Group I: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); Group II: silver-citrate solution (BioAKT); Group III: phosphate buffer solution (PBS); Group IV: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Smear layer removal and silver deposition at the coronal, middle and apical portion of each canal were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Sealer penetration into dentinal tubules at coronal, middle and apical portion was assessed through dye-assisted confocal microscopy (CSM). Both SEM and CSM micrographs were evaluated by two examiners (κ = 0.86), who were blind to the irrigation regimens; scores were given according to the degree of penetration of the sealer. Data analysis included Pearson’s x2 and Sidak’s multiple comparisons. Dentin discs were polished and sterilized. Enterococcus faecalis biofilms were grown using a continuous-flow bioreactor under anaerobic conditions for 72 h. Specimens were irrigated with the tested solutions, and bacterial viability was assessed using a tetrazolium salt assay (MTT). Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA and Student’s post-hoc t-test (p < 0.05). BioAKT and EDTA were the most efficient solutions both in removing the smear layer and allowing sealer penetration. However, at the apical portion BioAKT performed significantly better compared to EDTA both in smear layer removal and sealer penetration (p < 0.05). BioAKT and NaOCl showed comparable antibacterial effect (p = 0.53). In conclusion, BioAKT represents a suitable smear layer removal agent, which allows for reliable sealer penetration at the apical portion of the root canal system and offers significant antibacterial properties.

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Cleaning Efficacy of the XP-Endo® Finisher Instrument Compared to Other Irrigation Activation Procedures: A Systematic Review

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9235001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (23) ◽

pp. 5001

Author(s):

Lauritano ◽

Moreo ◽

Carinci ◽

Della Vella ◽

Di Spirito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Root Canal ◽

Complete Removal ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Filling Material ◽

Debris Removal ◽

Activation Procedure ◽

Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽

Maximum Root ◽

Cleaning Efficacy

Background. One of the most important aims of an endodontic treatment is to obtain the complete removal or reduction of root canal remaining filling material: Smear layer, bacteria, intra-canal medicaments. To meet this requirement, several irrigation activation techniques have been proposed. Our systematic review examined studies which analyzed the XP-endo Finisher (XPF) instrument efficacy in removing root canal debris during initial endodontic treatment or retreatment, comparing it with the efficacy of other irrigation activation protocols, such as passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), laser activation procedure (Er:YAG), and Self-Adjusting File system (SAF). Methods. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Chocrane Library, and Scopus databases, identifying 51 items. Thirty-four articles were excluded based on title, abstract, full text, and language. Seventeen randomized controlled trials were selected and consequently submitted to quality assessment and data collection. Results. Conventional needle irrigation (CNI) is the less effective irrigation technique, but it is still unclear whether XPF is able to guarantee greater debris removal than the PUI technique. Er:YAG laser has been proven to be more effective in apical third than XPF instrument. Conclusions. Further investigations are needed in order to establish which final irrigation activation procedure could reach the maximum root canal debris reduction.

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