scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties and Smear Layer Removal/Sealer Penetration of a Novel Silver-Citrate Root Canal Irrigant

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Tonini ◽  
Massimo Giovarruscio ◽  
Fabio Gorni ◽  
Andrei Ionescu ◽  
Eugenio Brambilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Apical Portion ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Group I

This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of a novel silver-citrate root canal irrigation solution (BioAKT) on smear layer removal, sealer penetration after root canal instrumentation and antibacterial activity. Single-root teeth were endodontically treated, sealed with an epoxi-amine resin sealer and irrigated using: Group I: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); Group II: silver-citrate solution (BioAKT); Group III: phosphate buffer solution (PBS); Group IV: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Smear layer removal and silver deposition at the coronal, middle and apical portion of each canal were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Sealer penetration into dentinal tubules at coronal, middle and apical portion was assessed through dye-assisted confocal microscopy (CSM). Both SEM and CSM micrographs were evaluated by two examiners (κ = 0.86), who were blind to the irrigation regimens; scores were given according to the degree of penetration of the sealer. Data analysis included Pearson’s x2 and Sidak’s multiple comparisons. Dentin discs were polished and sterilized. Enterococcus faecalis biofilms were grown using a continuous-flow bioreactor under anaerobic conditions for 72 h. Specimens were irrigated with the tested solutions, and bacterial viability was assessed using a tetrazolium salt assay (MTT). Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA and Student’s post-hoc t-test (p < 0.05). BioAKT and EDTA were the most efficient solutions both in removing the smear layer and allowing sealer penetration. However, at the apical portion BioAKT performed significantly better compared to EDTA both in smear layer removal and sealer penetration (p < 0.05). BioAKT and NaOCl showed comparable antibacterial effect (p = 0.53). In conclusion, BioAKT represents a suitable smear layer removal agent, which allows for reliable sealer penetration at the apical portion of the root canal system and offers significant antibacterial properties.

scholarly journals The differences in root canal smear layer removal between 6,25% pineapple (Ananas comocus L. Merr.) peel extract and 17% Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Nirawati Pribadi ◽  
Karlina Samadi ◽  
Meliavita N. K. Astuti ◽  
Hendy J. Kurniawan ◽  
Adelina K. Tandadjaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pineapple Peel ◽  
Peel Extract

Background: The smear layer is attached to dentine and occludes the orifice and, consequently, must be removed in order to improve the success of inroot canal treatment. The ideal irrigation material removes both the organic and inorganic smear layers. Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) is one of the most commonly used root canal irrigation materials, but removes only inorganic smear layer. To overcome this problem, Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) peel extract, which contains saponins, bromelain, polyphenol and flavonoid, is used during root canal irrigation. Purpose: The study aimed to analyze the difference in smear layer removal between the use of 6.25% pineapple peel extract and 17% EDTA. Methods: 27 samples of mandibular premolar teeth with straight root canals were divided randomly into three groups (n = 9) and subsequently prepared using protaper. Irrigation was performed on the control group (aquadest), group I (17% EDTA) and group II (6.25% pineapple peel extract). The samples were dried, temporarily compressed and cut horizontally from the apical to the coronal. Samples were fixed with holder before the smear layer was observed through a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The resulting data was analyzed by means of an ANOVA test. Results: The highest score of root canal hygiene was recorded by group II, followed by group I and, finally, the control group. There were significant differences between the groups (p< 0.000). Conclusion: 6.25% pineapple peel extract produces a higher smear layer removal effect than 17%EDTA on the apical 1/3 of the root canal.

scholarly journals A Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy (Debris and Smear Layer Removal) of Hand and Two NiTi Rotary Instrumentation Systems (K3 and ProTaper): A SEM Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1028-1035
Author(s):  
Sangeetha Vallikanthan ◽  
K Balakoti Reddy ◽  
Shreemoy Dash ◽  
Sowmya Kallepalli ◽  
N Chakrapani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Group I ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Cleaning Efficacy

ABSTRACT Objectives The present study was conducted to compare the cleaning efficacy (debris and smear layer removal) of hand and two NiTi rotary instrumentation systems (K3 and ProTaper). Materials and methods Sixty single rooted human maxillary anterior teeth decoronated at the cementoenamel junction were used. All the specimens were divided into four groups of 15 teeth each, group I—ProTaper rotary instrumentation done, group II—K3 rotary instrumentation done, group III—Stainless steel K-file instrumentation done, group IV—root canal irrigation without instrumentation. Root canal preparation was done in a crown down manner and 3% sodium hypochlorite was used as irrigant after each file followed by final rinse with 5 ml of 17% EDTA solution, then specimens were scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination. Results Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey's HSD test. Group I showed highly statistical significant difference compared to other groups. There was no statistically significant difference considering smear layer at any levels among the groups with no smear layer formation in group IV. Conclusion ProTaper rotary instrumentation showed the maximum cleaning efficacy followed by K3 rotary instrumentation in the coronal, middle and apical thirds of the root canal. Clinical significance ProTaper rotary instruments are more efficient than hand and K3 rotary instruments during root canal treatment. How to cite this article Reddy KB, Dash S, Kallepalli S, Vallikanthan S, Chakrapani N, Kalepu V. A Comparative Evaluation of Cleaning Efficacy (Debris and Smear Layer Removal) of Hand and Two NiTi Rotary Instrumentation Systems (K3 and ProTaper): A SEM Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1028-1035.

scholarly journals Comparison of smear layer removal ability of different agitation system in the apical third of the root canal using SEM: an in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Zaighum Raza ◽  
◽  
Shiraz Pasha ◽  
Kusum Valli ◽  
VijayaLakshmi Yartha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Group I ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Ultrasonic Irrigation

Introduction: Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) remains gold standard as a result of its antimicrobial effect and tissue dissolution properties, but it has no effect on inorganic portion of smear layer. Thus the combination of NaOCl and EDTA has been proven to have the perfect ability in removal of both organic and inorganic debris. These irrigants when used with conventional syringe irrigation were unable to penetrate the apical portion of the root canal, so new activation devices have come in the market which claims to be effective in delivering the irrigant to the working length. Objective/Aim: This study evaluated and compared the efficacy of recently introduced irrigation activation devices EndoActivator, Passive ultrasonic irrigation and Laser on removal of smear layer from the apical third of instrumented root canal using Scanning electron microscope. Methods: Forty three single rooted teeth were prepared with the help of protaper files and divided into four groups. Group I: EDTA only, Group II: Endoactivator, Group III: Laser, Group IV: Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI). Three specimens were not treated with any smear layer removal protocol and were immediately sectioned and sent for SEM examination. The remaining 40 samples from 4 groups after treatment with different activation system were also sectioned and sent for SEM examination. The data obtained were statistically analysed using Friedman’s test. Results: All the four groups removed smear layer and the laser showed best smear layer removing capability compared to other groups but was significant only with respect to control and group I (EDTA group without any activation) (p<0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the study, all the activation systems were able to remove the smear layer from the apical third of the root canal with laser showing the best result followed by Endoactivator and then PUI.

scholarly journals The Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticle as A Final Irrigation Solution on The Smear Layer Removal, Micro-hardness and Surface Roughness of Root Canal Dentin

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Diatri Nari Ratih ◽  
Raras Ajeng Enggardipta ◽  
Aqilla Tiara Kartikaningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Root Canal Dentin

Background: Root canal irrigation is one of the most important stages during root canal treatment. One of the requirements of root canal irrigation material is that it can eradicate the smear layer but does not alter the physical properties of the root canal dentin. Objective: To investigate the effect of chitosan nanoparticle as a final irrigation solution on the smear layer removal, micro-hardness and surface roughness of root canal dentin. Methods: Seventy-two premolars used in this study and divided by three evaluations, namely smear layer removal, micro-hardness and surface roughness. Each study used 24 teeth and was assigned randomly into three groups of eight teeth. Group-1, final irrigation with 17% EDTA; group-2, with 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles; group-3, with 2.5% NaOCl. Specimens were evaluated for smear layer removal, micro-hardness and surface roughness using a Scanning Electron Microscope, Vickers hardness tester and surface roughness measuring instrument, respectively. Data obtained from smear layer removal evaluation were statically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U and data from micro-hardness and surface roughness were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. Results: Final irrigation using 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles produced similar smear layer removal than 17% EDTA (P>0.05), but it was greater than 2.5% NaOCl (P<0.05). Chitosan had higher micro-hardness and lower surface roughness than EDTA (P<0.05), but it was the same as 2.5% NaOCl (P>0.05). Conclusion: Final irrigation using 0.2% chitosan nanoparticles had the same effect on smear layer removal compared to 17% EDTA; however, 0.2% chitosan produced higher micro-hardness and lower surface roughness of root canal dentin than 17% EDTA.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Different Irrigation Protocols on Intracanal Smear Layer Removal in Teeth with or without Pre-Endodontic Proximal Wall Restoration

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3325
Author(s):  
Naji Kharouf ◽  
Eugenio Pedullà ◽  
Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa ◽  
Frédéric Bukiet ◽  
Salvatore Sauro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Apical Level ◽  
Root Canal Irrigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sonic Activation

To investigate the influence of pre-endodontic coronal wall restoration on smear layer removal during different root canal irrigation strategies, single-root premolars were prepared with a mesio-occlusal cavity. Half were left untreated (G1), while the mesial walls of the remaining half were reconstructed using a resin composite (G2). The specimens were divided into control (ctrl) groups, which used the conventional needle irrigation method, and four experimental subgroups according to irrigation strategy: Sonic activation using the Endoactivator, sonic activation using the EQ-S, mechanical activation using the XP-Endo finisher, and ultrasonic activation using the EndoUltra. Smear layer removal was assessed through SEM and the results were statistically analyzed. At the coronal and middle thirds, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was detected for G1 and G2, except for the control subgroups (G1ctrl vs G2 ctrl) at the middle third. At the apical third, the smear layer removal was significantly greater for G2 than G1. In G1, both at the middle and apical level, EQ-S and EndoUltra showed greater smear layer removal (p < 0.05) compared to the others G1 subgroups. In G2, at the apical level, the EQ-S and EndoUltra were the most effective in smear layer removal. Pre-endodontic coronal wall restoration may improve the smear layer removal during root canal irrigation.

Effect of time and ultrasonic activation on ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on smear layer removal of the root canal

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1062-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Pereira Linhares de Castro ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Pinheiro ◽  
Marco Antônio Húngaro Duarte ◽  
Jussaro Alves Duque ◽  
Samuel Lucas Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Ultrasonic Activation ◽  
Layer Removal

scholarly journals Evaluation of Different Irrigating Solutions on Smear Layer Removal of Primary Root Dentin

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Balto ◽  
Fouad Salama ◽  
Sultan Al-Mofareh ◽  
Faisal Al-Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Root Dentin

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate the efficacy of ethanolic extract of Salvadora persica (S. persica) and BioPure MTAD (a mixture of a tetracycline isomer, an acid, and a detergent) in removing the intracanal smear layer of primary teeth. Materials and methods The root canal of 40 extracted human primary anterior teeth were cleaned, shaped and grouped into experimental (n = 30) and control (n = 10). The root canals of the positive (n = 5) and the negative control (n = 5) were irrigated for 3 minutes with 5 ml of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or saline respectively. The canals in the experimental groups were irrigated for 3 minutes with 5 ml of 1 mg/ml ethanolic extract of S. persica (n = 15) or BioPure MTAD (n = 15) and then flushed with 2 ml of saline. The presence or absence of smear layer at the coronal and middle portion of each canal were examined under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results A significant d ifference (p = 0 .004) i n s mear l ayer removal between S. persica and MTAD at the middle third of the canal was observed. MTAD solution was as effective as 17% EDTA in removing the smear layer. Conclusion MTAD was significantly more effective in smear layer removal than S. persica solution at the middle third of the canal wall. Clinical significance Both tested irrigant solutions have the ability to remove the intracanal smear from primary root dentin following cleaning and shaping of the root canal and could be an alternative to EDTA. How to cite this article Balto H, Salama F, Al-Mofareh S, Al-Yahya F. Evaluation of Different Irrigating Solutions on Smear Layer Removal of Primary Root Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(3):187-191.

scholarly journals Scanning Electron Microscope Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal at the Coronal, Middle, and Apical Third of Root Canals using Er,Cr:YSGG Laser: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Rajasekaran M ◽  
Shankar Narayan Gopal ◽  
Indra R ◽  
Ramachandran S
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Layer Removal ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group I ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to analyse the smear layer removal at the coronal,middle and apical third of the root canals by using Er, Cr; YSGG laser system equipped with conical tip of 300 μm. A total of 80 single rooted extracted human mandibular premolars were endodontically prepared with rotary instrumentation and irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and were randomly divided in to four groups (20 tooth each). GROUP I: Served as control (non lased group), in which root canal were irrigated with 17% EDTA .GROUP II : 17% EDTA irrigant activated by laser with conical fibre tip at the coronal region .GROUP III: 17% EDTA irrigant activated by laser with conical fibre tip at the middle region.GROUP IV: 17% EDTA irrigant activated by laser with conical fibre tip at the apex region. The results showed complete smear layer removal at the coronal and middle region when compared to apical third of the root canal system. How to cite this article Murugesan S, Rajasekaran M, Baskaran VA, Gopal SN, Indra R, Ramachandran S. Scanning Electron Microscope Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal at the Coronal, Middle, and Apical Third of Root Canals using Er,Cr:YSGG Laser: An in vitro Study. J Oper Dent Endod 2017;2(1):11-14.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document