Two new compounds from mycelial fermentation products with nematicidal activity of Marasmius berteroi

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Ning Ning Yang ◽  
Qing Yun Ma ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Qing Yi Xie ◽  
Fan Dong Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Mycelial Fermentation ◽  
New Compounds

scholarly journals Cytotoxic and antimicrobial indole alkaloids from an endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. SYP-F7950 of Panax notoginseng

RSC Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (49) ◽  
pp. 28754-28763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Peng ◽  
Shao-Yang Hou ◽  
Tian-Yuan Zhang ◽  
Ying-Ying Wu ◽  
Meng-Yue Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Indole Alkaloids ◽  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Solid Fermentation

Two new compounds chetoseminudin F (1) and G (2) together with eleven known compounds were isolated from the solid fermentation products of the endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. SYP-F7950.

scholarly journals Napthrene Compounds from Mycelial Fermentation Products of Marasmius berteroi

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3898
Author(s):  
Ning Ning Yang ◽  
Qing Yun Ma ◽  
Fan Dong Kong ◽  
Qing Yi Xie ◽  
Hao Fu Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Tumor Cell Lines ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Mycelial Fermentation ◽  
Good Research

The metabolites of the genus Marasmius are diverse, showing good research prospects for finding new bioactive molecules. In order to explore the active metabolites of the fungi Marasmius berteroi, the deep chemical investigation on the bioactive compounds from its cultures was undertaken, which led to the isolation of three new naphthalene compounds dipolynaphthalenes A–B (1,2) and naphthone C (3), as well as 12 known compounds (4–15). Compounds 1, 2, and 4 are dimeric naphthalene compounds. Their structures were elucidated by MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data, as well as ECD calculations. Compounds 2–4 and 7 exhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities at the concentration of 50 μg/mL with inhibition ratios of 42.74%, 44.63%, 39.50% and 51.49%, respectively. Compounds 5 and 7,8 showed weak inhibitory activities towards two tumor cell lines, with IC50 of 0.10, 0.076 and 0.058 mM (K562) and 0.13, 0.18, and 0.15 mM (SGC-7901), respectively.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Profile and Biosafety of White Truffle Mycelial Products Obtained by Solid-State Fermentation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Jui-Yi Hsu ◽  
Ming-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Yu-Shen Lai ◽  
Su-Der Chen
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
White Truffle ◽  
Fermentation Product ◽  
Mycelial Fermentation

Solid-state fermentation may produce therapeutic compounds with higher biomass or better product characteristics than those generated by submerged fermentation. The objectives of this study were to analyze the antioxidant activities and biosafety of products obtained by white truffle (Tuber magnatum) solid-state fermentation in media with different ratios of soybean and red adlay. High levels of antioxidant components and high antioxidant activities such as DPPH radical scavenging, ferrous ion chelation, and reducing power were measured in 20 mg/mL water and ethanol extracts of the white truffle fermentation products. When the solid-state fermentation medium contained soybean and red adlay in a 1:3 ratio (S1A3), the fermentation product had more uniform antioxidant compositions and activities by principal component analysis (PCA). In addition, a 200 ppm water extract of the mycelial fermentation product was able to protect zebrafish embryos from oxidative stress induced by 5 mM hydrogen peroxide. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed the mycelial fermentation product for 90 consecutive days, revealing a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 3000 mg/kg BW/day. Therefore, mycelial products obtained by white truffle solid-state fermentation can be used instead of expensive fruiting bodies as a good source of antioxidant ingredients.

Junction of the Epithelium and Lamina Propria of the Bovine Rumen Mucosa

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
Al W. Stinson
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Protective Shield ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Lead Hydroxide ◽  
Acetic Acids

The stratified squamous epithelium which lines the ruminal compartment of the bovine stomach performs at least three important functions. (1) The upper keratinized layer forms a protective shield against the rough, fibrous, constantly moving ingesta. (2) It is an organ of absorption since a number of substances are absorbed directly through the epithelium. These include short chain fatty acids, potassium, sodium and chloride ions, water, and many others. (3) The cells of the deeper layers metabolize butyric acid and to a lesser extent propionic and acetic acids which are the fermentation products of rumen digestion. Because of the functional characteristics, this epithelium is important in the digestive process of ruminant species which convert large quantities of rough, fibrous feed into energy.Tissue used in this study was obtained by biopsy through a rumen fistula from clinically healthy, yearling holstein steers. The animals had been fed a typical diet of hay and grain and the ruminal papillae were fully developed. The tissue was immediately immersed in 1% osmium tetroxide buffered to a pH of 7.4 and fixed for 2 hrs. The tissue blocks were embedded in Vestapol-W, sectioned with a Porter-Blum microtome with glass knives and stained with lead hydroxide. The sections were studied with an RCA EMU 3F electron microscope.

Crystal chemistry of high-Tc superconductors

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1118-1119
Author(s):  
Maryvonne Hervieu
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Copper Oxides ◽  
High Tc Superconductors ◽  
High Tc ◽  
Single Mechanism ◽  
Square Planar ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bismuth Cuprates ◽  
New Compounds

Four years after the discovery of superconductivity at high temperature in the Ba-La-Cu-O system, more than thirty new compounds have been synthesized, which can be classified in six series of copper oxides: La2CuO4 - type oxides, bismuth cuprates, YBa2Cu3O7 family, thallium cuprates, lead cuprates and Nd2CuO4 - type oxides. Despite their quite different specific natures, close relationships allow their structures to be simply described through a single mechanism. The fifth first families can indeed be described as intergrowths of multiple oxygen deficient perovskite slabs with multiple rock salt-type slabs, according to the representation [ACuO3-x]m [AO]n.The n and m values are integer in the parent structures, n varying from 0 to 3 and m from 1 to 4; every member of this large family can thus be symbolized by [m,n]. The oxygen deficient character of the perovskite slabs involves the existence or the co-existence of several types of copper environment: octahedral, pyramidal and square planar.Both mechanisms, oxygen deficiency and intergrowth, are well known to give rise easily to nonstoichiometry phenomena. Numerous and various phenomena have actually been characterized in these cuprates, strongly depending on the thermal history of the samples.

Evaluation of New Compounds for Opioid Activity: Annual Report (1993)

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Woods ◽  
◽  
C. P. France ◽  
F. Medzihradsky ◽  
C. B. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Annual Report ◽  
Opioid Activity ◽  
New Compounds

A common mechanism links activities of butyrate in the colon

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit S. Verma ◽  
Michael J. Fink ◽  
Gabriel L Salmon ◽  
Nadine Fornelos ◽  
Takahiro E. Ohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
New Compounds

Two biological activities of butyrate in the colon (suppression of proliferation of colonic epithelial stem cells and inflammation) correlate with inhibition of histone deacetylases. Cellular and biochemical studies of molecules similar in structure to butyrate, but different in molecular details (functional groups, chain-length, deuteration, oxidation level, fluorination, or degree of unsaturation) demonstrated that these activities were sensitive to molecular structure, and were compatible with the hypothesis that butyrate acts by binding to the Zn<sup>2+</sup> in the catalytic site of histone deacetylases. Structure-activity relationships drawn from a set of 36 compounds offer a starting point for the design of new compounds targeting the inhibition of histone deacetylases. The observation that butyrate was more potent than other short-chain fatty acids is compatible with the hypothesis that crypts evolved (at least in part), to separate stem cells at the base of crypts from butyrate produced by commensal bacteria.

Deep Reinforcement Learning for Multiparameter Optimization in de novo Drug Design

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niclas Ståhl ◽  
Göran Falkman ◽  
Alexander Karlsson ◽  
Gunnar Mathiason ◽  
Jonas Boström
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
De Novo ◽  
De Novo Drug Design ◽  
Generative Process ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Multiparameter Optimization ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
New Compounds

<p>In medicinal chemistry programs it is key to design and make compounds that are efficacious and safe. This is a long, complex and difficult multi-parameter optimization process, often including several properties with orthogonal trends. New methods for the automated design of compounds against profiles of multiple properties are thus of great value. Here we present a fragment-based reinforcement learning approach based on an actor-critic model, for the generation of novel molecules with optimal properties. The actor and the critic are both modelled with bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. The AI method learns how to generate new compounds with desired properties by starting from an initial set of lead molecules and then improve these by replacing some of their fragments. A balanced binary tree based on the similarity of fragments is used in the generative process to bias the output towards structurally similar molecules. The method is demonstrated by a case study showing that 93% of the generated molecules are chemically valid, and a third satisfy the targeted objectives, while there were none in the initial set.</p>

Substrate use prioritization by a coculture of five species of gut bacteria fed mixtures of arabinoxylan, xyloglucan, β-glucan, and pectin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Liu ◽  
AL Heath ◽  
B Galland ◽  
N Rehrer ◽  
L Drummond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Emergent Properties ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Plant Polysaccharides ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

© 2020 American Society for Microbiology. Dietary fiber provides growth substrates for bacterial species that belong to the colonic microbiota of humans. The microbiota degrades and ferments substrates, producing characteristic short-chain fatty acid profiles. Dietary fiber contains plant cell wall-associated polysaccharides (hemicelluloses and pectins) that are chemically diverse in composition and structure. Thus, depending on plant sources, dietary fiber daily presents the microbiota with mixtures of plant polysaccharides of various types and complexity. We studied the extent and preferential order in which mixtures of plant polysaccharides (arabinoxylan, xyloglucan, β-glucan, and pectin) were utilized by a coculture of five bacterial species (Bacteroides ovatus, Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum, Megasphaera elsdenii, Ruminococcus gnavus, and Veillonella parvula). These species are members of the human gut microbiota and have the biochemical capacity, collectively, to degrade and ferment the polysaccharides and produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). B. ovatus utilized glycans in the order β-glucan, pectin, xyloglucan, and arabinoxylan, whereas B. longum subsp. longum utilization was in the order arabinoxylan, arabinan, pectin, and β-glucan. Propionate, as a proportion of total SCFAs, was augmented when polysaccharide mixtures contained galactan, resulting in greater succinate production by B. ovatus and conversion of succinate to propionate by V. parvula. Overall, we derived a synthetic ecological community that carries out SCFA production by the common pathways used by bacterial species for this purpose. Systems like this might be used to predict changes to the emergent properties of the gut ecosystem when diet is altered, with the aim of beneficially affecting human physiology. This study addresses the question as to how bacterial species, characteristic of the human gut microbiota, collectively utilize mixtures of plant polysaccharides such as are found in dietary fiber. Five bacterial species with the capacity to degrade polymers and/or produce acidic fermentation products detectable in human feces were used in the experiments. The bacteria showed preferential use of certain polysaccharides over others for growth, and this influenced their fermentation output qualitatively. These kinds of studies are essential in developing concepts of how the gut microbial community shares habitat resources, directly and indirectly, when presented with mixtures of polysaccharides that are found in human diets. The concepts are required in planning dietary interventions that might correct imbalances in the functioning of the human microbiota so as to support measures to reduce metabolic conditions such as obesity.

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