Can color difference on the maternal side of the placenta distinguish between acute peripartum twin–twin transfusion syndrome and twin anemia–polycythemia sequence?

Placenta ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisanne S.A. Tollenaar ◽  
Danny P. Zhao ◽  
Johanna M. Middeldorp ◽  
Dick Oepkes ◽  
Femke Slaghekke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Difference ◽  
Maternal Side

scholarly journals Color Difference in Placentas with Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence: An Additional Diagnostic Criterion?

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisanne S.A. Tollenaar ◽  
Danny P. Zhao ◽  
Johanna M. Middeldorp ◽  
Femke Slaghekke ◽  
Dick Oepkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Intensity Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Monochorionic Twin ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Processing Program ◽  
Diagnostic Criterion ◽  
Maternal Side

Objective: To determine the color intensity difference between the 2 placental shares in monochorionic placentas with twin anemia-polycythemia sequence (TAPS). Methods: We evaluated all digital pictures of TAPS placentas examined at our center and compared them to a control group of uncomplicated monochorionic placentas. We determined the color intensity of individual placental share on the maternal side of each monochorionic placenta using an image processing program and calculated the color difference ratio (CDR). Results: Digital pictures of 19 TAPS and 19 uncomplicated monochorionic placentas were included in this study. The TAPS group consisted of 12 spontaneous TAPS placentas (63%) and 7 post-laser TAPS placentas (37%). The median CDR in the group with TAPS was significantly higher than in the control group, 2.73 (range 1.73-6.36) versus 1.09 (range 1.00-1.35), respectively (p < 0.01). We found a positive correlation between CDR and inter-twin hemoglobin (Hb) difference in the TAPS group (R = 0.66, p < 0.01) but not in the control group (R = 0.04, p = 0.87). Conclusion: TAPS placentas have a significantly higher CDR compared to uncomplicated monochorionic twin placentas. Large inter-twin Hb differences in TAPS are associated with higher CDR.

Modification of optical properties of PC-PBT/Cr2O3 and PC-PBT/CdS nanocomposites by gamma irradiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 20402
Author(s):  
Kaoutar Benthami ◽  
Mai ME. Barakat ◽  
Samir A. Nouh
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Polybutylene Terephthalate ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Gap Energy ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Oxygen Atoms

Nanocomposite (NCP) films of polycarbonate-polybutylene terephthalate (PC-PBT) blend as a host material to Cr2O3 and CdS nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated by both thermolysis and casting techniques. Samples from the PC-PBT/Cr2O3 and PC-PBT/CdS NCPs were irradiated using different doses (20–110 kGy) of γ radiation. The induced modifications in the optical properties of the γ irradiated NCPs have been studied as a function of γ dose using UV Vis spectroscopy and CIE color difference method. Optical dielectric loss and Tauc's model were used to estimate the optical band gaps of the NCP films and to identify the types of electronic transition. The value of optical band gap energy of PC-PBT/Cr2O3 NCP was reduced from 3.23 to 3.06 upon γ irradiation up to 110 kGy, while it decreased from 4.26 to 4.14 eV for PC-PBT/CdS NCP, indicating the growth of disordered phase in both NCPs. This was accompanied by a rise in the refractive index for both the PC-PBT/Cr2O3 and PC-PBT/CdS NCP films, leading to an enhancement in their isotropic nature. The Cr2O3 NPs were found to be more effective in changing the band gap energy and refractive index due to the presence of excess oxygen atoms that help with the oxygen atoms of the carbonyl group in increasing the chance of covalent bonds formation between the NPs and the PC-PBT blend. Moreover, the color intensity, ΔE has been computed; results show that both the two synthesized NCPs have a response to color alteration by γ irradiation, but the PC-PBT/Cr2O3 has a more response since the values of ΔE achieved a significant color difference >5 which is an acceptable match in commercial reproduction on printing presses. According to the resulting enhancement in the optical characteristics of the developed NCPs, they can be a suitable candidate as activate materials in optoelectronic devices, or shielding sheets for solar cells.

Exploring the Facial Color Representative Regions Using the Humanae Images

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchun Yan ◽  
Hayan Choi ◽  
Hyeon-Jeong Suk
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Female Images ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Facial Landmarks

It is difficult to describe facial skin color through a solid color as it varies from region to region. In this article, the authors utilized image analysis to identify the facial color representative region. A total of 1052 female images from Humanae project were selected as a solid color was generated for each image as their representative skin colors by the photographer. Using the open CV-based libraries, such as EOS of Surrey Face Models and DeepFace, 3448 facial landmarks together with gender and race information were detected. For an illustrative and intuitive analysis, they then re-defined 27 visually important sub-regions to cluster the landmarks. The 27 sub-region colors for each image were finally derived and recorded in L ∗ , a ∗ , and b ∗ . By estimating the color difference among representative color and 27 sub-regions, we discovered that sub-regions of below lips (low Labial) and central cheeks (upper Buccal) were the most representative regions across four major ethnicity groups. In future study, the methodology is expected to be applied for more image sources.

A new color difference formula in RGBcolor space

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-467
Author(s):  
Zhen-ya YANG ◽  
Yong WANG ◽  
Zhen-dong YANG ◽  
Cheng-dao WANG
Keyword(s):  
Color Difference ◽  
Difference Formula

scholarly journals A Study of Automatic Judgment of Food Color and Cooking Conditions with Artificial Intelligence Technology

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1128
Author(s):  
Chern-Sheng Lin ◽  
Yu-Ching Pan ◽  
Yu-Xin Kuo ◽  
Ching-Kun Chen ◽  
Chuen-Lin Tien
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Color Space Conversion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Algorithm ◽  
Time Image ◽  
Cooking Conditions

In this study, the machine vision and artificial intelligence algorithms were used to rapidly check the degree of cooking of foods and avoid the over-cooking of foods. Using a smart induction cooker for heating, the image processing program automatically recognizes the color of the food before and after cooking. The new cooking parameters were used to identify the cooking conditions of the food when it is undercooked, cooked, and overcooked. In the research, the camera was used in combination with the software for development, and the real-time image processing technology was used to obtain the information of the color of the food, and through calculation parameters, the cooking status of the food was monitored. In the second year, using the color space conversion, a novel algorithm, and artificial intelligence, the foreground segmentation was used to separate the vegetables from the background, and the cooking ripeness, cooking unevenness, oil glossiness, and sauce absorption were calculated. The image color difference and the distribution were used to judge the cooking conditions of the food, so that the cooking system can identify whether or not to adopt partial tumbling, or to end a cooking operation. A novel artificial intelligence algorithm is used in the relative field, and the error rate can be reduced to 3%. This work will significantly help researchers working in the advanced cooking devices.

scholarly journals On Combining DeepSnake and Global Saliency for Detection of Orchard Apples

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6269
Author(s):  
Wang Jing ◽  
Wang Leqi ◽  
Han Yanling ◽  
Zhang Yun ◽  
Zhou Ruyan
Keyword(s):  
Saliency Detection ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Saliency Map ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Initial Contour ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
Single Target ◽  
Training Samples

For the fast detection and recognition of apple fruit targets, based on the real-time DeepSnake deep learning instance segmentation model, this paper provided an algorithm basis for the practical application and promotion of apple picking robots. Since the initial detection results have an important impact on the subsequent edge prediction, this paper proposed an automatic detection method for apple fruit targets in natural environments based on saliency detection and traditional color difference methods. Combined with the original image, the histogram backprojection algorithm was used to further optimize the salient image results. A dynamic adaptive overlapping target separation algorithm was proposed to locate the single target fruit and further to determine the initial contour for DeepSnake, in view of the possible overlapping fruit regions in the saliency map. Finally, the target fruit was labeled based on the segmentation results of the examples. In the experiment, 300 training datasets were used to train the DeepSnake model, and the self-built dataset containing 1036 pictures of apples in various situations under natural environment was tested. The detection accuracy of target fruits under non-overlapping shaded fruits, overlapping fruits, shaded branches and leaves, and poor illumination conditions were 99.12%, 94.78%, 90.71%, and 94.46% respectively. The comprehensive detection accuracy was 95.66%, and the average processing time was 0.42 s in 1036 test images, which showed that the proposed algorithm can effectively separate the overlapping fruits through a not-very-large training samples and realize the rapid and accurate detection of apple targets.

Color image design based on machine learning and SVM algorithm

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Li Bo
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Graphic Design ◽  
Management System ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Color Image ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Color Management ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Svm Algorithm

In today’s society, graphic design, as a popular image processing technology, plays an increasingly important role in people’s lives. In the specific operation process of graphic design, It is no longer restricted to the traditional development mode, such as file format and other factors. With the development of computer network technology, people promote the development of graphic design by constructing color management system. At the same time, the construction of color management system can help people to change colors and define colors when they process image information and output pictures. In the process of printing pictures, in order to make the colors used in the design process clearly printed out and without color difference, there are still many problems to be considered. First, we need to consider the unexpected situation and the complexity of image processing. Based on the introduction of computer learning, this paper will discuss and study the development of graphic design by SVM theory.

scholarly journals Tooth discoloration induced by apical plugs with hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements in teeth with open apices—a 2-year in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Krug ◽  
C. Ortmann ◽  
S. Reich ◽  
B. Hahn ◽  
G. Krastl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Color Difference ◽  
Blood Contamination ◽  
Tooth Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Tooth Discoloration ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Objectives To assess tooth discoloration induced by different hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements (HCSCs), including effects of blood and placement method. Materials and methods Eighty bovine teeth cut to a length of 18 mm (crown 8 mm, root 10 mm) were randomly assigned to 10 groups (n = 8), receiving orthograde apical plug treatment (APT). Apical plugs were 4 mm in length and made of ProRoot MTA (Dentsply), Medcem MTA (Medcem), TotalFill BC RRM Fast Set Putty (Brasseler), or Medcem Medical Portland Cement (Medcem) plus bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) with and without bovine blood. Further, orthograde (with or without preoperative adhesive coronal dentin sealing) and retrograde APT were compared. Teeth were obturated with gutta-percha and sealer, sealed with composite and stored in distilled water. Tooth color was measured on apical plug, gutta-percha/sealer, and crown surface before treatment versus 24 h, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment by spectrophotometry. Color difference (ΔE) values were calculated and analyzed by Shapiro–Wilk test, ANOVA with post hoc tests, Friedman test, t test, and post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction (α = .05). Results Tooth discoloration occurred in all groups with no significant differences between HCSCs (p > .05). After 24 months, color changes were prominent on roots but insignificant on crowns. Blood contamination induced a significantly decreased luminescence (p < .05). Blood had a stronger impact on tooth color than Bi2O3. No relevant effects of retrograde placement (p > .05) or preoperative dentin sealing (p > .05) were detected. Conclusions Apical plugs of the tested HCSCs cause discoloration of bovine roots, but not discoloration of bovine tooth crowns within a 24-month period. Clinical relevance APT should be performed carefully while avoiding direct contact with the coronal dentin, and in that case no aesthetic impairments occur.

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