Incongruous Changes in Heart Period and Heart Rate Variability with Vagotonic Atropine: Implications for Rehabilitation Medicine

PM&R ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 820-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Picard ◽  
Can Ozan Tan ◽  
Ross Zafonte ◽  
J. Andrew Taylor
1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. R243-R249
Author(s):  
Daniel Roach ◽  
Ela Thakore ◽  
Robert S. Sheldon

We propose that heart period sequences are organized similarly to sentences, with a lexicon of recurrent, similarly shaped words. These words should fulfill four criteria: universality, nonrandomness, central statistical tendencies, and specific associated physiology. Here we describe a large-magnitude, transient bradycardia (LMTB) and assess whether it constitutes a word. LMTBs were seen in 11 of 12 adult female rabbits. All shape parameters were different than those of the beat-randomized and phase-randomized surrogate sequences ( P < 0.05–0.001). LMTBs were 8.4 ± 2.9 beats and 2.64 ± 0.87 s long and were characterized by bradycardia of 77 ± 49 ms over 1.09 ± 0.49 s with a recovery to baseline over 1.56 ± 0.61 s. The LMTBs had a slower recovery than onset in 9 of 11 rabbits and were highly peaked in 10 of 11 rabbits ( P< 0.05). Scalar, magnitude, and shape parameters had values with central statistical tendencies. About 76% of LMTBs were accompanied by hypotension (mean −6.1 ± 3.9 mmHg) that lagged 2 beats behind the onset of the bradycardia and that correlated with the bradycardia (−10.5 ± 4.1 ms/mmHg). Thus transient bradycardic events are a distinct “word” in the lexicon of heart rate variability.


Author(s):  
Марина Михайловна Романова ◽  
Алексей Викторович Чернов

Активная деятельность ВОЗ по распространению и применению Международной классификация функционирования, ограничений жизнедеятельности и здоровья (МКФ) приводит к изменению законодательной базы, стандартов систем медицинской и социальной реабилитации с учетом положений МКФ. Во всем мире и в нашей стране продолжается развитие такого важного направления медицины как медицинская реабилитация, физическая и реабилитационная медицина. Среди актуальных аспектов можно отметить проблему полиморбидности патологии у одного пациента, а также объективизации диагностики нарушения отдельных функций, системы объективизации контроля и оценки эффективности реабилитационных мероприятий, в том числе с включением физических и физиологических методов контроля в контексте дальнейшего совершенствования системы физической и реабилитационной медицины. Статья посвящена результатам исследования по изучению возможностей применения хронобиологического подхода к оценке функционирования систем адаптации у пациентов при наличии полиморбидности. Применялся метод суточного мониторирования вариабельности сердечного ритма, электрокардиограммы, артериального давления. Полученные данные обрабатывали статистически с применением косинор-анализа. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о достоверных нарушениях циркадианного ритма вариабельности сердечного ритма у больных при сочетании метаболического синдрома и заболеваний верхних отделов желудочно-кишечного тракта. Хронобиологический подход в оценке показателей суточного мониторирования вариабельности сердечного ритма является одним из объективных методов интегральной оценки адаптационно-восстановительных резервов организма, что следует учитывать при организации и проведении диагностических, лечебных, профилактических мероприятий, в восстановительной, физической и реабилитационной медицине Who's active work on the dissemination and application of the International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) leads to changes in the legal framework, standards of medical and social rehabilitation systems, taking into account the provisions of the ICF. All over the world and in our country, the development of such an important area of medicine as medical rehabilitation, physical and rehabilitation medicine continues. Among the relevant aspects, we can note the problem of polymorbidity of pathology in one patient,as well as the objectification of diagnostics of violations of individual functions, the system of objectification of control and evaluation of the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures, including the inclusion of physical and physiological methods of control in the context of further improvement of the systemof physical and rehabilitation medicine. The article is devoted to the results of a study on the possibilities of applying a chronobiological approach to assessing the functioning of adaptation systems in patients with polymorbidity. The method of daily monitoring of heart rate variability, electrocardiogram, and blood pressure was used. The obtained data were processed statistically using cosinor analysis. The results of the study indicate significant violations of circadian rhythm and heart rate variability in patients with a combination of metabolic syndrome and diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Chronobiological approach to the assessment of indicators of daily monitoring of heart rate variability is one of the objective methods of integral assessment of adaptive and recovery reserves of the body, which should be taken into account when organizing and conducting diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive measures, in rehabilitation, physical and rehabilitation medicine


Physiology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Malliani

In most physiological conditions, sympathetic and vagal activities modulating heart period undergo a reciprocal regulation, leading to the concept of sympathovagal balance. This pattern can be indirectly quantified by computing the spectral powers of the oscillatory components corresponding to respiratory acts (high frequency) and to vasomotor waves (low frequency) present in heart rate variability.


2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (7) ◽  
pp. H1073-H1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fonoberova ◽  
Igor Mezić ◽  
Jennifer F. Buckman ◽  
Vladimir A. Fonoberov ◽  
Adriana Mezić ◽  
...  

Heart rate variability biofeedback intervention involves slow breathing at a rate of ∼6 breaths/min (resonance breathing) to maximize respiratory and baroreflex effects on heart period oscillations. This intervention has wide-ranging clinical benefits and is gaining empirical support as an adjunct therapy for biobehavioral disorders, including asthma and depression. Yet, little is known about the system-level cardiovascular changes that occur during resonance breathing or the extent to which individuals differ in cardiovascular benefit. This study used a computational physiology approach to dynamically model the human cardiovascular system at rest and during resonance breathing. Noninvasive measurements of heart period, beat-to-beat systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and respiration period were obtained from 24 healthy young men and women. A model with respiration as input was parameterized to better understand how the cardiovascular processes that control variability in heart period and blood pressure change from rest to resonance breathing. The cost function used in model calibration corresponded to the difference between the experimental data and model outputs. A good match was observed between the data and model outputs (heart period, blood pressure, and corresponding power spectral densities). Significant improvements in several modeled cardiovascular functions (e.g., blood flow to internal organs, sensitivity of the sympathetic component of the baroreflex, ventricular elastance) were observed during resonance breathing. Individual differences in the magnitude and nature of these dynamic responses suggest that computational physiology may be clinically useful for tailoring heart rate variability biofeedback interventions for the needs of individual patients.


1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. H1970-H1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Roach ◽  
Robert S. Sheldon

Many chaos detection methods have proven inherently ambiguous in that they yield similar results for chaotic signals and correlated noise. The purpose of this work was to determine whether human resting heart period sequences have global properties characteristic of chaotic systems. We investigated the inherent global organization of heart period sequences by quantifying how the information content of the embedded sequences varied as a function of scale. We compared the information scaling characteristics of 60-min heart period sequences obtained from 10 healthy resting volunteers with those obtained from numerous periodic and chaotic control sequences. The information scaling properties of the heart period sequences were significantly different from those obtained for the controls, particularly at the coarsest scales ( P = 0.0003 vs. low-dimensional periodic controls; P = 0.0005 vs. low-dimensional chaotic controls; P = 0.0003 vs. low-dimensional periodic and chaotic controls). We also showed that nondeterministic components, such as large tachycardic (or bradycardic) events or aperiodic fluctuations, can lead to scaling characteristics similar to those observed for the resting heart period sequences. This, in addition to previous evidence from spectral, nonlinear predictability and lexical studies, favors an events-based approach to understanding heart rate variability.


Author(s):  
DeWayne P. Williams ◽  
Nicholas Joseph ◽  
Gina M. Gerardo ◽  
LaBarron K. Hill ◽  
Julian Koenig ◽  
...  

AbstractThere is a continuing debate concerning “adjustments” to heart period variability [i.e., heart rate variability (HRV)] for the heart period [i.e., increases inter-beat-intervals (IBI)]. To date, such arguments have not seriously considered the impact a demographic variable, such as gender, can have on the association between HRV and the heart period. A prior meta-analysis showed women to have greater HRV compared to men despite having shorter IBI and higher heart rate (HR). Thus, it is plausible that men and women differ in the association between HRV and HR/IBI. Thus, the present study investigates the potential moderating effect of gender on the association between HRV and indices of cardiac chronotropy, including both HR and IBI. Data from 633 participants (339 women) were available for analysis. Cardiac measures were assessed during a 5-min baseline-resting period. HRV measures included the standard deviation of inter-beat-intervals, root mean square of successive differences, and autoregressive high frequency power. Moderation analyses showed gender significantly moderated the association between all HRV variables and both HR and IBI (each p < 0.05). However, results were not consistent when using recently recommended HRV variables “adjusted” for IBI. Overall, the current investigation provides data illustrating a differential association between HRV and the heart period based on gender. Substantial neurophysiological evidence support the current findings; women show greater sensitivity to acetylcholine compared to men. If women show greater sensitivity to acetylcholine, and acetylcholine increases HRV and the heart period, then the association between HRV and the heart period indeed should be stronger in women compared to men. Taken together, these data suggest that routine “adjustments” to HRV for the heart period are unjustified and problematic at best. As it relates to the application of future HRV research, it is imperative that researchers continue to consider the potential impact of gender.


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