scholarly journals Supply and larval traits at metamorphosis of a coastal marine invertebrate with a bi-phasic life cycle under contrasting oceanographic conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 102201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felisa Rey ◽  
Gina M. Silva Neto ◽  
Juan Bueno-Pardo ◽  
Regina Bispo ◽  
Ricardo Calado
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Oceanographic Conditions ◽  
Larval Traits

scholarly journals Silent oceans: ocean acidification impoverishes natural soundscapes by altering sound production of the world's noisiest marine invertebrate

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1826) ◽  
pp. 20153046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tullio Rossi ◽  
Sean D. Connell ◽  
Ivan Nagelkerken
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Snapping Shrimp ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Ecological Importance

Soundscapes are multidimensional spaces that carry meaningful information for many species about the location and quality of nearby and distant resources. Because soundscapes are the sum of the acoustic signals produced by individual organisms and their interactions, they can be used as a proxy for the condition of whole ecosystems and their occupants. Ocean acidification resulting from anthropogenic CO 2 emissions is known to have profound effects on marine life. However, despite the increasingly recognized ecological importance of soundscapes, there is no empirical test of whether ocean acidification can affect biological sound production. Using field recordings obtained from three geographically separated natural CO 2 vents, we show that forecasted end-of-century ocean acidification conditions can profoundly reduce the biological sound level and frequency of snapping shrimp snaps. Snapping shrimp were among the noisiest marine organisms and the suppression of their sound production at vents was responsible for the vast majority of the soundscape alteration observed. To assess mechanisms that could account for these observations, we tested whether long-term exposure (two to three months) to elevated CO 2 induced a similar reduction in the snapping behaviour (loudness and frequency) of snapping shrimp. The results indicated that the soniferous behaviour of these animals was substantially reduced in both frequency (snaps per minute) and sound level of snaps produced. As coastal marine soundscapes are dominated by biological sounds produced by snapping shrimp, the observed suppression of this component of soundscapes could have important and possibly pervasive ecological consequences for organisms that use soundscapes as a source of information. This trend towards silence could be of particular importance for those species whose larval stages use sound for orientation towards settlement habitats.

Patterns of Larval Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Sten Møller ◽  
Klaus Anger ◽  
Guillermo Guerao
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Molting Cycle ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Arthropod Evolution ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Larval Traits

In this chapter, we explore the different patterns of development following the hatching of the crustacean larvae. For many groups of crustaceans, the free-living, postembryonic, and prejuvenile phase is by far the most important part of their life cycle, providing the link between different life modes in successive phases (e.g., between a sessile adult life and the need for long-range planktonic dispersal). Among the aspects covered, we discuss the specific criteria for what a “larva” is, including the necessity for defining specific larval traits that are lacking in other phases of the life cycle. We examine the typical anamorphic and hemianamorphic developmental patterns based on larval examples from a wide selection of groups from Decapoda to Copepoda, Thecostraca to Branchiopoda. In these groups, we examine the most common larval development patterns (including intraspecific variability) of, for example, the zoea, furcilia, copepodite, nauplius, and cypris larvae. We also expand on the importance of the molting cycle as the main driver in larval ontogeny and evolution. Finally, we discuss some of the more general trends of crustacean larval development in light of the general patterns and latest knowledge on tetraconate and arthropod evolution.

Sources of phenotypic variance in egg and larval traits in a marine invertebrate

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Sprenger ◽  
Rolanda Lange ◽  
Nico K. Michiels ◽  
Nils Anthes
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Larval Traits

Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Character State ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Ancestral Character State ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Group Relationships

<em>Abstract</em>.-We develop the view, based on life cycle differences and recently published sister group relationships, that the freshwater life cycle was the ancestral character state leading to anadromy among salmoniforms, whereas the marine life cycle was the ancestral character state leading to anadromy among osmeriforms. In contrast to most salmonid fishes, the reproductive migrations of smelts are generally characterized by brief excursions to spawn in freshwater, and larvae may spend no more than 24 h in freshwater before being transported to coastal marine or estuarine environments. We reconstructed the phylogeny of the suborder Osmeroidei to establish the phylogenetic relationships among anadromous, marine, and freshwater species of this taxon. We mapped these life cycles onto phylogenetic trees of osmeriforms and salmoniforms and applied character-reconstruction methodology based on simple parsimony and likelihood methodologies. A freshwater origin of salmonids was supported by our analyses, whereas either marine or anadromous life cycles characterized the evolution of osmeroids. The possibility that the evolution of anadromy in salmonids and osmeroids followed separate paths requires a reconsideration of some generalizations concerning anadromy. We hypothesize that anadromy in osmeroids may be first and foremost an adaptation to place embryos and the early larval stages in reproductive safe sites to maximize their survival. The evolution of exclusive freshwater species of osmeriforms has occurred via anadromy through the various processes associated with landlocking. Freshwater amphidromy in osmeroids is most likely a consequence of anadromy rather than a precursor and may be contingent upon the availability of food resources in freshwater. Finally, marine osmeroids have been derived from anadromous ancestors and are "safe-site" specialists, exploiting principally the upper intertidal zone for reproduction. We also suggest that such contrasting evolutionary pathways to anadromy may provide insight into the evolution of partial migration, observed uniquely in salmonids, and the nature and extent of population genetic structure found in the two groups of fishes.

Cryptic species, life cycles, and the phylogeny of Clytia (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Campanulariidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2980 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERTO LINDNER ◽  
ANNETTE F. GOVINDARAJAN ◽  
ALVARO E. MIGOTTO
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Multigene Phylogenetic Analysis

Medusae and polyps of Clytia are abundantly found in coastal marine environments and one species in the genus—Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767)—has become an important experimental model. Yet, only 10 species in the genus have had their life cycle investigated. Most species of Clytia are also poorly described, and detailed life cycle and morphological studies are needed for accurate species-level identifications. Here, we investigated the life cycle of Clytia elsaeoswaldae Stechow, 1914, a species described for the tropical western Atlantic and subsequently considered conspecific to the nearly-cosmopolitan species Clytia gracilis (Sars, 1850) and Clytia hemisphaerica, originally described for the temperate North Atlantic. Based on observations of mature medusae and multiple colonies from southeastern Brazil and the U. S. Virgin Islands (type locality), our results show that C. elsaeoswaldae is morphologically distinct from C. gracilis and C. hemisphaerica. The morphological results are corroborated by a multigene phylogenetic analysis of the genus Clytia, which shows that C. gracilis-like species form a polyphyletic group of several species. These results suggest that the nearly-cosmopolitan distribution attributed to some species of Clytia may be due to the non-recognition of morphologically similar species with more restricted ranges.

scholarly journals Verification of the <i>Algirosphaera robusta</i>–<i>Sphaerocalyptra quadridentata</i> (coccolithophores) life-cycle association

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Triantaphyllou ◽  
M. D. Dimiza
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Aegean Sea ◽  
Common Life ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Andros Island ◽  
Coastal Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Spatial And Vertical Distribution ◽  
Living Coccolithophores

Abstract. Living coccolithophores were collected from eight stations along a transect in the gulf of Korthi (southeastern Andros island, Aegean Sea, Eastern Mediterranean) in August 2001. Samples were collected from 0–120 m water depth to determine the cell density, the species composition and the biogeographical (spatial and vertical) distribution of the coccolithophore biocommunities in coastal marine ecosystems. The studies revealed an impressive heterococcolith–holococcolith combination coccosphere (SEM micrograph) involving the species Algirosphaera robusta and Sphaerocalyptra quadridentata. In addition, a second association was observed by light microscopy. This discovery verifies the suggestions of Kamptner (1941) and provides strong proof on the assignment of these two ‘species’ in a common life cycle, increasing significantly our knowledge of life-cycle pairings ecology.

scholarly journals Polychaetes (Annelida) associated with macroalgae and coral reefs at a protected tropical island from the Atlantic coast

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Costa ◽  
Jessica Prata ◽  
Martin Christoffersen
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Shallow Subtidal ◽  
First Time

Polychaetes are typical marine invertebrates in the macroalgae and coral reefs environments, with a particular emphasis on tropical waters. In this study, 44 specimens were collected, belonging to 10 families, 13 genera and 13 species, among which the families Nereididae (with three species) and Amphinomidae (two spp.) were the most representative. The species Terebella plagiostoma (10 individuals), Ceratonereis singularis (9) and Eurythoe complanata (9) were the most abundant. This work represents the first study of polychaetes performed at the Morro de São Paulo region (Tinharé Island), a protected island from Northeast Brazil (state of Bahia). The samples (algae in the fringing reef ecosystems) were collected in 2015, at low tide in the intertidal to shallow subtidal zones. The species Hyboscolex longiseta Schmarda, 1861 is reported here for the first time in the South Atlantic Ocean. The errant polychaetes predominated at the collected samples (61.36% of the total abundance). These numbers evidence how little we know about coastal marine invertebrate fauna in Brazil and indicate the need for further sampling, especially on protected islands.

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