scholarly journals Suitability of Self-Organization for Different Types of Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Martin Krockert ◽  
Marvin Matthes ◽  
Torsten Munkelt
Keyword(s):  
Self Organization ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Emergence of a geometric pattern of cell fates from tissue-scale mechanics in the Drosophila eye

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Gallagher ◽  
Madhav Mani ◽  
Richard W. Carthew
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Triangular Grid ◽  
Regular Pattern ◽  
Geometric Pattern ◽  
Cell Fates ◽  
Biochemical Model ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Drosophila Eye

Pattern formation of biological structures involves the arrangement of different types of cells in an ordered spatial configuration. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of patterning the Drosophila eye into a precise triangular grid of photoreceptor clusters called ommatidia. Previous studies had led to a long-standing biochemical model whereby a reaction-diffusion process is templated by recently formed ommatidia to propagate a molecular prepattern across the eye epithelium. Here, we find that the templating mechanism is instead, mechanical in origin; newly born columns of ommatidia serve as a template to spatially pattern cell flows that move the cells in the epithelium into position to form each new column of ommatidia. Cell flow is generated by a pressure gradient that is caused by a narrow zone of cell dilation precisely positioned behind the growing wavefront of ommatidia. The newly formed lattice grid of ommatidia cells are immobile, deflecting and focusing the flow of other cells. Thus, the self-organization of a regular pattern of cell fates in an epithelium is mechanically driven.

scholarly journals Human Development VI: Supracellular Morphogenesis. The Origin of Biological and Cellular Order

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1424-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Ventegodt ◽  
Tyge Dahl Hermansen ◽  
Trine Flensborg-Madsen ◽  
Maj Lyck Nielsen ◽  
Joav Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Positional Information ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Compensatory Reactions ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
High Level ◽  
Informational System ◽  
Biological Organisms

Uninterrupted morphogenesis shows the informational potentials of biological organisms. Experimentally disturbed morphogenesis shows the compensational dynamics of the biological informational system, which is the rich informational redundancy. In this paper, we use these data to describe morphogenesis in terms of the development of supracellular levels of the organism, and we define complex epigenesis and supracellular differentiation. We review the phenomena of regeneration and induction of Hydra and amphibians, and the higher animal’s informational needs for developing their complex nervous systems. We argue, also building on the NO-GO theorem for ontogenesis as chemistry, that the traditional chemical explanations of high-level informational events in ontogenesis, such as transmutation, regeneration, and induction, are insufficient. We analyze the informational dynamics of three embryonic compensatory reactions to different types of disturbances: (1) transmutations of the imaginal discs of insects, (2) regeneration after removal of embryonic tissue, and (3) embryonic induction, where two tissues that normally are separated experimentally are made to influence each other. We describe morphogenesis as a complex bifurcation, and the resulting morphological levels of the organism as organized in a fractal manner and supported by positional information. We suggest that some kind of real nonchemical phenomenon must be taking form in living organisms as an information-carrying dynamic fractal field, causing morhogenesis and supporting the organism’s morphology through time. We argue that only such a phenomenon that provides information-directed self-organization to the organism is able to explain the observed dynamic distribution of biological information through morphogenesis and the organism's ability to rejuvenate and heal.

Evolution of Birdsong Syntax by Interjection Communication

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutoshi Sasahara ◽  
Takashi Ikegami
Keyword(s):  
Animal Communication ◽  
Finite Automata ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Body Postures ◽  
Female Preferences ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Song Production ◽  
Song Syntax ◽  
System Coupling

Animals use diverse forms of communication, from sound signals to body postures. Recent ethological studies have reported a unique syntactic communication of a songbird, the Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata var. domestica). Male Bengalese finches sing complex courtship songs, which can be reconstructed by finite automata, and female Bengalese finches prefer complex songs, as opposed to monotonous or random ones. These facts suggest that the song syntaxes of male birds may have evolved as a result of sexual selection by female birds. Inspired by this hypothesis, we developed a communication model that is a system coupling different types of automaton, one for song production by males and another for song evaluation by females. We applied this model to study the evolution of syntactic animal communication in terms of the self-organization of coevolving automata. Three types of courting strategies as well as a relationship between the song syntax and female preference emerged. We argue that despite the simple communication involved, the complexity and diversity of song syntaxes can evolve via diverse female preferences.

scholarly journals Self-Adaptation of a Heterogeneous Swarm of Mobile Robots to a Covered Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3562
Author(s):  
Ján Zelenka ◽  
Tomáš Kasanický ◽  
Marek Bundzel ◽  
Rudolf Andoga
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Agent Systems ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Self Adaptation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Artificial Pheromone

An original swarm-based method for coordination of groups of mobile robots with a focus on the self-organization and self-adaptation of the groups is presented in this paper. The method is a nature-inspired decentralized algorithm that uses artificial pheromone marks and enables the cooperation of different types of independent reactive agents that operate in the air, on the ground, or in the water. The advantages of our solution include scalability, adaptability, and robustness. The algorithm worked with variable numbers of agents in the groups. It was resistant against failures of the individual robots. A transportation control algorithm that ensured the spreading of different types of agents across exploration space with different types of environments was introduced and tested. We established that our swarm control algorithm was able to successfully control three basic behaviors: space exploration, population management, and transportation. The behaviors were able to run simultaneously, and space exploration (the main goal) was never stopped or interrupted. All these features combined in a single algorithmic package represent a framework for future development of swarm-based agent systems applicable in a broad scope of environments. The results confirmed that the algorithm can be applied to monitoring, surveillance, patrolling, or search and rescue tasks.

scholarly journals Redistribution and realization of energy at different scale-hierarchical levels of coalrock massif

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 00063
Author(s):  
Anna Sielski ◽  
Kostiantyn Bezruchko ◽  
Liudmyla Pymonenko ◽  
Oleksandr Burchak ◽  
Andrii Karhapolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Fractal Model ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Different Types ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Discrete Inhomogeneities ◽  
Dynamic Phenomena

The research of redistribution and realization of energy at different scale-hierarchical levels at the Donbas coalrock massif based on the parameters of faultings and gas-dynamic phenomena has been conducted. It is proved that the energy transfer, incoming by impulses in post-inversion time of the geological development in Donbas, occurs throughout the whole structure of coal, due to the formation of energy connection between individual elements of the molecular structure. This process is accompanied by transition of free energy into a bound state with increase in ordering of the molecular structure and aromaticity of the coal substance (local increase in the degree of catagenetic transformations). The conditions of energy accumulation and realization depend on the peculiarities of molecular processes occurring in dislocations of different types. Less energy is accumulated in tensile zones than in compression zones, which is confirmed by the intensity of coal and gas outbursts. It has been established that the energy entering the multifractal geological environment in Donbas from external sources is also redistributed fractionally by the system, causing the formation of multiscale discrete inhomogeneities, which provides the massif with specific properties and ability to self-organization. A fractal model of the structure of the coalrock massif is proposed.

scholarly journals Stigmergy, Self-Organization, and Sorting in Collective Robotics

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Owen Holland ◽  
Chris Melhuish
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Sensory Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Rule Set ◽  
Mediating Factor ◽  
Over Time

Many structures built by social insects are the outcome of a process of self-organization, in which the repeated actions of the insects interact over time with the changing physical environment to produce a characteristic end state. A major mediating factor is stigmergy, the elicitation of specific environment-changing behaviors by the sensory effects of local environmental changes produced by previous behavior. A typical task involving stigmergic self-organization is brood sorting: Many ant species sort their brood so that items at similar stages of development are grouped together and separated from items at different stages of development. This article examines the operation of stigmergy and self-organization in a homogeneous group of physical robots, in the context of the task of clustering and sorting Frisbees of two different types. Using a behavioral rule set simpler than any yet proposed for ant sorting, and having no capacity for spatial orientation or memory, the robots are able to achieve effective clustering and sorting showing all the signs of self-organization. It is argued that the success of this demonstration is crucially dependent on the exploitation of real-world physics, and that the use of simulation alone to investigate stigmergy may fail to reveal its power as an evolutionary option for collective life forms.

scholarly journals Surface induced self-organization of comb-like macromolecules

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 569-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin I Popov ◽  
Vladimir V Palyulin ◽  
Martin Möller ◽  
Alexei R Khokhlov ◽  
Igor I Potemkin
Keyword(s):  
Ultrathin Films ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Spontaneous Curvature ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Polymer Architectures ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Surface Domains ◽  
The Stability

We present a review of the theoretical and experimental evidence for the peculiar properties of comb copolymers, demonstrating the uniqueness of these materials among other polymer architectures. These special properties include an increase in stiffness upon increasing side-chain length, the spontaneous curvature of adsorbed combs, rod–globule transition, and specific intramolecular self-assembly. We also propose a theory of chemically heterogeneous surface nanopattern formation in ultrathin films of comblike macromolecules containing two different types (A and B) of incompatible side chains (so-called binary combs). Side chains of the binary combs are strongly adsorbed on a surface and segregated with respect to the backbone. The thickness of surface domains formed by the B side chains is controlled by the interaction with the substrate. We predict the stability of direct and inverse disc-, torus- and stripelike nanostructures. Phase diagrams of the film are constructed.

The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Extinction Time ◽  
Birth And Death Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj> 0 for eachj> 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.

Differentiating between different forms of moral obligations

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Moral Character ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Different Types

Abstract We argue that Tomasello's account overlooks important psychological distinctions between how humans judge different types of moral obligations, such as prescriptive obligations (i.e., what one should do) and proscriptive obligations (i.e., what one should not do). Specifically, evaluating these different types of obligations rests on different psychological inputs and has distinct downstream consequences for judgments of moral character.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

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