scholarly journals Redistribution and realization of energy at different scale-hierarchical levels of coalrock massif

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 00063
Author(s):  
Anna Sielski ◽  
Kostiantyn Bezruchko ◽  
Liudmyla Pymonenko ◽  
Oleksandr Burchak ◽  
Andrii Karhapolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Bound State ◽  
Fractal Model ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Different Types ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Discrete Inhomogeneities ◽  
Dynamic Phenomena

The research of redistribution and realization of energy at different scale-hierarchical levels at the Donbas coalrock massif based on the parameters of faultings and gas-dynamic phenomena has been conducted. It is proved that the energy transfer, incoming by impulses in post-inversion time of the geological development in Donbas, occurs throughout the whole structure of coal, due to the formation of energy connection between individual elements of the molecular structure. This process is accompanied by transition of free energy into a bound state with increase in ordering of the molecular structure and aromaticity of the coal substance (local increase in the degree of catagenetic transformations). The conditions of energy accumulation and realization depend on the peculiarities of molecular processes occurring in dislocations of different types. Less energy is accumulated in tensile zones than in compression zones, which is confirmed by the intensity of coal and gas outbursts. It has been established that the energy entering the multifractal geological environment in Donbas from external sources is also redistributed fractionally by the system, causing the formation of multiscale discrete inhomogeneities, which provides the massif with specific properties and ability to self-organization. A fractal model of the structure of the coalrock massif is proposed.

scholarly journals Biophysics and Modeling of Mechanotransduction in Neurons: A Review

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Martina Nicoletti ◽  
Letizia Chiodo ◽  
Alessandro Loppini
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Molecular Processes ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Mechanosensitive Ion Channels ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Intracellular Organelles

Mechanosensing is a key feature through which organisms can receive inputs from the environment and convert them into specific functional and behavioral outputs. Mechanosensation occurs in many cells and tissues, regulating a plethora of molecular processes based on the distribution of forces and stresses both at the cell membrane and at the intracellular organelles levels, through complex interactions between cells’ microstructures, cytoskeleton, and extracellular matrix. Although several primary and secondary mechanisms have been shown to contribute to mechanosensation, a fundamental pathway in simple organisms and mammals involves the presence of specialized sensory neurons and the presence of different types of mechanosensitive ion channels on the neuronal cell membrane. In this contribution, we present a review of the main ion channels which have been proven to be significantly involved in mechanotransduction in neurons. Further, we discuss recent studies focused on the biological mechanisms and modeling of mechanosensitive ion channels’ gating, and on mechanotransduction modeling at different scales and levels of details.

scholarly journals Suitability of Self-Organization for Different Types of Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Martin Krockert ◽  
Marvin Matthes ◽  
Torsten Munkelt
Keyword(s):  
Self Organization ◽  
Different Types

Metaphoric chains

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-298
Author(s):  
Sakineh Navidi-Baghi ◽  
Ali Izanloo ◽  
Alireza Qaeminia ◽  
Alireza Azad
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Previous Literature ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Form

Abstract The molecular structure of a complex metaphor comprises two or more atomic metaphorical parts, known as primary metaphors. In the same way, several molecular structures of metaphors may combine and form a mixture, known as mixed metaphors. In this study, different types of metaphoric integrations are reviewed and illustrated in figures to facilitate understanding the phenomena. Above all, we introduce double-ground metaphoric chain, a new form of metaphoric integration that has not been identified in the previous literature. Also, a distinction is made between single-ground and double-ground metaphoric chains. In the former, which has already been introduced, two basic metaphors are chained with the same form and have the same ground, while the latter includes two chained metaphors, one main metaphor plus a supportive one, with different grounds. In this analysis, we benefited from Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) to analyse double-ground metaphoric chains. This study suggests that each metaphoric integration leads to a multifaceted conceptualization, in which each facet is related to one of the constituent micro-metaphors.

scholarly journals WATER STRUCTURES IN MECHANICAL FIELDS

2015 ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
V. D. Shantarin ◽  
M. Yu. Zemenkova
Keyword(s):  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Weak Field ◽  
Fractal Model ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Equilibrium System ◽  
Concentration Of Ions ◽  
Free Molecules

This article is devoted to studying the properties of water and its model. It is shown that the existing models are not able to explain the entire set of properties of water, considering water as a non-equilibrium system and possessing the properties of self-organization and sensitive to weak field effects. The results of the authors’ research confirm a cluster-fractal model which considers water as a mixture of free molecules and fragments with the ordered hexagonal structure. It is shown that pure water electric conductivity depends on concentration of ions and the water capability of a relay way of transfer of these ions, which depends on its structural- information state.

Determination of Machine Tool Frequency Response Function During Cutting

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuil Kushnir
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Frequency Response ◽  
Response Function ◽  
Frequency Response Function ◽  
Dynamic Compliance ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Machine Tool Structure ◽  
Different Types ◽  
External Sources

The dynamic compliance (frequency response function - FRF) of a machine tool structure in the cutting zone under a cutting load is one of the major dynamic characteristics that define a machine’s cutting performance. The roundness and surface finish define the quality of the manufactured parts. These characteristics are developed during finishing and semi-finishing cuts. The kinowledge of machine tool dynamic compliance, defined in these steady-state cutting conditions, ensures parts quality and increase in machine tool productivity. The dynamic compliance is usually evaluated in tests, which are performed by means of hammers or vibrators (exciters). During these tests the machine does not cut and the machine components do not move relative to each other. The loads in the machine during cutting are defined by different internal and external sources that are acting in different points of the machine and in different directions. The real spectrum and frequency range of these forces is unknown. Experimental data acquired by different types of tests clearly show the difference in dynamic compliance for the same machine tool during cutting and idling. The machine tool dynamic tests performed by different types of external exciting devices do not take in consideration the real load conditions and interactions of moving components, including the cutting process itself and external sources of vibration. The existing methods of experimental evaluation of machine tool dynamic compliance during steady-state cutting condition require dynamometers to measure the cutting force and a special sensor to measure relative displacement between the cutting tool and workpiece. The FRF that is computed from these measurements represents a dynamic characteristic of the close loop system (machine structure and cutting process) and only under certain conditions may be considered as FRF of machine tool structure itself. The theory of stationary random processes allows defining the cutting conditions, under which the obtained data represent the FRF of machine tool structure, and provide estimations of random and bias errors of this evaluation. The simplified methodology of FRF estimation, based only on measurement of the spindle and tool vibration, is also presented in this paper. This methodology is used on an assembly line to obtain FRF for machine tools performance comparison and quality assurance.

scholarly journals IV. The molecular structure and elastic properties of the biological cells

1938 ◽  
Vol 166 (924) ◽  
pp. 76-96 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Elastic Behaviour ◽  
Biological Cells ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Keratin Fibres

Amongst the difficulties encountered in the study of the structure of hair not the least is its heterogeneity, whether considered crystallographically or histologically. From the former viewpoint progress has been made possible by assuming that there is no clear demarcation between “crystalline” and “amorphous” keratin, but rather that there is a continuous gradation of organization, so that the properties of “crystalline” keratin, which lies at one end of the scale, may be linked by a series of almost imperceptible changes with those of the keratin of any other degree of regularity. The X-ray photographs of the better organized parts have been regarded as signposts pointing the way to an understanding of what is happening, in the molecular sense, in the rest of the fibre substance. Histologically, it is possible to define to a certain extent the part played by the various structural elements by comparing the properties of different types of hair. In this way we find that all hairs have certain basic similarities in their behaviour, and if we confine our attention to these we may at once eliminate, as being of no fundamental importance, such special histological features as the cuticle or the medulla, which occur in certain types of hair only, or can be removed from the specimen. There remains, as the seat of the characteristic properties of keratin fibres, only the cortex, which in all hairs consists of a mass of biological cells apparently fused together by an “intercellular medium”. The present work is an attempt to discriminate between the cortical cells and the intercellular material in their relation to the elastic behaviour of the fibre.

Symbols as constraints

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Raczaszek-Leonardi
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Information Transmission ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Language Structure ◽  
Phenomenological Experience ◽  
Hierarchical Levels ◽  
Specialized System

The paper draws a parallel between natural language symbols and the symbolic mode in living systems. The inextricability of symbols and the dynamics with which they are functionally related shows that much of their structuring is due to dynamics and self-organization. It is also stressed that important factors that determine the shape of language structure lie outside individual mind/brains and they draw on time-scales quite different from those of phenomenological experience. Analysis of language into units and subsystems is thus not straightforward, since they show functionality on many levels and many time-scales. Finally it is recognized that, as a specific and specialized system of inter-individual coordination, natural language is many hierarchical levels away form simpler forms of information transmission in biological systems.

Thermomechanical Analysis of Poly (Bisphenol-A Carbonate) Performance and Molecular Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 576-579
Author(s):  
Xiu Juan Wang ◽  
Xiu Ting Zheng ◽  
Meng Song ◽  
Xiu Ying Zhao ◽  
Si Zhu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Molecular Simulation ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Thermomechanical Analysis ◽  
Optical Performance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Simulation Results

This work studied the influence of different molecular structure of polycarbonate on its properties. Different types of polycarbonate molecular chain models were built by molecular simulation method. By combining experimental and molecular dynamic simulation results, it is concluded that the polycarbonate-OQ2720 has better thermal stability, mechanical properties and optical performance, which is a better choice for aviation materials and manufacturing process.

ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRACTICES OF MANAGING EXTERNAL SOURCES OF TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION AND INDICATORS OF INNOVATIVE PERFORMANCE

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 709-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLANDIA MAFFINI GOMES ◽  
ISAK KRUGLIANSKAS ◽  
FLÁVIA LUCIANE SCHERER
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
Innovative Performance ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Different Types ◽  
External Sources ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Quantitative Nature

This study has the aim of understanding the different processes for managing outside sources of technology information, with a major focus on practices that companies actually adopt. The specific intention of the study is to construct a theoretical and practical frame of reference for developing processes of sustainable technological innovation. This study, of a quantitative nature, involved carrying out a survey on Brazilian industrial companies with innovative characteristics. to identify how the management of sources of information, influences the innovative performance of the companies that participated in the survey. The independent and dependent variables suggest the existence of an association between the management of outside sources of technology information, and innovative performance. Especially important here is how the different types of sources of information influence the indicators related to innovation in products and how the type of modality of access to technology affects the indicators relating to innovation of processes.

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