Evolution of Birdsong Syntax by Interjection Communication

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutoshi Sasahara ◽  
Takashi Ikegami
Keyword(s):  
Animal Communication ◽  
Finite Automata ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Body Postures ◽  
Female Preferences ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Song Production ◽  
Song Syntax ◽  
System Coupling

Animals use diverse forms of communication, from sound signals to body postures. Recent ethological studies have reported a unique syntactic communication of a songbird, the Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata var. domestica). Male Bengalese finches sing complex courtship songs, which can be reconstructed by finite automata, and female Bengalese finches prefer complex songs, as opposed to monotonous or random ones. These facts suggest that the song syntaxes of male birds may have evolved as a result of sexual selection by female birds. Inspired by this hypothesis, we developed a communication model that is a system coupling different types of automaton, one for song production by males and another for song evaluation by females. We applied this model to study the evolution of syntactic animal communication in terms of the self-organization of coevolving automata. Three types of courting strategies as well as a relationship between the song syntax and female preference emerged. We argue that despite the simple communication involved, the complexity and diversity of song syntaxes can evolve via diverse female preferences.

scholarly journals Bird sounds in nature writing: Human perspective on animal communication

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 580-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadri Tüür
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Nature Writing ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
Bird Song ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Human Interpretation ◽  
Object Of Study

The object of study in the present article is birds, more precisely the sounds of birds as they are represented in Estonian nature writing. The evolutionary and structural parallels of bird song with human language are reviewed. Human interpretation of bird sounds raises the question, whether it is possible to transmit or “translate” signals between the Umwelts of different species. The intentions of the sender of the signal may remain unknown, but the signification process within human Umwelt can still be traced and analysed. By approaching the excerpts of nature writing using semiotic methodology, I attempt to demonstrate how bird sounds can function as different types of signs, as outlined by Thomas A. Sebeok. It is argued that the zoosemiotic treatment of nature writing opens up a number of interesting perspectives that would otherwise remain beyond the scope of traditional literary analysis.

scholarly journals Suitability of Self-Organization for Different Types of Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 124-129
Author(s):  
Martin Krockert ◽  
Marvin Matthes ◽  
Torsten Munkelt
Keyword(s):  
Self Organization ◽  
Different Types

The Applications of Automata in Game Theory

2013 ◽  
pp. 204-217
Author(s):  
Sally Almanasra ◽  
Khaled Suwais ◽  
Muhammad Rafie
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Finite Automata ◽  
Computer Applications ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Different Types

In game theory, presenting players with strategies directly affects the performance of the players. Utilizing the power of automata is one way for presenting players with strategies. In this chapter, the authors studied different types of automata and their applications in game theory. They found that finite automata, adaptive automata, and cellular automata are widely adopted in game theory. The applications of finite automata are found to be limited to present simple strategies. In contrast, adaptive automata and cellular automata are intensively applied in complex environment, where the number of interacted players (human, computer applications, etc.) is high, and therefore, complex strategies are needed.

Assessing the Utilization of Automata in Representing Players' Behaviors in Game Theory

Game Theory ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 106-119
Author(s):  
Khaled Suwais
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Finite Automata ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Complex Environments ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
State Of Art

Representing players' strategies in game theory has a direct impact on the players' performance. The state of art shows that automata are one of the primary techniques used for representing players' strategies and behaviors. In this paper, the author will identify different types of automata and assess their utilization in the field of game theory. Is has been found that finite automata, adaptive automata, and cellular automata are widely adopted in game theory. The utilization of finite automata is found to be limited to represent simpler players' behavior. On the other hand, adaptive automata and cellular automata are intensively applied in complex environments, where the number of interacted players is large and therefore, representing complex behaviors are needed.

scholarly journals Analysis of female song provides insight into the evolution of sex differences in a widely studied songbird

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Wilkins ◽  
Karan J. Odom ◽  
Lauryn Benedict ◽  
Rebecca J. Safran
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Animal Communication ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Differences ◽  
Female Song ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Song Production ◽  
Foundational Research ◽  
Patterns And Processes

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the patterns and processes related to sexual dimorphism and sex differences in diverse animal taxa is a foundational research topic in ecology and evolution. Within the realm of animal communication, studies have traditionally focused on male signals, assuming that female choice and male-male competition have promoted sex differences via elaboration of male traits, but selection on females also has the potential to drive sexual differentiation in signals. Here, we describe female song in barn swallows (Hirundo rustica erythrogaster) for the first time, report rates of female song production, and couple song data with plumage data to explore the relative degree to which sex differences in phenotypic traits are consistent with contemporary selection on males versus females. During previous intensive study of male song over two years, we opportunistically recorded songs for 15 females, with matched phenotypic and fitness data. We randomly selected 15 high-quality samples from our larger male dataset to test whether sex differences in song and plumage are more strongly associated with fledgling success for females or genetic paternity for males. Analyses included 35 potential sexual signals including 22 song parameters and 13 plumage traits. Outcomes indicate that: female songs were used in multiple contexts, restricted primarily to the beginning of the breeding season; song traits showed greater sexual differentiation than visual plumage traits; and trait correlations with reproductive success in females, rather than males, predicted sex-based differences in song and plumage. These results are consistent with phylogenetic studies showing that sex-based phenotypic differences are driven by changes in females, highlighting the potential role of female trait evolution in explaining patterns of sexual differentiation. To achieve a better understanding of sex differences and dimorphism, we require comprehensive studies that measure the same traits in males and females and their fitness consequences.

scholarly journals Emergence of a geometric pattern of cell fates from tissue-scale mechanics in the Drosophila eye

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Gallagher ◽  
Madhav Mani ◽  
Richard W. Carthew
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Triangular Grid ◽  
Regular Pattern ◽  
Geometric Pattern ◽  
Cell Fates ◽  
Biochemical Model ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Drosophila Eye

Pattern formation of biological structures involves the arrangement of different types of cells in an ordered spatial configuration. In this study, we investigate the mechanism of patterning the Drosophila eye into a precise triangular grid of photoreceptor clusters called ommatidia. Previous studies had led to a long-standing biochemical model whereby a reaction-diffusion process is templated by recently formed ommatidia to propagate a molecular prepattern across the eye epithelium. Here, we find that the templating mechanism is instead, mechanical in origin; newly born columns of ommatidia serve as a template to spatially pattern cell flows that move the cells in the epithelium into position to form each new column of ommatidia. Cell flow is generated by a pressure gradient that is caused by a narrow zone of cell dilation precisely positioned behind the growing wavefront of ommatidia. The newly formed lattice grid of ommatidia cells are immobile, deflecting and focusing the flow of other cells. Thus, the self-organization of a regular pattern of cell fates in an epithelium is mechanically driven.

scholarly journals Journalism as a synergistic object

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
M. Butyrina
Keyword(s):  
Communication System ◽  
Professional Standards ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Individual Factors ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
The World ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
The Given ◽  
Role Position

The study highlights the latest mass-media trends and constructs in the context of the synergetic paradigm. Journalism is described as an open, non-linear, unbalanced, dynamic system which is capable of self-organization. The components of the synergetic cycle of the presented system are identified. Its actual phase of development is defined as post-journalism. The most typical phenomena with fractal features are determined. They include participative and amateur journalism. Manifestations of the holistic principle in the functioning of the system are also traced at the level of individual factors of the communication system - sender, recipient, message and code. Powerful influence of fluctuations of the external for journalism systems is outlined. Media picture of the world, which integrates not only information, but also pseudo-information elements that are also part of the functional field of journalistic influence, is defined as a systematic result of the «work» of the given system. The author outlines the transformation of the two-stage communication model, the complementation of the communication system with such factors as «bubble filter» and «content aggregators», expansion of the functional and role position of the sender.It is stated that the increase in the level of entropy in the journalism system is due to the non-compliance with professional standards, ethical norms, and accepted functional roles from the fractal phenomena that are currently only beginning to be formed within the system. From the standpoint of synergetics, the phenomenon of mediatization, which is the result of self-organization of the journalism system in interaction with the actors of the environment, is disclosed.Methodological features of the synergetic approach to the study of journalism are also revealed. They include metaphorization of the synergetic terminology; discreteness in the application of the synergetic paradigm, which foresees emphasis on some regularities in the development of the system while levelling the others; implementation of the synergetic approach in a simplified version through the analysis of the objects as a set of the system features.

scholarly journals Human Development VI: Supracellular Morphogenesis. The Origin of Biological and Cellular Order

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1424-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Ventegodt ◽  
Tyge Dahl Hermansen ◽  
Trine Flensborg-Madsen ◽  
Maj Lyck Nielsen ◽  
Joav Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Positional Information ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Compensatory Reactions ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
High Level ◽  
Informational System ◽  
Biological Organisms

Uninterrupted morphogenesis shows the informational potentials of biological organisms. Experimentally disturbed morphogenesis shows the compensational dynamics of the biological informational system, which is the rich informational redundancy. In this paper, we use these data to describe morphogenesis in terms of the development of supracellular levels of the organism, and we define complex epigenesis and supracellular differentiation. We review the phenomena of regeneration and induction of Hydra and amphibians, and the higher animal’s informational needs for developing their complex nervous systems. We argue, also building on the NO-GO theorem for ontogenesis as chemistry, that the traditional chemical explanations of high-level informational events in ontogenesis, such as transmutation, regeneration, and induction, are insufficient. We analyze the informational dynamics of three embryonic compensatory reactions to different types of disturbances: (1) transmutations of the imaginal discs of insects, (2) regeneration after removal of embryonic tissue, and (3) embryonic induction, where two tissues that normally are separated experimentally are made to influence each other. We describe morphogenesis as a complex bifurcation, and the resulting morphological levels of the organism as organized in a fractal manner and supported by positional information. We suggest that some kind of real nonchemical phenomenon must be taking form in living organisms as an information-carrying dynamic fractal field, causing morhogenesis and supporting the organism’s morphology through time. We argue that only such a phenomenon that provides information-directed self-organization to the organism is able to explain the observed dynamic distribution of biological information through morphogenesis and the organism's ability to rejuvenate and heal.

scholarly journals Male mice song syntax depends on social contexts and influences female preferences

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Chabout ◽  
Abhra Sarkar ◽  
David B. Dunson ◽  
Erich D. Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Social Contexts ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Female Preferences ◽  
Song Syntax

scholarly journals Self-Adaptation of a Heterogeneous Swarm of Mobile Robots to a Covered Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3562
Author(s):  
Ján Zelenka ◽  
Tomáš Kasanický ◽  
Marek Bundzel ◽  
Rudolf Andoga
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Agent Systems ◽  
Covered Area ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Self Adaptation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Artificial Pheromone

An original swarm-based method for coordination of groups of mobile robots with a focus on the self-organization and self-adaptation of the groups is presented in this paper. The method is a nature-inspired decentralized algorithm that uses artificial pheromone marks and enables the cooperation of different types of independent reactive agents that operate in the air, on the ground, or in the water. The advantages of our solution include scalability, adaptability, and robustness. The algorithm worked with variable numbers of agents in the groups. It was resistant against failures of the individual robots. A transportation control algorithm that ensured the spreading of different types of agents across exploration space with different types of environments was introduced and tested. We established that our swarm control algorithm was able to successfully control three basic behaviors: space exploration, population management, and transportation. The behaviors were able to run simultaneously, and space exploration (the main goal) was never stopped or interrupted. All these features combined in a single algorithmic package represent a framework for future development of swarm-based agent systems applicable in a broad scope of environments. The results confirmed that the algorithm can be applied to monitoring, surveillance, patrolling, or search and rescue tasks.

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