Delusions and dorso-medial frontal cortex volume in first-episode schizophrenia: A voxel-based morphometry study

2009 ◽  
Vol 172 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Whitford ◽  
Tom F.D. Farrow ◽  
Leanne M. Williams ◽  
Lavier Gomes ◽  
John Brennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Frontal Cortex ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

scholarly journals Pitch and Duration Mismatch Negativity Are Associated with Distinct Auditory Cortex and Inferior Frontal Cortex Volumes in the First-Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark T Curtis ◽  
Brian A Coffman ◽  
Dean F Salisbury
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
First Episode ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Inferior Frontal Cortex ◽  
Heschl’S Gyrus ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Gray Matter Volumes

Abstract Background Pitch and duration mismatch negativity (pMMN/dMMN) are related to left Heschl’s gyrus gray matter volumes in first-episode schizophrenia (FESz). Previous methods were unable to delineate functional subregions within and outside Heschl’s gyrus. The Human Connectome Project multimodal parcellation (HCP-MMP) atlas overcomes this limitation by parcellating these functional subregions. Further, MMN has generators in inferior frontal cortex, and therefore, may be associated with inferior frontal cortex pathology. With the novel use of the HCP-MMP to precisely parcellate auditory and inferior frontal cortex, we investigated relationships between gray matter and pMMN and dMMN in FESz. Methods pMMN and dMMN were measured at Fz from 27 FESz and 27 matched healthy controls. T1-weighted MRI scans were acquired. The HCP-MMP atlas was applied to individuals, and gray matter volumes were calculated for bilateral auditory and inferior frontal cortex parcels and correlated with MMN. FDR correction was used for multiple comparisons. Results In FESz only, pMMN was negatively correlated with left medial belt in auditory cortex and area 47L in inferior frontal cortex. Duration MMN negatively correlated with the following auditory parcels: left medial belt, lateral belt, parabelt, TA2, and right A5. Further, dMMN was associated with left area 47L, right area 44, and right area 47L in inferior frontal cortex. Conclusions The novel approach revealed overlapping and distinct gray matter associations for pMMN and dMMN in auditory and inferior frontal cortex in FESz. Thus, pMMN and dMMN may serve as biomarkers of underlying pathological deficits in both similar and slightly different cortical areas.

P02-336 Longitudinal voxel - based morphometry to evaluate progressive gray mater changes in first - episode schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 932-932
Author(s):  
Y. Kawasaki ◽  
M. Suzuki ◽  
T. Takahashi ◽  
K. Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Early Phases

BackgroundAlthough longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown that various brain regions undergo progressive tissue loss during the early phases of schizophrenia, regional pattern of these changes remain unclear.MethodsLongitudinal MRI data were obtained from 18 (12 males and 6 females) patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 20 (11 males and 9 females) healthy controls and at baseline and follow-up with mean scan interval of 2.7 years. To compare gray matter changes over time between patients and controls were evaluated with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) using SPM8 following the longitudinal DARTEL protocol.ResultsIn both groups of patient and control longitudinal gray mater reduction was observed in various brain regions including lateral and medial frontal regions and superior temporal region. Excessive decrease in gray matter was found in patients as compared to healthy controls in the left superior temporal region and right inferior frontal region.DiscussionOur findings suggest that there are differing longitudinal gray matter changes in patients with schizophrenia during the early phases of the illness as compared to healthy individuals.

Voxel-based morphometry results in first-episode schizophrenia: a comparison of publicly available software packages

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2224-2231
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Wenming Liu ◽  
Fan Guo ◽  
Xingrui Wang ◽  
Xiaowei Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Episode ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

First-episode psychosis is characterized by failure of deactivation but not by hypo- or hyperfrontality

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Guerrero-Pedraza ◽  
P. J. McKenna ◽  
J. J. Gomar ◽  
S. Sarró ◽  
R. Salvador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Medial Frontal Cortex ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Functional Psychosis ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundIt is not known whether first-episode psychosis is characterized by the same prefrontal cortex functional imaging abnormalities as chronic schizophrenia.MethodThirty patients with a first episode of non-affective functional psychosis and 28 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of the n-back working memory task. Voxel-based analyses of brain activations and deactivations were carried out and compared between groups. The connectivity of regions of significant difference between the patients and controls was also examined.ResultsThe first-episode patients did not show significant prefrontal hypo- or hyperactivation compared to controls. However, they showed failure of deactivation in the medial frontal cortex. This area showed high levels of connectivity with the posterior cingulate gyrus/precuneus and parts of the parietal cortex bilaterally. Failure of deactivation was significantly greater in first-episode patients who had or went on to acquire a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia than in those who did not, and in those who met RDC criteria for schizophrenia compared to those who did not.ConclusionsFirst-episode psychosis is not characterized by hypo- or hyperfrontality but instead by a failure of deactivation in the medial frontal cortex. The location and connectivity of this area suggest that it is part of the default mode network. The failure of deactivation seems to be particularly marked in first-episode patients who have, or progress to, schizophrenia.

Eine Stellungnahme zur Debatte über die „atypischen“ Antipsychotika

2010 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
A. Schmied ◽  
W. Kissling ◽  
J. M. Davis ◽  
S. Leucht
Keyword(s):  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Intervention Effectiveness ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

ZusammenfassungSeit etwa zehn Jahren gibt es eine kontrovers geführte Debatte über die Antipsychotika der zweiten Generation („second generation antipsychotics“, SGA) in der Schizophreniebehandlung, die in der Publikation der sogenannten Effektivitätsstudien CATIE (Clinical Antipsychotic Trial of Intervention Effectiveness), CUtLASS (Cost Utility of the Latest Antipsychotic Drugs in Schizophrenia Study) und EUFEST (European First-Episode Schizophrenia Trial) gipfelte. In der vorliegenden Übersicht fassen wir die Ergebnisse dreier aktueller systematischer Reviews zusammen, in denen die Antipsychotika der zweiten Generation (SGAs) mit Placebo, mit konventionellen Antipsychotika oder direkt miteinander verglichen wurden. Wir stellen die Metaanalysen in den Kontext anderer systematischer Reviews und beleuchten sie vor dem Hintergrund von CATIE, CUtLASS und EUFEST. Unserer Meinung nach sind viele Ergebnisse konsistent, sie werden aber von verschiedenen Experten und Interessensvertretern unterschiedlich interpretiert. Die Daten zeigen, dass SGAs keine homogene Gruppe darstellen und dass diese eher verwirrende Einteilung aufgegeben werden sollte. Unserer Meinung nach stellen die SGAs nicht den Durchbruch dar, den die Industrie gerne sehen würde. Ihre unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften erlauben aber eine bessere Ausrichtung des Behandlungsplans an den Problemen des individuellen Patienten. Diese Medikamente haben die Behandlungspalette deutlich erweitert und die meisten Psychiater, ganz zu schweigen von den Patienten, würden wohl nur sehr ungerne auf diese Präparate verzichten wollen.

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