Characterizing the affective responses to an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise among outpatients with schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 264-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus J. Duncan ◽  
Guy Faulkner ◽  
Gary Remington ◽  
Kelly Arbour-Nicitopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Affective Responses ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Acute Bout

The Effects of Exercise Serum From Prepubertal Girls and Women on In Vitro Myoblast and Osteoblast Proliferation and Differentiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Mezil ◽  
Joyce Obeid ◽  
Inna Ushcatz ◽  
Sandeep Raha ◽  
Brian W. Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Osteoblast Proliferation ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Myotube Formation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation In Vitro ◽  
Prepubertal Girls ◽  
Time Point

Purpose: In girls and women, the authors studied the effects of an acute bout of low-impact, moderate-intensity exercise serum on myoblast and osteoblast proliferation in vitro. Methods: A total of 12 pre/early pubertal girls (8–10 y old) and 12 women (20–30 y old) cycled at 60% VO2max for 1 hour followed by 1-hour recovery. Blood samples were collected at rest, mid-exercise, end of exercise, mid-recovery, and end of recovery. C2C12 myoblasts and MC3T3E1 osteoblasts were incubated with serum from each time point for 1 hour, then monitored for 24 hours (myoblasts) or 36 hours (osteoblasts) to examine proliferation. Cells were also monitored for 6 days (myoblasts) to examine myotube formation and 21 days (osteoblasts) to examine mineralization. Results: Exercise did not affect myoblast or osteoblast proliferation. Girls exhibited lower cell proliferation relative to women at end of exercise (osteoblasts, P = .041; myoblasts, P = .029) and mid-recovery (osteoblasts, P = .010). Mineralization was lower at end of recovery relative to rest (P = .014) in both girls and women. Myotube formation was not affected by exercise or group. Conclusion: The systemic environment following one acute bout of low-impact moderate-intensity exercise in girls and women does not elicit osteoblast or myoblast activity in vitro. Differences in myoblast and osteoblast proliferation between girls and women may be influenced by maturation.

Effects of an Acute Bout of Exercise on Cognitive Aspects of Stroop Performance

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Sibley ◽  
Jennifer L. Etnier ◽  
Guy C. Le Masurier
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Negative Priming ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
The Impact

Recent reviews of the literature have demonstrated that exercise has a positive impact on cognitive performance. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of an acute bout of aerobic exercise on executive functioning in college-age adults. For the experimental intervention, the effects of 20 min of self-paced moderate-intensity exercise on a treadmill were compared to the effects of a 20-min sedentary control period. Executive functioning was assessed using Stroop color-word interference and negative priming tests. Results indicated that the bout of exercise led to improved performance on the Stroop color-word interference task but no change in performance on the negative priming task. This finding suggests that exercise may facilitate cognitive performance by improving the maintenance of goal-oriented processing in the brain.

Dose–Response and Time Course Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Executive Function

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Brush ◽  
Ryan L. Olson ◽  
Peter J. Ehmann ◽  
Steven Osovsky ◽  
Brandon L. Alderman
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Core Executive ◽  
Improved Performance

The purpose of this study was to examine possible dose–response and time course effects of an acute bout of resistance exercise on the core executive functions of inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Twenty-eight participants (14 female; Mage = 20.5 ± 2.1 years) completed a control condition and resistance exercise bouts performed at 40%, 70%, and 100% of their individual 10-repetition maximum. An executive function test battery was administered at 15 min and 180 min postexercise to assess immediate and delayed effects of exercise on executive functioning. At 15 min postexercise, high-intensity exercise resulted in less interference and improved reaction time (RT) for the Stroop task, while at 180 min low- and moderate-intensity exercise resulted in improved performance on plus–minus and Simon tasks, respectively. These findings suggest a limited and task-specific influence of acute resistance exercise on executive function in healthy young adults.

scholarly journals Concurrent Performance of Executive Function during Acute Bouts of Exercise in Adults: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1364
Author(s):  
Kefeng Zheng ◽  
Liye Zou ◽  
Gao-Xia Wei ◽  
Tao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Concurrent Performance ◽  
Core Executive ◽  
Quality Assessments

The purpose of the study was to systematically review the evidence on the effects of an acute bout of exercise on concurrent performance of core executive function (EF) during exercise in adults. Four electronic databases (i.e., PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and SportDiscus) were searched from inception dates to 30 December 2020. The literature searches were conducted using the combinations of two groups of relevant items related to exercise and executive function. Articles were limited to human studies in adults. The search process, study selection, data extraction, and study quality assessments were carried out independently by two researchers. A total of 4899 studies were identified. Twenty-two studies met our inclusion criteria. Of the 42 reported outcomes in the 22 studies, 13 (31%) of the 42 outcomes showed that core EF performance was enhanced during exercise and 14 (33%) found that core EF performance did not differ from control conditions. Fifteen (36%) found that core EF performance was impaired. Notably, improved EF performances tend to be observed during moderate-intensity exercise, whereas impaired EF performances were more likely to be observed at vigorous-high intensity. The review suggests mixed findings regarding the effects of an acute bout of exercise on concurrent performance of core EF. Exercise intensity seems to influence the effects. The underlying neural mechanisms remain to be elucidated.

scholarly journals Effects of an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise on postprandial lipemia and airway inflammation

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel M. Johnson ◽  
Stephanie P. Kurti ◽  
Joshua R. Smith ◽  
Sara K. Rosenkranz ◽  
Craig A. Harms
Keyword(s):  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Postprandial Lipemia ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Old Men

A high-fat meal (HFM) induces an increase in blood lipids (postprandial lipemia; PPL), systemic inflammation, and acute airway inflammation. While acute exercise has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects, it is unknown whether exercise prior to an HFM will translate to reduced airway inflammation post-HFM. Our purpose was to determine the effects of an acute bout of exercise on airway inflammation post-HFM and to identify whether any protective effect of exercise on airway inflammation was associated with a reduction in PPL or systemic inflammation. In a randomized cross-over study, 12 healthy, 18- to 29-year-old men (age, 23.0 ± 3.2 years; height, 178.9 ± 5.5 cm; weight, 78.5 ± 11.7 kg) consumed an HFM (1 g fat/1 kg body weight) 12 h following exercise (EX; 60 min at 60% maximal oxygen uptake) or without exercise (CON). Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO; measure of airway inflammation), triglycerides (TG), and inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor-necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-6) were measured while fasted at 2 h and 4 h post-HFM. FENOincreased over time (2 h: CON, p = 0.001; EX, p = 0.002, but not by condition (p = 0.991). TG significantly increased 2 and 4 h post-HFM (p < 0.001), but was not significant between conditions (p = 0.256). Inflammatory markers did not significantly increase by time or condition (p > 0.05). There were no relationships between FENOand TG or systemic inflammatory markers for any time point or condition (p > 0.05). In summary, an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise performed 12 h prior to an HFM did not change postprandial airway inflammation or lipemia in healthy, 18- to 29-year-old men.

scholarly journals Imagery Use and Affective Responses During Exercise: An Examination of Cerebral Hemodynamics Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 503-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavin Tempest ◽  
Gaynor Parfitt
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Cerebral Hemodynamics ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Control Activity

Imagery, as a cognitive strategy, can improve affective responses during moderate-intensity exercise. The effects of imagery at higher intensities of exercise have not been examined. Further, the effect of imagery use and activity in the frontal cortex during exercise is unknown. Using a crossover design (imagery and control), activity of the frontal cortex (reflected by changes in cerebral hemodynamics using near-infrared spectroscopy) and affective responses were measured during exercise at intensities 5% above the ventilatory threshold (VT) and the respiratory compensation point (RCP). Results indicated that imagery use influenced activity of the frontal cortex and was associated with a more positive affective response at intensities above VT, but not RCP to exhaustion (p < .05). These findings provide direct neurophysiological evidence of imagery use and activity in the frontal cortex during exercise at intensities above VT that positively impact affective responses.

Calcium Losses Resulting from an Acute Bout of Moderate-Intensity Exercise

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryll B. Bullen ◽  
Mary L. O'Toole ◽  
Karen C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Humidity Environment

The purpose of this study was to compare daily calcium (Ca) losses in sweat (S) and urine (U) on an exercise day (E) with losses on the preceding day (i.e., a rest day) during which no exercise (NE) was performed. Ten healthy male volunteers (23.9 ± 3.2 years) performed a single bout of moderate exercise (running at 80% HRmax) for 45 min in a warm (32 °C, 58% relative humidity) environment on E. When E and NE were compared, neither Ca intake (1,232 ± 714 and 1,148 ±482 mg, respectively) nor urinary Ca excretion (206 ± 128 and 189 ± 130 mg, respectively) were different (p > .05). Sweat Ca losses during the exercise bout averaged 45 ± 12 mg. The results indicate that, although a small amount of Ca is lost in sweat during 45 min of moderate-intensity exercise, measured (sweat and urine losses combined) Ca losses (251 ±128 and 189 ± 130 mg) were not different (p > .05) between days (E and NE, respectively). These data suggest that moderate exercise for up to 45 min in a warm, humid environment does not markedly increase Ca intake requirements.

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