Childhood emotional abuse, physical abuse, and neglect are associated with theory of mind decoding accuracy in young adults with depression

2018 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Rnic ◽  
Mark A. Sabbagh ◽  
Dustin Washburn ◽  
R. Michael Bagby ◽  
Arun Ravindran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Childhood Emotional Abuse ◽  
Decoding Accuracy

Safeguarding children

2021 ◽  
pp. 175573802199585
Author(s):  
Sabana Shaikh ◽  
Rubena Ali Malik
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Healthcare Professional ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Multidisciplinary Meetings ◽  
The Family ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Psychological Harm

It is the duty of every healthcare professional to ensure they prioritise the welfare of a child by protecting them from physical or psychological harm. Forms of child abuse include physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and neglect. A child subjected to emotional abuse or neglect can present with ambiguous symptoms, making the abuse difficult to detect. Safeguarding concerns must be acted upon according to local procedures, guided by the child safeguarding lead and the practice safeguarding policy. Safeguarding multidisciplinary meetings can be an effective way of communicating with various professionals involved with the family.

scholarly journals Adverse childhood experiences and their relationship to gender and depression among young adults in Iraq: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameel F. Al Shawi ◽  
Yassen T. Sarhan ◽  
Mahasin A. Altaha
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Adverse Childhood Experiences ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Emotional Neglect ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adverse Childhood ◽  
Physical Neglect

Abstract Background Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are considered as universal public health problem that associate with mental disorders and risky behaviors during adulthood. The aims of the paper are to estimate the prevalence of Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among young adults in Iraq as well as to estimate the association between ACEs and depression. Methods A convenience sample of young adults of 18–20 years was chosen from centre and west of Iraq, mainly from universities. The adverse childhood experiences were measured by Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire. A depression scale was derived from the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS). Statistical tests: chi square was used to measure the association between adverse childhood experiences and other variables like gender and depression. Odds ratios were computed to estimate the risk for depression. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The total number of participants was 401, 38.9% of the subjects were men, while 61.1% were women. The mean age of the participants was 18.88 ± 0.745. The results revealed that the most common forms of ACEs among the subjects were physical neglect (19.8%) and emotional neglect (19.2%) followed by physical abuse (17.21%) while sexual abuse was 7.52%. There was statistically significant association between most forms of adverse childhood experiences especially emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse and physical neglect with depression. Conclusion ACEs are not uncommon among young adults in Iraq and are associated with depression in adulthood. National programmes to support mental health rehabilitation might be necessary to reduce the effect of ACEs among Iraqi people, especially for adolescents and young adults.

Elder Abuse in Nursing Homes: Do Special Care Units Make a Difference? A Secondary Data Analysis of the Swiss Nursing Homes Human Resources Project

Gerontology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Blumenfeld Arens ◽  
Katharina Fierz ◽  
Franziska Zúñiga
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Safety Climate ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

Background: In special care units (SCUs) for residents with advanced dementia, both personnel and organizations are adapted to the needs of residents. However, whether these adaptations have a preventive effect on elder abuse has not yet been explored. Objective: To describe the prevalence of observed emotional abuse, neglect, and physical abuse in Swiss nursing homes, to compare SCUs with non-SCUs concerning the frequency of observed emotional abuse, neglect, and physical abuse, and to explore how resident-related characteristics, staff outcomes/characteristics, and organizational/environmental factors relate to observed elder abuse. Methods: This is a secondary data analysis of the Swiss Nursing Homes Human Resources Project (SHURP), a cross-sectional multicenter study. Data were collected from 2012 to 2013 and are based on observed rather than perpetrated elder abuse. We performed multilevel mixed-effects logistic regressions taking into account the hierarchical structure of the data with personnel nested within units and facilities. Results: Of 4,599 care workers in 400 units and 156 facilities, 50.8% observed emotional abuse, 23.7% neglect, and 1.4% physical abuse. There was no significant difference between SCUs and non-SCUs regarding observed emotional abuse and neglect. Higher scores for ‘workload' and sexual aggression towards care workers were associated with higher rates of emotional abuse and neglect. Verbal and physical resident aggression, however, were only associated with higher rates of emotional abuse. Negative associations were found between ‘teamwork and resident safety climate' and both forms of abuse. Conclusion: Improving teamwork and the safety climate and reducing work stressors might be promising points of intervention to reduce elder abuse. More specific research about elder abuse in SCUs and the interaction between work climate and elder abuse is required.

Treating adult survivors of childhood emotional abuse and neglect: A new framework.

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances K. Grossman ◽  
Joseph Spinazzola ◽  
Marla Zucker ◽  
Elizabeth Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Childhood Emotional Abuse ◽  
New Framework

Childhood Maltreatment, Parental Monitoring, and Self-Control among Homeless Young Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1244-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Kort-Butler ◽  
Kimberly A. Tyler ◽  
Lisa A. Melander
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Social Outcomes ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Homeless Young Adults ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
The Relationship

Although parenting factors have been found to contribute to self-control, little is understood about how experiences of maltreatment affect the development of self-control and whether self-control mediates the relationship between maltreatment and negative social outcomes, especially among homeless individuals. This study examined whether lower parental monitoring, physical abuse, and neglect affected the development of self-control and if self-control mediated the relationship between parenting factors and negative social outcomes among a sample of homeless young adults. Results from path analyses indicated that lower parental monitoring and earlier age at first abuse contributed to less cognitive self-control. The effect of monitoring on criminal behavior was partially mediated by self-control. Independent of self-control, low monitoring, physical abuse, and neglect had direct effects on negative outcomes. Running away, a behavioral indicator of self-control, also had direct effects on negative outcomes.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Health Consequences of Child Physical Abuse, Emotional Abuse, and Neglect: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PLoS Medicine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e1001349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana E. Norman ◽  
Munkhtsetseg Byambaa ◽  
Rumna De ◽  
Alexander Butchart ◽  
James Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Child Physical Abuse ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

scholarly journals Prevalence of Child Abuse and Correlations with Family Factors Among Elementary School-aged Children

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raheleh Rafaiee ◽  
Fahimeh Mohseni ◽  
Nafiseh Akbarian
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
School Children ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
P Value ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

Background: The economic pressure on Iranian families has increased in recent years. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of child abuse in three domains of physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect among a sample of elementary school children in Iran and compare the results with previous studies from Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 400 elementary school children were selected through multistage cluster sampling from Shahroud, Iran, and assessed for all child abuse domains, except for sexual abuse, using a validated self-administered Persian questionnaire. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the participants were collected. Data were statistically analyzed, and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 10.83 years (SD = 1.9). Overall, 63.8%, 27%, and 90.3% of children reported emotional abuse, physical abuse, and neglect, respectively. There were significant associations between the mother’s employment status and neglect (P < 0.001), father’s education and physical child abuse (P = 0.03), and father’s smoking and emotional child abuse (P < 0.001). The results showed that lower levels of family socioeconomic status had significant effects on neglect (P = 0.006) and emotional child abuse (P = 0.003). Conclusions: Among the studied children, 73.8% declared at least one type of child abuse. It seems that the prevalence of neglect increased among school-aged children compared to previous studies from Iran. The low socioeconomic status of the family is significantly related to child abuse. Family physicians and school counselors play important roles in identifying and reporting child abuse and neglect. Therefore, they should be more involved in the prevention of child abuse.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of Childhood Maltreatment in Relation to Psychopathic Traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corine de Ruiter ◽  
Matthias Burghart ◽  
Raneesha De Silva ◽  
Sara Griesbeck Garcia ◽  
Ushna Mian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Complex Trauma ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Social Deviance ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by a mix of traits belonging to four facets: affective (e.g., callous/lack of empathy), interpersonal (e.g., grandiosity), behavioral instability (e.g., impulsivity, poor behavioral controls), and social deviance (e.g., juvenile delinquency, criminal versatility). Several scholars have argued that early childhood maltreatment impacts the development of psychopathy, although views regarding its role in the four facets differ. We conducted a meta-analysis including 47 studies comprising a total of 349 effect sizes and 12,737 participants, to investigate the association between the four psychopathy facets and four types of child maltreatment: physical abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse.We found support for a moderate link between overall psychopathy and childhood physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect, as well as overall childhood maltreatment. The link between psychopathy and childhood sexual abuse was small, but still significant. These associations were stronger for the behavioral and antisocial facets than for the affective and interpersonal facets of psychopathy, but nearly all associations were significant. Our findings are consistent with recently developed theories on the role of complex trauma in the development of severe personality disorders. Trauma-focused preventive and therapeutic interventions can provide further tests of the trauma-psychopathy hypothesis.

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