scholarly journals The drug liking and craving questionnaire (DLCQ) to evaluate addiction risk for ketamine and esketamine

2021 ◽  
pp. 100018
Author(s):  
Jay Wang ◽  
Atul Khullar ◽  
Roger S. McIntyre ◽  
Jennifer Swainson
Keyword(s):  
Addiction Risk ◽  
Drug Liking

Arbeitssucht – Ätiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
M. Städele ◽  
S. Poppelreuter
Keyword(s):  
Work Addiction ◽  
Diagnostik Und Therapie ◽  
Addiction Risk ◽  
Diagnostische Probleme

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die aktuellen Erkenntnisse zur Arbeitssucht. Neben einer kurzen Eingrenzung des Störungsbildes bzw. der Symptomatik an sich werden diagnostische Probleme und Grenzen diskutiert. Ebenfalls werden zwei Verfahren zur Erfassung von Arbeitssucht vorgestellt: der Work Addiction Risk Test von Robinson und die Skala für Arbeitssucht von Schneider. Außerdem werden Maßnahmen zur Bewältigung von Arbeitssucht aufgezeigt, die sich auf einer individuellen, einer Arbeitgeber- und einer gesamtpolitischen Ebene einordnen lassen.

scholarly journals Opioid availability statistics from the International Narcotics Control Board do not reflect the medical use of opioids: comparison with sales data from Scandinavia

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Bäckryd ◽  
Markus Heilig ◽  
Mikael Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Control Board ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Sales Data ◽  
Narcotics Control ◽  
Addiction Risk ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Prescription Rates

Abstract Objectives Opioid analgesics are essential in clinical practice, but their excessive use is associated with addiction risk. Increases in opioid prescription rates have fuelled an epidemic of opioid addiction in the USA, making statistics on medical opioid use a critical warning signal. A dramatic 150% increase in Swedish opioid access 2001–2013 was recently reported based on data from the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB; Berterame et al. 2016) in conflict with other studies of opioid use in the Nordic countries. This article aims to analyse to what degree published INCB statistics on opioids in Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway and Sweden) reflect actual medical use and study the methodological reasons for putative discrepancies. Methods Data on aggregated total national sales of opioids for the whole population, including hospitals, were collected from the Swedish e-Health Authority. Total sales data for Denmark and drugs dispensed at pharmacies in Norway are publicly available through the relevant authorities’ websites. Results INCB opioid statistics during the period 2001–2013 were markedly inconsistent with sales data from Scandinavia, calling the reliability of INCB data into question. INCB-data were flawed by (a) over-representing the volume of fentanyl, (b) under-reporting of codeine, and (c) by not including tramadol. Conclusions Opioid availability, as expressed by INCB statistics, does not reflect medical opioid use. It is crucial to underline that INCB statistics are based on the manual compilation of national production, import and export data from manufacturers and drug companies. This is not the same amount that is prescribed and consumed within the health care system. Moreover, there are methodological problems in the INCB reports, in particular concerning fentanyl, codeine and tramadol. We suggest that INCB should carefully review the quality of their data on medical opioids.

scholarly journals Genetic susceptibility of opioid receptor genes polymorphism to drug addiction: A candidate-gene association study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laith N. AL-Eitan ◽  
Doaa M. Rababa’h ◽  
Mansour A. Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Addiction ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Candidate Gene Association Study ◽  
Candidate Gene Association ◽  
Addiction Risk ◽  
Arab Descent ◽  
Gene Association Study

Abstract Background Like other complex diseases including drug addiction, genetic factors can interfere with the disease. In this study, three opioid genes (OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1) were examined for an association with drug addiction among Jordanian males. Methods The study involved 498 addicts, in addition to 496 healthy controls and all from Arab descent. Results The findings in this study showed that rs1799971 of the OPRM1 gene was in association with drug addiction for both alleles and genotypes with P-values = 0.002 and 0.01, respectively. In addition, a significant association between the dominant model (A/A vs G/A-G/G) of rs1799971 (OPRM1) and drug addiction (P-value = 0.003, OR = 1.59 (1.17–2.15)) was detected. Moreover, a genetic haplotype (AGGGCGACCCC) of theOPRM1 gene revealed a significant association with drug addiction (P-value = 0.01, OR = 1.56 (1.15–2.12)). We also found that the age of addicts, smoking, and marital status with genetic variants within OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1 genes may be implicated in drug addiction risk. Conclusion We propose that rs1799971 of the OPRM1gene is a genetic risk factor for drug addiction among Jordanian males.

scholarly journals Irrational Beliefs and Social Adaptation of Online Sports Gamblers According to Addiction Level: A Comparative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4314
Author(s):  
Chul-Ho Bum ◽  
Chulhwan Choi ◽  
Kyongmin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Gambling Addiction ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Sports Gambling ◽  
Addiction Risk

The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences in psychological characteristics (i.e., irrational beliefs) and social adaptation according to a participant’s level of addiction to online sports gambling (i.e., non-problem, low-risk, moderate-risk, and high-risk gamblers). A survey was completed by participants of online sports gambling, aged 19 years or older; 291 completed questionnaires were obtained and analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). As results of this study, according to the level of addiction to online sports gambling, there were significant differences on people’s mental state and social adaptation. Specifically, the more people are attached to a group that is exposed to high gambling addiction risk, the more they tend to become irrational while gambling, adopt an overconfident viewpoint, and overestimate their techniques. Moreover, as addiction to online sports gambling worsens, adaptation problems begin to appear in their work and family lives. This study demonstrated that people who are addicted to online sports gambling tend to find difficulties in thinking reasonably and logically and struggle to lead normal lives. By raising awareness on online sports gambling addiction, this study could suggest a way out of the difficulty.

Genetic addiction risk score analysis: hypodopaminergic polymorphic risk alleles in polydrug addicted males and meso-limbic dopaminergic agonistic activation by neuroadaptagen amino-acid therapy

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 803-803
Author(s):  
K. Blum ◽  
E. Stice ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
J. Giordano ◽  
S. Morse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Heroin Addicts ◽  
Acid Therapy ◽  
Risk Alleles ◽  
Addiction Risk ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThere is a need to classify patients at genetic risk for drug seeking behavior prior to or upon entry to chemical dependency programs.MethodsThe prevalence of seven risk alleles (DRD2 = A1; SLC6A3 (DAT) = 10R; DRD4 = 3R or 7R; 5HTTLPR = L or LA; MAO = 3R; COMT = G) and corresponding severity risk score (Low (LS) = 1–36%, moderate (MS) = 37–50%, and high (HS) = 51–100%) were calculated. Group 1 consisted of 16 Caucasian male psycho-stimulant addicts, and Group 2 consisted of 10 Chinese male heroin addicts (9 were genotyped). qEEG and fMRI visualized the impact of Neuroadaptagen Amino-Acid Therapy complex on mesolimbic system activation.Results[Findings by Group]74% of the combined groups had a moderate to high genetic addiction risk score (GARS). One acute dose of KB220-IV variant in heroin addicts having brain abnormalities was found to normalize qEEG. Additionally, a randomized double-blind placebo controlled study involving oral KB220-Z variant established qEEG normalization of reward circuitry in abstinent psycho-stimulant abusers (P < 0.03).ConclusionsWe cautiously suggest that long-term activation of dopaminergic receptors will lead to D2 receptor proliferation and enhanced “dopamine sensitivity,” thus reducing aberrant craving behavior especially in carriers of the DRD2 A1 allele. Although supported by 20 clinical trials, KB220-Z awaits PET scanning to determine its chronic effects on D2 receptor numbers.

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