scholarly journals Vasopressin deficiency diminishes acute and long-term consequences of maternal deprivation in male rat pups

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 378-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dóra Zelena ◽  
Berhard Stocker ◽  
István Barna ◽  
Zsuzsanna E. Tóth ◽  
Gábor B. Makara
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Deprivation ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Long Term Consequences

scholarly journals Gender Differences Involved in the Pathophysiology of the Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Damage

2019 ◽  
pp. S207-S217
Author(s):  
S. MURDEN ◽  
V. BORBÉLYOVÁ ◽  
Z. LAŠTŮVKA ◽  
J. MYSLIVEČEK ◽  
J. OTÁHAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Hypoxia Ischemia ◽  
Long Term Consequences

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a neonatal condition that occurs as a consequence of perinatal asphyxia, which is caused by a number of factors, commonly via compression of the umbilical cord, placental abruption, severe meconium aspiration, congenital cardiac or pulmonary anomalies and birth trauma. Experimental studies have confirmed that male rat pups show a higher resistance to HIE treatment. Moreover, the long-term consequences of hypoxia in male are more severe in comparison to female rat pups. These sex differences can be attributed to the pathophysiology of hypoxia-ischemia, whereby studies are beginning to establish such gender-specific distinctions. The current and sole treatment for HIE is hypothermia, in which a reduction in temperature prevents long-term effects, such as cerebral palsy or seizures. However, in most cases hypothermia is not a sufficient treatment as indicated by a high mortality rate. In the present review, we discuss the gender differences within the pathophysiology of hypoxia-ischemia and delve into the role of gender in the incidence, progression and severity of the disease. Furthermore, this may result in the development of potential novel treatment approaches for targeting and preventing the long-term consequences of HIE.

scholarly journals Long-Term Consequences of Neonatal Rearing on Central Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Systems in Adult Male Rat Offspring

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 2192-2204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M Plotsky ◽  
K V Thrivikraman ◽  
Charles B Nemeroff ◽  
Christian Caldji ◽  
Shakti Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Adult Male Rat ◽  
Long Term Consequences

Long term metabolic impact of high protein neonatal feeding: A preliminary study in male rat pups born with a low birth weight

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloïse Delamaire ◽  
Patricia Parnet ◽  
Bérengère Coupé ◽  
Christine Hoebler ◽  
Sophie Blat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Preliminary Study

Chronic intermittent hypoxia reduces ventilatory long-term facilitation and enhances apnea frequency in newborn rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (4) ◽  
pp. R1356-R1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Julien ◽  
Aida Bairam ◽  
Vincent Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Long Term Facilitation

Ventilatory long-term facilitation (LTF; defined as gradual increase of minute ventilation following repeated hypoxic exposures) is well described in adult mammals and is hypothesized to be a protective mechanism against apnea. In newborns, LTF is absent during the first postnatal days, but its precise developmental pattern is unknown. Accordingly, this study describes this pattern of postnatal development. Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) from birth alters this development. LTF was estimated in vivo using whole body plethysmography by exposing rat pups at postnatal days 1, 4, and 10 (P1, P4, and P10) to 10 brief hypoxic cycles (nadir 5% O2) and respiratory recordings during the following 2 h (recovery, 21% O2). Under these conditions, ventilatory LTF (gradual increase of minute ventilation during recovery) was clearly expressed in P10 rats but not in P1 and P4. In a second series of experiments, rat pups were exposed to CIH during the first 10 postnatal days (6 brief cyclic exposures at 5% O2 every 6 min followed by 1 h under normoxia, 24 h a day). Compared with P10 control rats, CIH enhanced hypoxic ventilatory response (estimated during the hypoxic cycles) specifically in male rat pups. Ventilatory LTF was drastically reduced in P10 rats exposed to CIH, which was associated with higher apnea frequency during recovery. We conclude that CIH from birth enhances hypoxic chemoreflex and disrupts LTF development, thus likely contributing to increase apnea frequency.

Long-term Effects of Single or Multiple Neonatal Sevoflurane Exposures on Rat Hippocampal Ultrastructure

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levana G. Amrock ◽  
Mathew L. Starner ◽  
Kathy L. Murphy ◽  
Mark G. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Synaptic Loss ◽  
Rat Pups

Abstract Background: Neonatal exposure to general anesthetics may pose significant neurocognitive risk. Human epidemiological studies demonstrate higher rates of learning disability among children with multiple, but not single, exposures to anesthesia. The authors employ a rat model to provide a histological correlate for these population-based observations. The authors examined long-term differences in hippocampal synaptic density, mitochondrial density, and dendritic spine morphology. Methods: Twenty male rat pups (n = 5/condition) were exposed to 2.5% sevoflurane under one of four conditions: single 2-h exposure on postnatal day 7 (P7); single 6-h exposure on P7; repeated 2-h exposures on P7, P10, and P13 for a cumulative 6 h of general anesthetics; or control exposure to 30% oxygen on P7, P10, and P13. Results: Repeated exposure to general anesthetics resulted in greater synaptic loss relative to a single 2-h exposure (P < 0.001). The magnitude of synaptic loss induced by three 2-h exposures (1.977 ± 0.040 μm3 [mean ± SEM]) was more profound than that of a single 6-h exposure (2.280 ± 0.045 μm3, P = 0.022). Repeated exposures did not alter the distribution of postsynaptic density length, indicating a uniform pattern of loss across spine types. In contrast, mitochondrial toxicity was best predicted by the cumulative duration of exposure. Relative to control (0.595 ± 0.017), both repeated 2-h exposures (0.479 ± 0.015) and a single 6-h exposure (0.488 ± 0.013) were associated with equivalent reductions in the fraction of presynaptic terminals containing mitochondria (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This suggests a “threshold effect” for general anesthetic–induced neurotoxicity, whereby even brief exposures induce long-lasting alterations in neuronal circuitry and sensitize surviving synapses to subsequent loss.

Long-term consequences in model of mild perinatal hypoxic brain damage in albino rat pups

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. S712-S713 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Sukhanova ◽  
D. Khukhareva ◽  
E. Sebentsova ◽  
M. Vyssokikh ◽  
N. Levitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Brain Damage ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Hypoxic Brain Damage ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Hypoxic Brain ◽  
Long Term Consequences

Neurobehavioral and metabolic long-term consequences of neonatal maternal deprivation stress and adolescent olanzapine treatment in male and female rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 1332-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Llorente-Berzal ◽  
Virginia Mela ◽  
Erika Borcel ◽  
Manuel Valero ◽  
Meritxell López-Gallardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Deprivation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Olanzapine Treatment ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Long Term Consequences

scholarly journals Cortico-hippocampal morphology and behavioural indices improved in maternal deprivation model of schizophrenia following vitamin B complex supplementation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Olaiya Omotoso ◽  
Fatimah Adeola Abdulsalam ◽  
Nafisat Yetunde Mutholib ◽  
Abdulkabir Bature ◽  
Ismail Temitayo Gbadamosi
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Maternal Deprivation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Deprivation Model ◽  
Hippocampal Morphology ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

ABSTRACTMaternal deprivation (MD) during early life development has been documented to culminate in long-term alterations in brain function and behavioural manifestations that mimic schizophrenia. This study elucidated the putative neuroprotective roles of vitamin B complex in MD-induced behavioural and neurochemical modifications in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of Wistar rats. Rat pups were maternally deprived on postnatal day 9 for 24 hours and then treated with or without vitamin B complex for 15 days while a control group was undisturbed during the experimental period. The rats were then subjected to behavioural paradigms to measure memory indices and anxiety levels. The rats were sacrificed to obtain the PFC and hippocampus for histomorphological and biochemical analysis. Behavioural analysis of the animals revealed that MD induced a declination in long- and short-term memory in addition to anxiety-like behaviour in the open field test. Cortico-hippocampal histomorphology of these animals showed an increased astrocytic density and chromatolysis, which were accompanied by reduced levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes. Vitamin B complex mitigated MD-induced behavioural decline, histomorphological perturbation and oxidative stress by enhancing the intrinsic antioxidant defence, thereby culminating in nootropic behaviour and reduced anxiety. In conclusion, we confirmed the hypothesis that vitamin B complex is neuroprotective against neuropathological alterations induced by maternal deprivation.

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