Prompt transgression and gradual salinisation of the Black Sea during the early Holocene constrained by amino acid racemization and radiocarbon dating

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (27-28) ◽  
pp. 3769-3790 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Anthony Nicholas ◽  
Allan R. Chivas ◽  
Colin V. Murray-Wallace ◽  
David Fink
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Amino Acid Racemization

scholarly journals Timescale for Climatic Events of Subboreal/Subatlantic Transition Recorded at the Valakupiai Site, Lithuania

Radiocarbon ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 889-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Pawlyta ◽  
Algirdas Gaigalas ◽  
Adam Michczyński ◽  
Anna Pazdur ◽  
Aleksander Sanko
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Basal Part ◽  
Oxbow Lake ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mollusk Fauna ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Lake Deposits

Oxbow lake deposits of the Neris River at the Valakupiai site in Vilnius (Lithuania) have been studied by different methods including radiocarbon dating. A timescale was attained for the development of the oxbow lake and climatic events recorded in the sediments. 14C dates obtained for 24 samples cover the range 990–6500 BP (AD 580 to 5600 BC). Medieval human activity was found in the upper part of the sediments. Mollusk fauna found in the basal part of the terrace indicate contact between people living in the Baltic and the Black Sea basins. Mean rates were calculated for erosion of the river and for accumulation during the formation of the first terrace.

Clostridium durum, sp. nov., the predominant organism in a sediment core from the Black Sea

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1393-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis DS. Smith ◽  
Elizabeth P. Cato
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Core ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Microbiological Examination ◽  
Clostridial Species

Microbiological examination of a sediment core from the Black Sea showed 1320 viable organisms per gram at the surface, 630 per gram 5 cm below the surface, 760 per gram at the 10-cm level, and 700 per gram at the 20-cm level, which had been laid down about 400 years ago, according to radiocarbon dating. Many of the isolates belonged to known clostridial species, although most did not. The predominant organism found below the surface was an aerotolerant Clostridium, C.durum, sp. nov.

Was the Black Sea catastrophically flooded in the early Holocene?

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liviu Giosan ◽  
Florin Filip ◽  
Stefan Constatinescu
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
The Black Sea

scholarly journals The Holocene history of the NE Black Sea and surrounding areas: An integrated record of marine and terrestrial palaeoenvironmental change

The Holocene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Marret ◽  
Lee R Bradley ◽  
Pavel E Tarasov ◽  
Elena V Ivanova ◽  
Maria A Zenina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Pollen Record ◽  
Temperate Deciduous Forest ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Palaeoenvironmental Change

Here we present an almost complete and integrated Holocene record of marine and terrestrial palaeoenvironmental change from the NE shelf of the Black Sea. A dinoflagellate cyst record used to reconstruct Holocene sea-surface conditions highlights that the NE shelf was a brackish water environment, with a minimum salinity of 7 psu in the early-Holocene before changing at a gradual rate to a more saline environment with maximum salinities of ~18 psu being reached around 3 cal. ka. A warming phase was detected from 6 cal. ka BP, with warmest conditions between 3 and 2.5 cal. ka BP. A pollen record is used to examine the major climate and land-use changes in the eastern Black Sea region. Biome reconstructions show that the temperate deciduous forest dominates throughout the record, although with an overall decline. From early-Holocene to the first hiatus around ~9 cal. ka BP, Pinus pollen dominates, while taxa representing a mixed oak-hornbeam-beech forest are less abundant, indicating relatively cool and dry conditions. Between ~7.9 and ~6.1 cal. ka BP, a thermophilous deciduous forest established, suggesting an overall warming trend and humid conditions. From 4 cal. ka BP, Pinus dominates the pollen record, accompanied by an increase of herbs, implying an opening of the landscape, which would coincide with the beginning of the Meghalayan Age. The integrated record of the marine and terrestrial climate indicators supports the notion that this change in landscape may have been triggered by a combination of warmer and drier conditions and human activities in this region.

scholarly journals Origin, migration pathways, and paleoenvironmental significance of Holocene ostracod records from the northeastern Black Sea shelf

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Zenina ◽  
Elena V. Ivanova ◽  
Lee R. Bradley ◽  
Ivar O. Murdmaa ◽  
Eugene I. Schornikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Modern Species ◽  
Migration Pathways ◽  
Ostracod Species

AbstractMicropaleontological studies of the Black Sea, including ostracod records, have suggested that early Holocene salinity values were between ~5 and 10 practical salinity units (psu), contrasting with present values of 18–22 psu. However, more precise paleoenvironmental reconstructions based on ostracod assemblages require additional information related to their modern ecological affinities. This study uses modern species information collected from samples with living fauna to interpret the fossil Holocene assemblages of two sediment cores, Ak-2575 and Ak-521, collected from the northeastern outer shelf of the Black Sea. A total of 37 ostracod species are recorded in the fossil assemblages, with 2 related to freshwater/oligohaline environments, 23 from Caspian-type environments, and 12 from environments similar to the Mediterranean. Three distinct assemblage zones are identified from the Caspian type dominating in the early Holocene up to 7.4 cal ka BP, a mixed assemblage of Caspian type and Mediterranean type from 7.4 to 6.8 cal ka BP, and a progressive dominance of Mediterranean species from 6.8 cal ka BP. It is very likely that the dominant control of ostracod species occurrence during the period up to ~6.8 cal ka BP is salinity. A range of factors including temperature, biotope, and sedimentation rates influenced the species distribution over the last 6.8 cal ka BP.

scholarly journals Late Pleistocene to Recent ostracod assemblages from the western Black Sea

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Boomer ◽  
Francois Guichard ◽  
Gilles Lericolais
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Sea Levels

Abstract. During the last glacial phase the Black Sea basin was isolated from the world's oceans due to the lowering of global sea-levels. As sea-levels rose during the latest glacial and early Holocene period, the Black Sea was once again connected to the eastern Mediterranean via the Dardanelles–Marmara–Bosporus seaway. In recent years, trace element and stable isotope analyses of ostracod assemblages have yielded important details regarding the hydrological evolution of the Black Sea during these events. Despite this focus on the geochemical signatures of the ostracods, little if any attention has been paid to the taxonomic composition of the ostracod assemblages themselves and there are notably few publications on the sub-littoral fauna of this important water body. We present a summary of the most abundant ostracod taxa of the Black Sea during the late glacial to early Holocene phase (dominated by the Candonidae, Leptocytheridae and Loxoconchidae) and chart their response to the subsequent environmental changes in the early Holocene with the pre-connection, low salinity ‘lacustrine’ fauna being replaced by one with a more Mediterranean aspect. Many of these taxa are illustrated using SEM for the first time, providing an important initial step in establishing taxonomic stability within Black Sea ostracod studies and noting faunal similarities with neighbouring areas, such as the Caspian Sea.

Early Holocene Marine Flooding of the Black Sea

2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elazar Uchupi ◽  
David A. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
Bottom Currents ◽  
Continental Rise ◽  
Catastrophic Flood ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Echo Sounding

Echo-sounding data recorded in the Black Sea in 1969 imaged a chain of hills 5- to 150-m high at a depth of 2000–2200 m that resemble hills on the lower continental rise. Like those hills, the features in the western Black Sea may have been created by bottom currents. The easterly flowing currents inferred to have formed the hills may be related to a catastrophic flood of the Black Sea from the Sea of Marmara 7150 yr ago.

Glacial Lowstand Deposits on the Outer Continental Shelf of Southeastern Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie A. Ferland ◽  
Peter S. Roy ◽  
Colin V. Murray-Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Outer Continental Shelf ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Amino Acid Racemization ◽  
The Core ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Water Depths

AbstractVibracores collected from water depths of 130 to 150 m on the outer continental shelf of southeastern Australia contain evidence for several cycles of shallow marine deposition. One of these vibracores (112/VC/134; lat. 33°24′S, long, 151°58′ E) preserves evidence for the last three glacial lowstands, as inferred from radiocarbon dating, amino acid racemization, and fossil mollusc assemblages. The core contains the inner-shelf molluscs Pecten fumatus, Placamen placidium, and Tawera gallinula, which today live in water depths of 10 to 50 m, in the cool waters of southern Australia. Radiocarbon dating and amino acid racemization analyses on multiple valves of P. fumatus in the core indicate three distinct age groupings of fossil molluscs: (1) those younger than 20,000 yr B.P., (2) those with minimum ages of about 100,000 yr, and (3) those with minimum ages of about 200,000 yr. We assign these sediments to oxygen isotope stages 2, 6, and 8, respectively. The core contains the first shallow-marine lowstand deposits to be recovered from the shelf of eastern Australia. These deposits constrain the last three glacial lowstands on this margin to water depths <130 m below present sea level.

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