Sinop İli Su Ürünleri Üretiminin Mevcut Durumu ve Türkiye Su Ürünleri Üretimindeki Yeri

In the present study, the production amount in the last five years (2015-2019) of Sinop province, which is located in the Black Sea Region and a significant part of fisheries production is carried out, was evaluated. For this purpose; Sinop Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry and TUIK (Turkish Statistical Institute) data were used. There are 2.326 commercial fishermen and 444 fishing boats in Sinop province. In the sea area of Sinop, 5 enterprises still produce culture fish in cages. The 2 potential marine culture areas identified in Sinop have an annual production capacity of 32.430 tons (31 enterprises). In addition, 5 bivalves (4.940 tons/year) and 1.000.000 number/year capacity juvenile fish production facilities are at the project stage. The total fisheries production of Sinop Province in 2019 was 34.620,9 tons, and 1.505 tons were obtained from aquaculture. In addition to these, 3.924 tons of fish processing facilities per year, and 35 tons of fish meal and oil processing facilities per year are operated. 66% of sea fish caught in Sinop are anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus ponticus), 16% sprat (Sprattus sprattus phalericus), 13% horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), 3% bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) and 2% consists of other species. The most preferred marine fish by the consumers are anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus ponticus), horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), whiting (Merlangus merlangus), red mullet (Mullus barbatus), bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix), turbot (Psetta maxima) and bonito (Sarda sarda) and sea bream (Sparus aurata), sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) are the culture fish species offered for sale throughout the year.

Assessment of infection of hamsa Engraulis encrasicolus nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum in the Sea of Azov in the summer and autumn periods 2015-2020

The dynamics of infection of anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus Linnaeus, 1758 with nematode parasite Hysterothylacium aduncum Rudolphi, 1802 in the Sea of Azov during the summer seasons of 2015 and 2017-2020 and autumn seasons of 2017-2020 is analyzed. To specify the scheme of infestation, the division of nematodes into living and degenerating ones was used. The degenerating specimens were attributed to three stages of destruction. The infection rate was estimated by using of the common parasitological indices (prevalence of infection, intensity values, abundance of larvae). Statistical analysis of data obtained in the process of the research was conducted using Spearman’s rank correlation.

Temporal and spatial genetic variation of Engraulis encrasicolus in the Adriatic Sea

Small pelagic fish play a key role in the marine ecosystem, controlling predator abundance and regulating primary production rates by foraging on plankton. Alterations induced at different ecological levels by fishing activities and/or environmental changes are affecting the reproductive success of several small pelagics, including European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), which is a major target of Adriatic mid-water trawl and purse-seine fisheries. In this study, we evaluated short-term genetic changes of the species in the Adriatic Sea by applying molecular markers in three generations samples of European anchovy. Thirteen polymorphic microsatellite markers and a mitochondrial gene were used in cohorts of adults and larvae, collected at three sites in the north-east, central and southern Adriatic Sea in 2015. Furthermore, temporal and spatial genetic variation was assessed by comparing the dataset above with a sample of adult anchovy collected in 2012 at three sites close to those sampled in 2015. Expected heterozygosity was higher in adults than in larvae, suggesting a loss of genetic diversity and uneven reproduction. In addition, comparison of the two datasets demonstrated a change in the anchovy population structure from 2012 to 2015. In the reproductive event of 2015, this change led the two main genetic stocks described in the Adriatic Sea to merge into one. We suggest that the population structure of European anchovy in the north-eastern Adriatic may be influenced by changes in environmental parameters and by periodic alterations in the temporal pattern of population connectivity.

Рыболовство в условиях климатических изменений: динамика состава и структуры уловов в российской части Чёрного моря в XXI веке

В настоящее время экосистема Чёрного моря претерпевает существенные изменения, что закономерно отражается на динамике элементов уловов рыб. Главными причинами изменения ихтиофауны Чёрного моря считаются: рыболовство, антропогенное загрязнение вод, вселение новых видов, влияние крупномасштабных климатических и связанных с ними океанологических и гидрологических процессов на показатели урожайности промысловых рыб. Без понимания закономерностей воздействия этих факторов на ихтиофауну невозможны рациональное использование биоресурсов и охрана природы. Целью работы было изучить влияние потепления климата на состав и структуру уловов в российской части Чёрного моря в XXI веке. Авторы использовали: результаты собственных ихтиологических наблюдений; опубликованные данные о составе черноморских уловов; информацию, доступную на официальных сайтах Минсельхоза РФ, Росрыболовства и его Азово-Черноморского территориального управления. Выполнен анализ влияния процессов глобального потепления на результаты рыболовства в российской части Чёрного моря. Показано, что в XXI веке возросла доля теплолюбивых рыб, нерест которых происходит летом: хамсы Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758), барабули Mullus barbatus Linnaeus, 1758 и ставриды Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868). Установлено, что динамика ихтиофауны в регионе определяется как минимум четырьмя процессами, сопряжёнными с потеплением вод: улучшением условий воспроизводства и роста выживаемости икры и молоди теплолюбивых видов; изменением внутривидовой структуры; вселением и натурализацией видов из Средиземного моря с последующим изменением характера пищевых взаимоотношений внутри экосисемы; концентрацией холодолюбивых видов на больших глубинах. Сделан вывод о необходимости тщательного изучения влияния потепления вод Чёрного моря в целях долгосрочного прогнозирования состояния сырьевой базы рыбной промышленности черноморского бассейна России.

Stock Identification of Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) by Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) of Morphometric Characters in The North of Atlantic and Mediterranean Moroccan Coasts

The European anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a small pelagic fish found in the eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea. Anchovy (E. encrasicolus) are among the important finfishes harvested in Moroccan coasts. The stock structure of European anchovy in NW Africa is not truly known (FAO, 2013). To effectively manage the anchovy fisheries, it is important to understand the anchovy stock structure. Therefore, discriminant function analysis (DFA) based on morphometric characters was conducted on a total of 204 adult anchovy specimens, seasonally collected by commercial fishing vessels from the region of Mehdia in the North Atlantic area and from the region of M’diq in the Mediterranean coast during the year 2019. Body shape variation, which is often environmentally induced, may provide a good record population structuring. Our data were subjected to univariate statistics of variance (ANOVA) by using SPSS 20 software version. The morphometric characteristics show a separation of two stocks of Engraulis encrasicolus between the two localities. These findings will have major implications for anchovy fisheries management in Morocco.