Study on deposition kinetics of high-K materials by X-ray fluorescence techniques

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1183-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Carpanese ◽  
Barbara Crivelli ◽  
Massimo Caniatti
Keyword(s):  
X Ray ◽  
Deposition Kinetics ◽  
Fluorescence Techniques ◽  
High K ◽  
High K Materials ◽  
Kinetics Of

Application of a Thermobalance for studying Deposition kinetics of Diamond Films

1989 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Czarnecki ◽  
David Thumim
Keyword(s):  
Diamond Films ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Deposition Kinetics ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
Hot Filament ◽  
Kinetics Of

ABSTRACTWeight recording using a thermobalance type Cahn TG-171 has been applied to study Hot, Filament Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (HFCVD) of carbon films from methane. Changes in the deposition rates during each individual process may indicate four stages of the deposition kinetics: 1- generation of nuclei (slow, linear); 2- growth on nuclei (exponential increase); 3- aggregation of crystals (slowing); 4- growth on the surface of diamond film, completely covering the substrate (linear). An attempt to determine the concentration of graphite in the deposited layer, based on differences in oxidation rates of diamond and graphite has been proposed, as supplementary to X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy.

X-Ray Characterization of the Lattice Perfection of Heteroepitaxial SIS Structures

2007 ◽  
Vol 131-133 ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Zaumseil ◽  
G. Weidner ◽  
T. Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Structural Defects ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
Type B ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High K ◽  
Cap Layer ◽  
High K Materials

The crystallographic structure of semiconductor - insulator - semiconductor (SIS) structures consisting of a Si(111) substrate, Pr2O3 and Y2O3 insulating high-k materials, and Si cap layer was characterized by a combination of X-ray pole figure measurement and conventional X-ray diffraction. Oxide and Si cap layer were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and have the same 111 lattice orientation as the substrate. It is shown that the oxide layers grow in a type B stacking orientation only, while the epi-layer exhibits exclusively the same type A orientation as the substrate. A small fraction of the epi-Si lattice was identified with 511 netplanes parallel to the surface. TEM investigations identify these areas as structural defects between Si grains of differing stacking sequence.

In situ Time-Resolved Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Reveals the Formation Kinetics of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Jeffrey Ting ◽  
Siqi Meng ◽  
Matthew Tirrell
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Ray Scattering

We have directly observed the <i>in situ</i> self-assembly kinetics of polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) micelles by synchrotron time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering, equipped with a stopped-flow device that provides millisecond temporal resolution. This work has elucidated one general kinetic pathway for the process of PEC micelle formation, which provides useful physical insights for increasing our fundamental understanding of complexation and self-assembly dynamics driven by electrostatic interactions that occur on ultrafast timescales.

scholarly journals Stable and Metastable Phase Equilibria Involving the Cu6Sn5 Intermetallic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Leineweber ◽  
M. Löffler ◽  
S. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Metastable Phase ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Ordered Phases ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Cu6Sn5 intermetallic occurs in the form of differently ordered phases η, η′ and η′′. In solder joints, this intermetallic can undergo changes in composition and the state of order without or while interacting with excess Cu and excess Sn in the system, potentially giving rise to detrimental changes in the mechanical properties of the solder. In order to study such processes in fundamental detail and to get more detailed information about the metastable and stable phase equilibria, model alloys consisting of Cu3Sn + Cu6Sn5 as well as Cu6Sn5 + Sn-rich melt were heat treated. Powder x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy supplemented by electron backscatter diffraction were used to investigate the structural and microstructural changes. It was shown that Sn-poor η can increase its Sn content by Cu3Sn precipitation at grain boundaries or by uptake of Sn from the Sn-rich melt. From the kinetics of the former process at 513 K and the grain size of the η phase, we obtained an interdiffusion coefficient in η of (3 ± 1) × 10−16 m2 s−1. Comparison of this value with literature data implies that this value reflects pure volume (inter)diffusion, while Cu6Sn5 growth at low temperature is typically strongly influenced by grain-boundary diffusion. These investigations also confirm that η′′ forming below a composition-dependent transus temperature gradually enriches in Sn content, confirming that Sn-poor η′′ is metastable against decomposition into Cu3Sn and more Sn-rich η or (at lower temperatures) η′. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Kinetics of Network Formation and Heterogeneous Dynamics of an Egg White Gel Revealed by Coherent X-Ray Scattering

2021 ◽  
Vol 126 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafisa Begam ◽  
Anastasia Ragulskaya ◽  
Anita Girelli ◽  
Hendrik Rahmann ◽  
Sivasurender Chandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Formation ◽  
Egg White ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Heterogeneous Dynamics ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Ray Scattering

Study on Adsorption of Crosslinked Starch Microspheres towards Heavy Metal Ions

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 531-535
Author(s):  
Li Yan Yang ◽  
Yi Hui Guo ◽  
Li Li Yu ◽  
Jing You
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Adsorption Rate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Adsorption Selectivity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Starch Microsphere ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Effects Of Media ◽  
Kinetics Of

A type of cross-linking starch microsphere (CSMs) has been synthesized via reversed phase suspension method. Crosslinked starch microsphere has good adsorption performance to metal ions in water. The adsorption kinetics of Co (II) on the CSMs, selectivity of adsorption CSMs towards Co (II),Cu (II),Pb (II),Cd (II) and adsorption effects of media towards Co (II) were investigated. The CSMs and its adsorption product were comparatively characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that The adsorption rate is mainly controlled by liquid film diffusion, and the constant of adsorption rate is 0.0686min-1 at 308K. The crystal structure of the CSMs decreased greatly after the incorporation of Co (II). Co (II) has better adsorption selectivity on CSMs. Ions coexist and other substances in the solution have certain impact on adsorption. Those data are helpful for treatment of the wastewater containing heavy ions.

Efficient adsorption of chlorpyrifos onto modified activated carbon by gamma irradiation; a plausible adsorption mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Yahia ◽  
Ahmed S. Elzaref ◽  
Magdy B. Awad ◽  
Ahmed M. Tony ◽  
Ahmed S. Elfeky
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Area Measurement ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Commercial Granulated Active Carbon (GAC) has been modified using 10 Gy dose Gamma irradiation (GAC10 Gy) for increasing its ability of air purification. Both, the raw and treated samples were applied for removing Chlorpyrifos pesticide (CPF) from ambient midair. Physicochemical properties of the two materials were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. The phase formation and microstructure were monitored using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), supported with Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The Surface area measurement was detected using BET particle size prosometry. Obtained outcomes showed that, the maximum adsorption capacity, given by Langmuir equations, was greatly increased from 172.712 to 272.480 mg/g for GAC and GAC10 Gy, respectively, with high selectivity. The overall removal efficiency of GAC10 Gy was notably comparable to that of the original GAC-sorbent. The present study indicated that, gamma irradiation could be a promising technique for treating GAC and turned it more active in eliminating the pesticides pollutants from surrounding air. The data of equilibrium has been analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich models, that were considerably better suited for the investigated materials than other models. The process kinetics of CPF adsorbed onto both tested carbon versions were found to obey the pseudo first order at all concentrations with an exception at 70 mg/l using GAC, where, the spontaneous exothermic adsorption of Chlorpyrifos is a strong function for the pseudo-first order (PFO) and pseudo second order (PSO) kinetics.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal Ageing and Its Effect on Fracture Load of Zirconia Dental Implants

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3103
Author(s):  
Laurent Gremillard ◽  
Agnès Mattlet ◽  
Alexandre Mathevon ◽  
Damien Fabrègue ◽  
Bruno Zberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Dental Ceramics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dental Restorations ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Kinetics Of

Due to growing demand for metal-free dental restorations, dental ceramics, especially dental zirconia, represent an increasing share of the dental implants market. They may offer mechanical performances of the same range as titanium ones. However, their use is still restricted by a lack of confidence in their durability and, in particular, in their ability to resist hydrothermal ageing. In the present study, the ageing kinetics of commercial zirconia dental implants are characterized by X-ray diffraction after accelerated ageing in an autoclave at different temperatures, enabling their extrapolation to body temperature. Measurements of the fracture loads show no effect of hydrothermal ageing even after ageing treatments simulated a 90-year implantation.

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