scholarly journals Field Approach to the Word-Formation Category of Gothic Abstract Nouns

2015 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 344-352
Author(s):  
Irina V. Novitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Field Approach ◽  
Abstract Nouns

LEXICOGRAPHICAL PORTRAIT OF THE LEXEME «POGRYAZNUT’» (X - XVII CENTURIES)

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Е.Ю. Долгова
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language

Статья посвящена описанию глагола «погрязнуть» по лексикографическим источникам, фиксирующим словарный состав русского языка X - XVII вв. В работе используется метод лингвистического портретирования, позволяющий объединить данные этимологических и исторических словарей и увидеть динамику развития семантического, словообразовательного, сочетаемостного и стилистического потенциала языковой единицы в диахронии. В статье подробно изложены материалы этимологических и исторических словарей русского языка, приведены и описаны многочисленные варианты употребления имперфектива грязнуть и перфектива погрязнуть, зафиксированные в словарях, содержащих лексику древнерусского и старорусского периодов: гр#зъти, гр#зhти, гр#зити, гр#знqти, погрязати - погр#зти, погр#зити, погр#знqти. Установлено, что в древнерусском языке глагол гр#зноути (гр`t#знuти) имел прямое номинативное значение «погружаться, тонуть» и редко употреблялся в памятниках письменности. Многозначным и наиболее частотным был положительный, результативный член глагольной видовой пары перфектив погрязнуть (погр#зноути). В статье приведены все лексико-семантические варианты глагола и примеры словоупотреблений, зафиксированные в словарях, отражающих лексику X - XVII веков. В статье приведены синонимы и многочисленные дериваты глагола погрязнуть , в том числе рассмотрена семантика абстрактных существительных, образованных от глагола погрязнуть ( погрязение, погрязнение, погрязновение ) и отражающих влияние церковнославянского языка на книжно-письменный литературный язык древнерусского и старорусского периодов. Лексикографический портрет лексемы погрязнуть проявляет неоднозначность в трактовке некоторых значений в разные исторические периоды. Проведенный анализ позволяет сравнить значения лексемы, увидеть их отличительные особенности и сделать вывод о существовании самостоятельных стереотипных образов, существующих в сознании носителей языка в X - XVII веках. The article is devoted to the description of the verb "to wallow" from lexicographic sources that fix the vocabulary of the Russian language of the X - XVII centuries. The method of linguistic portraiture is used to combine data from etymological and historical dictionaries and see the dynamics of the development of the semantic, word-formation and stylistic potential of the language unit in the diachrony. The article details the materials of etymological and historical dictionaries of the Russian language, presents and describes numerous variants of the use of an imperfective “gryaznut’” and a perfective “pogryaznut’”, recorded in dictionaries containing the vocabulary of the Russian language of the X - XVII centuries. It has been established that in the ancient Russian language, the imperfective “gryaznut’” had a direct nominative meaning of "dive, sink" and was rarely used in monuments of writing. The multi-valued and most frequency used was the positive, effective perfective “pogryaznut’”. The article presents all lexical and semantic variants of the verb and examples of word usage recorded in dictionaries that reflect the vocabulary of the X - XVII centuries. The article presents synonyms and numerous derivatives of the verb, including the semantics of abstract nouns formed from the verb “pogryaznut’” and reflecting the influence of the Church Slavonic language on the book-written literary language of the old Russian period. The lexicographic portrait of the lexeme “pogryaznut’” shows ambiguity in the interpretation of certain meanings in different historical periods. The analysis allows us to compare the meanings of the lexeme, see their distinctive features and conclude that there are independent stereotypical images that exist in the minds of native speakers in the X - XVII centuries.

scholarly journals ABSTRACT DEVERBAL FORMATIONS WITH BASES OF GREEK ORIGIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Nataliya SOTIROVA-MILCHEVA
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Morphological Adaptation ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Special Category

The object of analysis here are the deverbal abstract nouns with roots of Greek origin and Bulgarian suffix. Most of them are motivated by fully adapted verbs borrowed from Greek and of particular interest from the perspective of word formation are the secondary derivatives formed from denominative verbs motivated by Greek nous and adjectives. The transformation of borrowed words into productive bases, which are combined with local word-forming suffixes, is the final stage of the complex process of lexical borrowing, which follows the stage of morphological adaptation of borrowed words, i. e. their grouping into a certain lexical-grammatical type. Many of them have formed large groups of derivatives. Being composed of elements of different languages, the new lexemes are hybrid in nature regarding their word-formation and their separation into a special category reflects the new status of the Greek bases of the borrowings. The hybrid formations of this type are the final result of the assimilation of the Greek loan words into the Bulgarian language, which is why they occupy a specific position in the Bulgarian lexical und. The use of some of them is dialect or archaic, but they all contribute to the enrichment of the vocabulary and the ways of expression in Bulgarian.

scholarly journals Nationally marked neolexemes in T. Melnychuk’s poetry (structural-semantic aspect)

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Folk Song ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Semantic Aspect ◽  
Individual Style

The article studies the individual authorial neologisms in T. Melnychuk’s linguistic world. A structural-semantic analysis of the neolexemes that have a national-cultural colouring is given. The main attention is paid to the examples of noun word formation as a powerful corpus of the poet’s lexical neologisms. Occasional diminutive innovations with a folk-based component in their stem are outlined. It is established that the diminutive lexemes are actively formed by the suffix formants -ат(а), -ят(к)(о, а), -оньк(о), -еньк(о), -ен(ят)(а), -ен(ятк)(о), by means of which nouns denoting the state of being not fully grown are made. The author consciously breaks word formation rules and combines the above suffixes with motivating nouns that denote lifeless thing, thus making occasional words (бриндушата, калинята, скибенята). This way the poet spiritualises his images, which is a characteristic feature of folk songs. The formation of certain lexical innovations (горенятко, снігурчата) is studied, whose derivational direction can only be defined via context. Diminutives are found in compound nouns formed by combining a numeral and a noun denoting a typical folk stylised linguistic pet form. At the level of expressive word formation, the artist forms compound words in pet forms of negatively connotated abstract nouns (трижурбонька, трилишенько etc). Juxtaposite innovations are proved to be active word formative means in the author’s linguistic world, among them hendiadys forms (казочка-перев’язочка, колисонька-висонька etc), whose specific modelling in folk song tradition is a specific feature of lullabies. It is shown that active use of ethnocultural linguistic signs, making them more structurally and semanticaly complex, their modern combination and interpretation form the main feature of T. Melnychuk’s individual style.

Word formation in diachrony

2021 ◽  
pp. 383-473
Author(s):  
Martin Maiden ◽  
Adina Dragomirescu ◽  
Gabriela Pană Dindelegan ◽  
Oana Uță Bărbulescu ◽  
Rodica Zafiu
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Compound Nouns ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
History Of

How are affixes structured and segmented? What is the range of diminutive and augmentative suffixes? What suffixes are ethnic and agentive in Romanian? How do suffixes mark distinctions of sex? What suffixes mark abstract nouns, adjectives, and verbs? What are the prefixes of Romanian? What is the nature of Romanian prefixoids and suffixoids? How are compound nouns, adjectives, and verbs formed? What is the morphological history of numerals?

The Suffixes -ismus and -ita in Nouns in Czech

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-195
Author(s):  
Magda Ševčˇíková
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Mutual Relations

This chapter documents the interplay between borrowing and word formation on the example of the suffixes -ismus and -ita, which are listed among the most common suffixes in loan nouns in Czech. The suffixes are both used to form abstract nouns but differ in many aspects. The suffix -ismus combines with bases that form larger derivational families than those of -ita but still most nouns in -ita share their root with several other derivatives, too. By analysing selected derivatives and their mutual relations across a large amount of derivational families, the study demonstrates that the size and inner structure of derivational families can provide significant knowledge about the meaning of the formations analysed. The meanings of the suffixes are described by patterns which involve the most relevant derivatives with explicitly marked derivational relations. Using the patterns, it is possible to explain semantic nuances that have not been described with loan words in Czech so far.

Word-Formation in the World's Languages

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavol Stekauer ◽  
Salvador Valera ◽  
Livia Kortvelyessy
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation

Are Emotions Abstract or Concrete?

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Xu ◽  
Chunyan Kang ◽  
Kaia Sword ◽  
Taomei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
N400 Amplitude ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Concrete Nouns ◽  
Emotion Concepts ◽  
Healthy Participants

Abstract. The ability to identify and communicate emotions is essential to psychological well-being. Yet research focusing exclusively on emotion concepts has been limited. This study examined nouns that represent emotions (e.g., pleasure, guilt) in comparison to nouns that represent abstract (e.g., wisdom, failure) and concrete entities (e.g., flower, coffin). Twenty-five healthy participants completed a lexical decision task. Event-related potential (ERP) data showed that emotion nouns elicited less pronounced N400 than both abstract and concrete nouns. Further, N400 amplitude differences between emotion and concrete nouns were evident in both hemispheres, whereas the differences between emotion and abstract nouns had a left-lateralized distribution. These findings suggest representational distinctions, possibly in both verbal and imagery systems, between emotion concepts versus other concepts, implications of which for theories of affect representations and for research on affect disorders merit further investigation.

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