scholarly journals Word-formation Types of the Old Germanic Abstract Nouns: Onomasiological and Cognitive Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
Irina V. Novitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Abstract Nouns

LEXICOGRAPHICAL PORTRAIT OF THE LEXEME «POGRYAZNUT’» (X - XVII CENTURIES)

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Е.Ю. Долгова
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Slavonic Language ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Russian Language

Статья посвящена описанию глагола «погрязнуть» по лексикографическим источникам, фиксирующим словарный состав русского языка X - XVII вв. В работе используется метод лингвистического портретирования, позволяющий объединить данные этимологических и исторических словарей и увидеть динамику развития семантического, словообразовательного, сочетаемостного и стилистического потенциала языковой единицы в диахронии. В статье подробно изложены материалы этимологических и исторических словарей русского языка, приведены и описаны многочисленные варианты употребления имперфектива грязнуть и перфектива погрязнуть, зафиксированные в словарях, содержащих лексику древнерусского и старорусского периодов: гр#зъти, гр#зhти, гр#зити, гр#знqти, погрязати - погр#зти, погр#зити, погр#знqти. Установлено, что в древнерусском языке глагол гр#зноути (гр`t#знuти) имел прямое номинативное значение «погружаться, тонуть» и редко употреблялся в памятниках письменности. Многозначным и наиболее частотным был положительный, результативный член глагольной видовой пары перфектив погрязнуть (погр#зноути). В статье приведены все лексико-семантические варианты глагола и примеры словоупотреблений, зафиксированные в словарях, отражающих лексику X - XVII веков. В статье приведены синонимы и многочисленные дериваты глагола погрязнуть , в том числе рассмотрена семантика абстрактных существительных, образованных от глагола погрязнуть ( погрязение, погрязнение, погрязновение ) и отражающих влияние церковнославянского языка на книжно-письменный литературный язык древнерусского и старорусского периодов. Лексикографический портрет лексемы погрязнуть проявляет неоднозначность в трактовке некоторых значений в разные исторические периоды. Проведенный анализ позволяет сравнить значения лексемы, увидеть их отличительные особенности и сделать вывод о существовании самостоятельных стереотипных образов, существующих в сознании носителей языка в X - XVII веках. The article is devoted to the description of the verb "to wallow" from lexicographic sources that fix the vocabulary of the Russian language of the X - XVII centuries. The method of linguistic portraiture is used to combine data from etymological and historical dictionaries and see the dynamics of the development of the semantic, word-formation and stylistic potential of the language unit in the diachrony. The article details the materials of etymological and historical dictionaries of the Russian language, presents and describes numerous variants of the use of an imperfective “gryaznut’” and a perfective “pogryaznut’”, recorded in dictionaries containing the vocabulary of the Russian language of the X - XVII centuries. It has been established that in the ancient Russian language, the imperfective “gryaznut’” had a direct nominative meaning of "dive, sink" and was rarely used in monuments of writing. The multi-valued and most frequency used was the positive, effective perfective “pogryaznut’”. The article presents all lexical and semantic variants of the verb and examples of word usage recorded in dictionaries that reflect the vocabulary of the X - XVII centuries. The article presents synonyms and numerous derivatives of the verb, including the semantics of abstract nouns formed from the verb “pogryaznut’” and reflecting the influence of the Church Slavonic language on the book-written literary language of the old Russian period. The lexicographic portrait of the lexeme “pogryaznut’” shows ambiguity in the interpretation of certain meanings in different historical periods. The analysis allows us to compare the meanings of the lexeme, see their distinctive features and conclude that there are independent stereotypical images that exist in the minds of native speakers in the X - XVII centuries.

Teaching Turkic-speaking school students the morphemic structure of the word in the Russian language classes: ethno-cognitive approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Elena A. Zheleznyakova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Word Structure ◽  
Language Classes ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Group Words ◽  
Linguistic Material

In a modern Russian school, together with Russian-speaking school students, children of migrants study, for most of whom are native Turkic languages. For foreigners, traditional lessons should be supplemented with corrective lessons in Russian as a non-native language, the effectiveness of which will be high provided that an ethno-cognitive approach to teaching is followed. Learning the morphemic structure of a word based on an ethno-cognitive approach is the subject of this study. The aim is to develop methodic recommendations based on the analysis of the features of the morphemic structure of Turkic words, to identify possible difficulties in mastering the morphemic structure of the Russian word by Turkic-speaking students, and to highlight methods and techniques based on the principles of consciousness and the development of students’ cognitive abilities. Two main difficulties in the field of the morphemic word structure for foreign children are highlighted: Russian inflection and morphological ways of word formation: prefix and prefix-suffix. When working with these topics, the teacher should develop students’ ability to think analytically, comparing and identifying the essential features of a linguistic phenomenon, make assumptions and find confirmation for them. Mastering inflection will be more effective if you group words thematically, work according to ready-made patterns and models of inflection, increase the number of tasks “for substitution” and “for replacement”. The following stages of work on concepts are substantiated: analysis of linguistic material and highlighting the main fea-tures of a concept; generalization of signs, establishing a connection between them and introducing the desired term; concretization of concepts based on new linguistic material.

scholarly journals Cognitive Approach to Word Formation

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Lina Inčiuraitė
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Cognitive Grammar ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Linguistic Unit ◽  
Cognitive Semantic ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
Derivational Morphemes

Structural approach to word formation in Lithuanian is still dominant, meanwhile cognitive insights have not been applied yet. The object of this paper is the aspects of cognitive grammar to word formation. In the article, cognitive semantic notions and their application to the morphological analysis of cognitive grammar are introduced.In the cognitive theory of grammar, symbolicity plays a significant role. The essence of cognitive grammar is based on the idea that language units are bipolar language signs. A linguistic unit consists of phonological and semantic poles which are linked by a symbolic structure.A category is a network of meanings of a derivational morpheme, which, as in the case of lexical category, is structured in terms of prototype and periphery. The prototype of a category is considered to be the most typical member, whereas other senses of the prototype comprise the periphery.Morphological expressions are closely related to each other and comprise cognitive domains. A domain is perceived as knowledge in terms of which derivational morphemes can be interpreted.Compositionality is a process when the composite structure is determined by the meanings of its constituents. This process plays an integral part in understanding the senses of new morphological expressions. Full and partial compositionality types are typical of morphological expressions. In compounding, full compositionality is endocentric, meanwhile partial compositionality is exocentric.A large number of units are pertinent to each other by schema and instance relations. A schema is defined as a general model made of instances. The schema reflects the general meaning of instances. Due to further elaboration the instance becomes a basis for a new schema and its elaborating elements become new instances.

scholarly journals Lexical Organization and Access: A Developmental Cognitive Approach to the Acquisition of Morphology

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Noureddine Kahlaoui
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Lexical Organization ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Morphological System

<p><em>The present paper represents a further step in the work of Kahlaoui (2000) on lexical organization and access. It was argued in this paper that the distinction between regular and irregular morphology is counter cognitive as it deprives a good deal of the lexical elements from being processed via rule abstraction (Plunkett &amp; Marchman, 1993) only because they are processed by minor rules (Mohanan, 1986). The lexicon is the modular mental component of a speaker's linguistic knowledge. It was also argued that the poor performance of dysphasic speakers on regular morphology is to be explained outside the non-natural and cognitively unwarranted distinction between regularity and irregularity. The lexicon is the sum of words – devoid of any internal structure -- known to the speaker. It was also argued that the set of word formation strategies generated/abstracted by the speaker in a developmental cognitive fashion constitutes his/her morphological system, which will be used for an automatic normal access to words. Automatic access is the normal access route via the central nervous system which is linguistically aware of the grammar it uses to access the modular the encapsulated lexicon. Access is performed through the strategy itself for both comprehension and production and happens in a non-modular fashion. Default – or emergency – access is performed in cases of accidental or mnemonic failure through a direct look-up procedure into the associative lexicon and through the central nervous system.</em></p>

scholarly journals Note-taking in consecutive interpreting. On the reconstruction of an individualised language

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Kohn ◽  
Michaela Albl-Mikasa
Keyword(s):  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Special System ◽  
Consecutive Interpreting

To facilitate the process of consecutive interpreting, professional interpreters typically use a special system of note-taking. In the approaches developed on the basis of practical interpreting experience, these notations are commonly regarded as a note-taking technique, and in relevant specialist literature they are often conceived as a language-independent instrument. Against the background of a cognitive approach, however, it can be shown that the so¬called note-taking TECHNIQUE can adequately be described by means of the theoretical constructs LANGUAGE and DISCOURSE. The language dimension is explored with regard to word meanings, word formation and inflection, semantic relations at sentence and text level as well as pragmatic functions. The discourse dimension is mainly discussed from the perspective of rele¬vance theory with a particular emphasis on the balance between the explicit and the implicit.

scholarly journals ABSTRACT DEVERBAL FORMATIONS WITH BASES OF GREEK ORIGIN

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Nataliya SOTIROVA-MILCHEVA
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Morphological Adaptation ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
Large Groups ◽  
Special Category

The object of analysis here are the deverbal abstract nouns with roots of Greek origin and Bulgarian suffix. Most of them are motivated by fully adapted verbs borrowed from Greek and of particular interest from the perspective of word formation are the secondary derivatives formed from denominative verbs motivated by Greek nous and adjectives. The transformation of borrowed words into productive bases, which are combined with local word-forming suffixes, is the final stage of the complex process of lexical borrowing, which follows the stage of morphological adaptation of borrowed words, i. e. their grouping into a certain lexical-grammatical type. Many of them have formed large groups of derivatives. Being composed of elements of different languages, the new lexemes are hybrid in nature regarding their word-formation and their separation into a special category reflects the new status of the Greek bases of the borrowings. The hybrid formations of this type are the final result of the assimilation of the Greek loan words into the Bulgarian language, which is why they occupy a specific position in the Bulgarian lexical und. The use of some of them is dialect or archaic, but they all contribute to the enrichment of the vocabulary and the ways of expression in Bulgarian.

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