Root growth angle: An important trait that influences the deep rooting of apple rootstocks

2017 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haishan An ◽  
Haiqiang Dong ◽  
Ting Wu ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Xuefeng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Growth Angle ◽  
Root Growth Angle ◽  
Important Trait

scholarly journals Intricate genetic variation networks control the adventitious root growth angle in apple

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caixia Zheng ◽  
Fei Shen ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Ting Wu ◽  
Xuefeng Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Growth Angle ◽  
Root Growth Angle

Abstract Background The root growth angle (RGA) typically determines plant rooting depth, which is significant for plant anchorage and abiotic stress tolerance. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for RGA have been identified in crops. However, the underlying mechanisms of the RGA remain poorly understood, especially in apple rootstocks. The objective of this study was to identify QTLs, validate genetic variation networks, and develop molecular markers for the RGA in apple rootstock. Results Bulked segregant analysis by sequencing (BSA-seq) identified 25 QTLs for RGA using 1955 hybrids of the apple rootstock cultivars ‘Baleng Crab’ (Malus robusta Rehd., large RGA) and ‘M9’ (M. pumila Mill., small RGA). With RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and parental resequencing, six major functional genes were identified and constituted two genetic variation networks for the RGA. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MdLAZY1 promoter damaged the binding sites of MdDREB2A and MdHSFB3, while one SNP of MdDREB2A and MdIAA1 affected the interactions of MdDREB2A/MdHSFB3 and MdIAA1/MdLAZY1, respectively. A SNP within the MdNPR5 promoter damaged the interaction between MdNPR5 and MdLBD41, while one SNP of MdLBD41 interrupted the MdLBD41/MdbHLH48 interaction that affected the binding ability of MdLBD41 on the MdNPR5 promoter. Twenty six SNP markers were designed on candidate genes in each QTL interval, and the marker effects varied from 0.22°-26.11°. Conclusions Six diagnostic markers, SNP592, G122, b13, Z312, S1272, and S1288, were used to identify two intricate genetic variation networks that control the RGA and may provide new insights into the accuracy of the molecular markers. The QTLs and SNP markers can potentially be used to select deep-rooted apple rootstocks.

scholarly journals Genetic improvement for root growth angle to enhance crop production

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusaku Uga ◽  
Yuka Kitomi ◽  
Satoru Ishikawa ◽  
Masahiro Yano
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Growth Angle ◽  
Root Growth Angle

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Quantitative Metrics of Root Architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Harini Rangarajan ◽  
Jonathan P. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Projection Methods ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Growth Angle ◽  
Root Growth Angle

High throughput phenotyping is important to bridge the gap between genotype and phenotype. The methods used to describe the phenotype therefore should be robust to measurement errors, relatively stable over time, and most importantly, provide a reliable estimate of elementary phenotypic components. In this study, we use functional-structural modeling to evaluate quantitative phenotypic metrics used to describe root architecture to determine how they fit these criteria. Our results show that phenes such as root number, root diameter, and lateral root branching density are stable, reliable measures and are not affected by imaging method or plane. Metrics aggregating multiple phenes such as total length, total volume, convex hull volume, and bushiness index estimate different subsets of the constituent phenes; they however do not provide any information regarding the underlying phene states. Estimates of phene aggregates are not unique representations of underlying constituent phenes: multiple phenotypes having phenes in different states could have similar aggregate metrics. Root growth angle is an important phene which is susceptible to measurement errors when 2D projection methods are used. Metrics that aggregate phenes which are complex functions of root growth angle and other phenes are also subject to measurement errors when 2D projection methods are used. These results support the hypothesis that estimates of phenes are more useful than metrics aggregating multiple phenes for phenotyping root architecture. We propose that these concepts are broadly applicable in phenotyping and phenomics.

scholarly journals Phene Synergism between Root Hair Length and Basal Root Growth Angle for Phosphorus Acquisition

2015 ◽  
Vol 167 (4) ◽  
pp. 1430-1439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magalhaes Amade Miguel ◽  
Johannes Auke Postma ◽  
Jonathan Paul Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Hair Length ◽  
Phosphorus Acquisition ◽  
Root Hair Length ◽  
Growth Angle ◽  
Root Growth Angle

scholarly journals Allele mining for a drought responsive gene DRO1 determining root growth angle in donors of drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-534
Author(s):  
Bablee Kumari Singh ◽  
M. K. Ramkumar ◽  
Monika Dalal ◽  
Archana Singh ◽  
Amolkumar U. Solanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Allele Mining ◽  
Growth Angle ◽  
Root Growth Angle ◽  
Responsive Gene

scholarly journals A QTL for root growth angle on rice chromosome 7 is involved in the genetic pathway of DEEPER ROOTING 1

Rice ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusaku Uga ◽  
Yuka Kitomi ◽  
Eiji Yamamoto ◽  
Noriko Kanno ◽  
Sawako Kawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Rice Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 7 ◽  
Genetic Pathway ◽  
Growth Angle ◽  
Root Growth Angle

scholarly journals ENHANCED GRAVITROPISM 2 encodes a STERILE ALPHA MOTIF–containing protein that controls root growth angle in barley and wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (35) ◽  
pp. e2101526118
Author(s):  
Gwendolyn K. Kirschner ◽  
Serena Rosignoli ◽  
Li Guo ◽  
Isaia Vardanega ◽  
Jafargholi Imani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Elongation Zone ◽  
Sterile Alpha Motif ◽  
Growth Angle ◽  
Root Growth Angle

The root growth angle defines how roots grow toward the gravity vector and is among the most important determinants of root system architecture. It controls water uptake capacity, nutrient use efficiency, stress resilience, and, as a consequence, yield of crop plants. We demonstrated that the egt2 (enhanced gravitropism 2) mutant of barley exhibits steeper root growth of seminal and lateral roots and an auxin-independent higher responsiveness to gravity compared to wild-type plants. We cloned the EGT2 gene by a combination of bulked-segregant analysis and whole genome sequencing. Subsequent validation experiments by an independent CRISPR/Cas9 mutant allele demonstrated that egt2 encodes a STERILE ALPHA MOTIF domain–containing protein. In situ hybridization experiments illustrated that EGT2 is expressed from the root cap to the elongation zone. We demonstrated the evolutionary conserved role of EGT2 in root growth angle control between barley and wheat by knocking out the EGT2 orthologs in the A and B genomes of tetraploid durum wheat. By combining laser capture microdissection with RNA sequencing, we observed that seven expansin genes were transcriptionally down-regulated in the elongation zone. This is consistent with a role of EGT2 in this region of the root where the effect of gravity sensing is executed by differential cell elongation. Our findings suggest that EGT2 is an evolutionary conserved regulator of root growth angle in barley and wheat that could be a valuable target for root-based crop improvement strategies in cereals.

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