Environmental photochemical fate of selected pharmaceutical compounds in natural and reconstituted Suwannee River water: Role of reactive species in indirect photolysis

Fingernail clams (Muscu1ium transversum) are dominant bottom-dwelling animals in some waters of the midwest U.S. These organisms are key links in food chains leading from nutrients in water and mud to fish and ducks which are utilized by man. In the mid-1950’s, fingernail clams disappeared from a 100-mile section of the Illinois R., a tributary of the Mississippi R. Some factor(s) in the river and/or sediment currently prevent clams from recolonizing areas where they were formerly abundant. Recently, clams developed shell deformities and died without reproducing. The greatest mortality and highest incidence of shell deformities appeared in test chambers containing the highest proportion of river water to well water. The molluscan shell consists of CaCO3, and the tissue concerned in its secretion is the mantle. The source of the carbonate is probably from metabolic CO2 and the maintenance of ionized Ca concentration in the mantle is controlled by carbonic anhydrase. The Ca is stored in extracellular concentric spherical granules(0.6-5.5μm) which represent a large amount of inertCa in the mantle. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the role of raw river water and well water on shell formation in the fingernail clam.

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The Role of the Reactive Species Involved in the Photocatalytic Degradation of HDPE Microplastics Using C,N-TiO2 Powders

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13070999 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 999 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aranza Denisse Vital-Grappin ◽

Maria Camila Ariza-Tarazona ◽

Valeria Montserrat Luna-Hernández ◽

Juan Francisco Villarreal-Chiu ◽

Juan Manuel Hernández-López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Reaction System ◽

Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Reactive Species ◽

Hazardous Substances ◽

Wide Range ◽

Degradation Behaviors ◽

Environmentally Friendly Process

Microplastics (MPs) are distributed in a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems throughout the planet. They are known to adsorb hazardous substances and can transfer them across the trophic web. To eliminate MPs pollution in an environmentally friendly process, we propose using a photocatalytic process that can easily be implemented in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). As photocatalysis involves the formation of reactive species such as holes (h+), electrons (e−), hydroxyl (OH●), and superoxide ion (O2●−) radicals, it is imperative to determine the role of those species in the degradation process to design an effective photocatalytic system. However, for MPs, this information is limited in the literature. Therefore, we present such reactive species’ role in the degradation of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) MPs using C,N-TiO2. Tert-butanol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), Tiron, and Cu(NO3)2 were confirmed as adequate OH●, h+, O2●− and e− scavengers. These results revealed for the first time that the formation of free OH● through the pathways involving the photogenerated e− plays an essential role in the MPs’ degradation. Furthermore, the degradation behaviors observed when h+ and O2●− were removed from the reaction system suggest that these species can also perform the initiating step of degradation.

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Relevance of mitochondrial dysfunction during Sorafenib-induced cell death in liver cancer cells. Role of oxidative and nitrogen reactive species

Free Radical Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.418 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 165 ◽

pp. 54

Author(s):

Patricia de la Cruz-Ojeda ◽

M. Ángeles Rodríguez-Hernández ◽

Elena Navarro-Villarán ◽

Paloma Gallego ◽

Pavla Staňková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Liver Cancer ◽

Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Reactive Species ◽

Liver Cancer Cells ◽

Nitrogen Reactive Species

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Glutathione Participation in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10081220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1220

Author(s):

Deyamira Matuz-Mares ◽

Héctor Riveros-Rosas ◽

María Magdalena Vilchis-Landeros ◽

Héctor Vázquez-Meza

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Superoxide Anion ◽

Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽

Hypochlorous Acid ◽

Reduced Glutathione ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Reactive Species ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Cardiovascular Pathologies

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (such as occlusion of the coronary arteries, hypertensive heart diseases and strokes) are diseases that generate thousands of patients with a high mortality rate worldwide. Many of these cardiovascular pathologies, during their development, generate a state of oxidative stress that leads to a deterioration in the patient’s conditions associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Within these reactive species we find superoxide anion (O2•–), hydroxyl radical (•OH), nitric oxide (NO•), as well as other species of non-free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HClO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO–). A molecule that actively participates in counteracting the oxidizing effect of reactive species is reduced glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that is present in all tissues and that its synthesis and/or regeneration is very important to be able to respond to the increase in oxidizing agents. In this review, we will address the role of glutathione, its synthesis in both the heart and the liver, and its importance in preventing or reducing deleterious ROS effects in cardiovascular diseases.

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