Changes in morphology, chlorophyll fluorescence performance and Rubisco activity of soybean in response to foliar application of ionic titanium under normal light and shade environment

Leaf chlorophyll fluorescence in susceptible B. campestris L. plants was greatly enhanced and the Hill reaction activity of isolated chloroplasts was inhibited by 10−4 M atrazine. The herbicide did not produce similar responses in resistant plants. 14C-atrazine was used to determine if, in addition, there were differences in uptake, translocation, and metabolism of the herbicide by the susceptible and resistant biotypes. The 14C-atrazine in nutrient solution was readily taken up by the roots of both biotypes and was rapidly translocated to the shoot. The 14C-atrazine was quickly metabolized and after a 24-h period 56 and 63% of the extractable radioactivity in susceptible and resistant plants, respectively, was present as metabolites, the major one being 2-hydroxyatrazine. Following a foliar application, less than 1% of the applied radioactivity moved into other parts of the plant. These results clearly show that triazine resistance in wild turnip rape is based in the chloroplast and that uptake, translocation, and metabolism of the herbicide play no decisive role in selectivity between the susceptible and resistant biotypes.Key words: Atrazine selectivity, Brassica campestris, chlorophyll fluorescence, Hill reaction, atrazine metabolism.

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Response of Salt-Stressed Common Bean Plant Performances to Foliar Application of Phosphorus (MAP)

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.72.7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 ◽

pp. 7-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mostafa M. Rady ◽

Ahmed A. El-Shewy ◽

Mohamed A. Seif El-Yazal ◽

Kareman E.S. Abdelaal

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Common Bean ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Study Objective ◽

Antioxidant Defense Systems

The study objective is to evaluate the effect of mono-ammonuim phosphate (MAP; 0, 10, and 20 mM) applied as foliar application on the growth traits, green and dry yields characteristics, leaf photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf contents of nutrients of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cv. “Bronco”) plants grown under saline soil conditions. To perform this objective, two field trials were conducted at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University during the 2016 and 2017 summer seasons. The obtained results showed that, Na+ content was significantly declined, while the all other tested parameters such as growth characteristics (i.e., shoot length, number of leaves per plant, area of leaves per plant, and shoot fresh and dry weights), yield characteristics of green pods and dry seeds (i.e., average pod weight, number of pods per plant, pods weight per plant, dry seed weight per plant and 100-seed weight), leaf photosynthetic pigments (i.e., total chlorophylls, total carotenoids) contents and leaf chlorophyll fluorescence (i.e., Fv/Fm and PI), leaf contents of N, P, K+, and Ca2+, and the ratios of K+/Na+, Ca2+/Na+ and K++Ca2+/Na+ were significantly increased by the two levels (i.e., 10 and 20 mM) of MAP compared to the controls (without MAP). The two MAP levels conferred the same results for most of the all tested parameters; particularly growth and yields characteristics, with some exceptions. Therefore, results of this study recommend using 10 mM MAP as foliar application to optimize the common bean performances in saline soils. Keywords: Common beans, Salinity, Phosphorus, Plant performance, Antioxidant defense systems, Photosynthesis, Water relations.

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Influence of foliar application of silicon on chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic pigments, and growth in water-stressed wheat cultivars differing in drought tolerance

TURKISH JOURNAL OF BOTANY ◽

10.3906/bot-1407-11 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

KOBRA MAGHSOUDI ◽

YAHYA EMAM ◽

MUHAMMAD ASHRAF

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Photosynthetic Pigments ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Wheat Cultivars

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Mitigation of the Impact of Vascular Wilt and Soil Hypoxia on Cape Gooseberry Plants by Foliar Application of Synthetic Elicitors

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci14550-19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 121-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cristhian Camilo Chávez-Arias ◽

Sandra Gómez-Caro ◽

Hermann Restrepo-Díaz

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Photosynthetic Pigment ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Oxygen Deficit ◽

Simultaneous Occurrence ◽

Vascular Wilt ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽

The Impact ◽

Cape Gooseberry

Physalis peruviana L. crops are exposed to different stress conditions that limit their productivity. Within these conditions, abiotic stress caused by water and biotic stress by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. physali (Foph) are frequent at commercial levels. The foliar application of synthetic elicitors can be a tool to mitigate the negative impacts of these stresses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction between Foph inoculation and three foliar applications of brassinosteroids (BR), salicylic acid (SA), and a commercial elicitor based on botanical extracts (BE) of Echinacea purpurea, Potentilla erecta, and Aloe vera on the physiological [stomatal conductance (gS), leaf water potential (Ψwf), chlorophyll fluorescence, and growth] and biochemical [photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and proline content] responses of cape gooseberry plants subjected to a 6-day waterlogging period. The established treatments were as follows: 1) waterlogged plants without Foph; 2) waterlogged plants with Foph; 3) waterlogged, noninoculated (Foph−) plants treated foliarly with BR, SA, or BE; and 4) waterlogged, inoculated (Foph+) plants treated foliarly with BR, SA, or BE. The results showed that the foliar application of BR or SA reduced vascular wilt development in plants subjected to a hypoxia period. In addition, three applications of BR, SA, or BE favored gS, Ψwf, growth, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in cape gooseberry plants under the interaction between Foph and oxygen deficit in the soil. Also, higher photosynthetic pigment and proline contents were observed in plants treated with elicitors under stress combination, whereas a lower MDA production was evidenced in this group of plants. In conclusion, BR, SA, or BE can help mitigate the negative effects of the simultaneous occurrence of Foph and a waterlogging condition for 6 days in cape gooseberry plants.

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Chlorophyll fluorescence in castor bean fertilized with castor cake and nickel

Scientific Electronic Archives ◽

10.36560/1342020908 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

S. O. Maia Júnior ◽

R. S. Ferreira ◽

L. F. Figueredo ◽

J. R. Andrade ◽

J. P. Pedroza

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Bean Plants ◽

3.0 T ◽

Castor Cake ◽

The City

The objective of this work was to evaluate the chlorophyll fluorescence of castor bean in response to fertilization with castor bean and nickel. The experiment was carried out in a protected environment at the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil. The experimental design was completely randomized, in factorial 4x4, with four doses of castor cake: 0; 1.0; 2.0 and 3.0 t ha-1 and four concentrations of Nickel: 0; 4.0; 8.0 and 12.0 mg L-1, with four replicates. At 60 and 85 days of cultivation was evaluated the chlorophyll fluorescence of the castor bean plants cv. BRS Energia. The Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and Fo/Fm ratios were influenced by castor cake doses at 60 and 85 days. While foliar application of nickel at 60 days influenced only Fv/Fo, and at 80 days only Fo was not affected. Increasing castor cake doses reduces the photosynthetic efficiency of the castor bean plants, but does not damage the integrity of PSII. Foliar applications of nickel up to 12 mg L-1 increase the photosynthetic capacity of the castor bean at 85 days of cultivation.

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Methomyl Injury to Carbon Exchange Rates and Related Processes in Cotton

10.1101/121798 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

C.E. Salem ◽

J.T. Cothren ◽

C.R. Benedict

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Carbon Exchange ◽

Rubisco Activity ◽

Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameter ◽

Fluorescence Parameter ◽

Time Courses ◽

Induced Changes

AbstractSome insecticides have the potential to cause varying levels of phytotoxicity. This study examined 1) the time courses of photosynthetic injury in cotton (Gossypium hirsutisms L.) leaves treated with methomyl [S-methyl-N-[(methyl carbamoyl)oxy]-thioacetimidate] and 2) the relationships between carbon exchange rate (CER), stomatal conductance, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter FX/FP, and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase (rubisco) activity. Plots were sprayed with either 0 or 0.84 kg methomyl·ha-1 when cotton was in mid-reproductive growth. Starting on the day of spraying, CER, stomatal conductance, FX/FP, and rubisco activity were measured daily for five consecutive days [4, 28, 52, 76 and 100 hours after spraying (HAS)]. In methomyl-treated leaves, CER decreased within hours after spraying, reached their lowest point at 28 HAS in experiment I and 76 HAS in experiment II, then recovered near-control levels by 100 HAS. At their lowest points, CER of methomyl-treated leaves decreased from 20 to 50% compared to controls. Stomatal conductance, FX/FP, and rubisco activity followed similar patterns to CER. Stomatal conductance was more closely related to CER than were FX/FP and rubisco activity. Chlorophyll fluorescence recovered more quickly than did CER. Rubisco activity did not decrease till after CER. From the parameters measured in this study, stomatal conductance appeared to be the major factor influencing methomyl-induced changes in CER, although all three parameters may be involved in the process of CER change.AbbreviationsCERcarbon exchange raterubiscoribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenaseDATdays after treatmentHAShours after spraying

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The Effects of Foliar Application of Phenoxy and Imidazoline Family Herbicides on the Limitation of Primary Photosynthetic Processes in Galega orientalis L.

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy12010096 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 96

Author(s):

Jaroslav Lang ◽

Barbora Zikmundová ◽

Josef Hájek ◽

Miloš Barták ◽

Peter Váczi

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Energy Flux ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Early Response ◽

Photosynthetic Performance ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Dissipated Energy ◽

Galega Orientalis ◽

Time Courses

Fodder galega (Galega orientalis) is a perennial, wintering plant with great potential for agricultural development. The species has a large yield potential and exceptional adaptability to various environmental conditions. The sensitivity of G. orientalis to herbicides, however, as well as the photosynthetic performance of the species, are generally unknown. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of the application of selected phenoxy herbicides (MCPA, MCPB) and the imidazoline family herbicide (IMA) on the parameters of primary photosynthetic processes as understood through fast chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics (OJIP). The effect of cultivation temperature was also investigated in the plants grown at 5, 18 and 25 °C. Time courses of OJIP-derived parameters describing photosystem II functioning after foliar application revealed that the plants showed negative responses to the herbicides in the order MCPB–MCPA–IMA within 24 h after the application. The application of herbicides decreased the values of maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (FM) and increased minimum fluorescence (F0), which led to a reduction in the maximal efficiency of PSII (FV/FM). Applications of MCPA and MCPB decreased variable chlorophyll fluorescence at 2 ms (VJ), 30 ms (VI) and VP, as well as the performance index (PIABS), which is considered a vitality proxy. The application increased absorption flux (ABS/RC), trapped energy flux (TRo/RC) and dissipated energy flux (DIo/RC). The effects were more pronounced in plants grown at 18 and 25 °C. The study revealed that the OJIP-derived parameters sensitively reflected an early response of G. orientalis to the foliar application of herbicides. Negative responses of PSII were more apparent in MCPA- and MCPB- exposed plants than IMA-exposed plants.

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