scholarly journals The Effects of Foliar Application of Phenoxy and Imidazoline Family Herbicides on the Limitation of Primary Photosynthetic Processes in Galega orientalis L.

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Lang ◽  
Barbora Zikmundová ◽  
Josef Hájek ◽  
Miloš Barták ◽  
Peter Váczi
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Energy Flux ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dissipated Energy ◽  
Galega Orientalis ◽  
Time Courses

Fodder galega (Galega orientalis) is a perennial, wintering plant with great potential for agricultural development. The species has a large yield potential and exceptional adaptability to various environmental conditions. The sensitivity of G. orientalis to herbicides, however, as well as the photosynthetic performance of the species, are generally unknown. Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of the application of selected phenoxy herbicides (MCPA, MCPB) and the imidazoline family herbicide (IMA) on the parameters of primary photosynthetic processes as understood through fast chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics (OJIP). The effect of cultivation temperature was also investigated in the plants grown at 5, 18 and 25 °C. Time courses of OJIP-derived parameters describing photosystem II functioning after foliar application revealed that the plants showed negative responses to the herbicides in the order MCPB–MCPA–IMA within 24 h after the application. The application of herbicides decreased the values of maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (FM) and increased minimum fluorescence (F0), which led to a reduction in the maximal efficiency of PSII (FV/FM). Applications of MCPA and MCPB decreased variable chlorophyll fluorescence at 2 ms (VJ), 30 ms (VI) and VP, as well as the performance index (PIABS), which is considered a vitality proxy. The application increased absorption flux (ABS/RC), trapped energy flux (TRo/RC) and dissipated energy flux (DIo/RC). The effects were more pronounced in plants grown at 18 and 25 °C. The study revealed that the OJIP-derived parameters sensitively reflected an early response of G. orientalis to the foliar application of herbicides. Negative responses of PSII were more apparent in MCPA- and MCPB- exposed plants than IMA-exposed plants.

Selection of tree species for forests under climate change: is PSI functioning a better predictor for net photosynthesis and growth than PSII?

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1561-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Pollastrini ◽  
Elisabetta Salvatori ◽  
Lina Fusaro ◽  
Fausto Manes ◽  
Riccardo Marzuoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Seasonal Temperature

Abstract A chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) assessment was carried out on oak seedlings (Quercus ilex L., Quercus pubescens Willd., Quercus frainetto Ten.) of Italian and Greek provenance, during the years 2017 and 2018, in a common garden in central Italy planted in 2017. This trial aimed to test the relative performances of the oak species in the perspective of assisted migration as part of the actions for the adaptation of forests to climate change. The assessment of the photosynthetic performance of the tree species included the analysis of the prompt chlorophyll fluorescence (PF) transient and the modulated reflection (MR) at 820 nm, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf gas exchange (net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance), plant growth (i.e., height) and mortality rate after 2 years from the beginning of the experiment. The assessment of the performance of the three oak species was carried out ‘in vivo’. Plants were generated from seeds and exposed to several environmental factors, including changing seasonal temperature, water availability, and soil biological and physical functionality. The results of PF indicate a stable functionality of the photosynthetic system PSII (expressed as FV/FM) across species and provenances and a decline in photochemistry functionality at the I–P phase (ΔVIP) in Q. frainetto, thus indicating a decline of the content of PSI in this species. This result was confirmed by the findings of MR analysis, with the speed of reduction and subsequent oxidation of PSI (VRED and VOX) strongly correlated to the amplitude of ΔVIP. The photosynthetic rates (net photosynthesis, PN) and growth were correlated with the parameters associated with PSI content and function, rather than those related to PSII. The low performance of Q. frainetto in the common garden seems to be related to early foliar senescence with the depletion of nitrogen, due to suboptimal climatic and edaphic conditions. Chlorophyll fluorescence allowed discrimination of populations of oak species and individuation of the less (or/and best) suitable species for future forest ecology and management purposes.

Chlorophyll fluorescence of submerged and floating leaves of the aquatic resurrection plant Chamaegigas intrepidus

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Woitke ◽  
Wolfram Hartung ◽  
Hartmut Gimmler ◽  
Hermann Heilmeier
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Shade Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Resurrection Plant ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Floating Leaves

The role of submerged and floating leaves in plant photosynthetic performance of the aquatic resurrection plant Chamaegigas intrepidus Dinter was investigated by monitoring chlorophyll fluorescence under the fluctuating natural field conditions that characterise the extreme habitat of this species. The performance of the two different leaf types during desiccation–rehydration cycles in the field was examined. PSII quantum efficiency indicates a similar regeneration capacity in both leaf types after water stress. Electron transport rates under controlled light conditions were 3–4 times higher in floating leaves than in submerged leaves. The two leaf types showed specific adaptations to their ambient photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD), shade tolerance in the submerged leaves and adaptation to high PPFD in floating leaves. These results imply a significant role of the floating leaves for total plant carbon gain. It is concluded that the combination of high N content of floating leaves and a high availability of CO2 and light at the water surface contributes to the importance of this leaf type for photosynthesis in C. intrepidus.

Temperature optima for growth and photosynthetic processes in Trebouxia erici isolated from an Antarctic lichen and cultivated in a temperature gradient

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timm Bayer ◽  
Nıevas Vıals Alba
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Chlorophyll Production ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Temperature Optima

The temperature optimum for photosynthesis and growth of natural populations of Trebouxia erici isolated from an Antarctic lichen (Usnea antarctica) was determined using a long-term cultivation (26 days) at different temperatures. Several chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were used in T. erici cultivated in a liquid medium to assess the effect of cultivation temperature (0, 10, 20 and 30oC). Analysis of time courses of the capacity of photosynthetic processes in PS II (FV/FM), effective quantum yield of photosystem II (FPSII), relative fluorescence decline ratio (RFd), and quenching of background chlorophyll fluorescence (qF0) revealed that optimum temperature is between 10 to 20°C. Biomass production evaluated as a total chlorophyll production after 26 days of cultivation was maximal at 20°C. The results are discussed in relation to the data reported by other literature sources for Trebouxia sp. and other algae isolated from chlorolichens.

scholarly journals Water Stress Affects the Some Morpho-Physiological Traits of Twenty Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes under Field Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13736
Author(s):  
Nazeer Ali Panhwar ◽  
Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek ◽  
Gul Muhammad Baloch ◽  
Zahoor Ahmed Soomro ◽  
Mahboob Ali Sial ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Relative Water

Water stress has become one of the foremost constraints to agricultural development, mostly in areas that are deficient in water. A field trial has been conducted to evaluate the performance of different twenty wheat genotypes under three stress treatments viz., control (T0) = normal watering, stress-1 (T1) = water stress from tillering up to maturity, and stress-2 (T2) = water stress from anthesis to maturity were used as treatments. The results revealed that a highly significant (p < 0.01) difference was observed among twenty wheat cultivars for morpho-physiological traits except for several tillers plant−1, spikeletspike−1, and relative water content. In the early days, 50% flowering was noted in Anmole-91 (64.33 days) under (T0), while Anmol-91 showed a relative decrease (RD-1) (−2.34 days) at days 50% flowering in (T1). The TJ-83 genotype showed an early response (−8.34 day) at days to 50% flowering under stress-2 (T2), but TD-I (−3.34) was observed to be relatively tolerant. Underwater stress from tillering to maturity (T1) SKD-1 was found more susceptible (−36.7 days) than other cultivars. Wheat cultivar Soghat-90 showed maximum RD-1 (−24.7) for grain yield plant−1 in stress-1 (T1) from tillering to maturity. Anmole-91, NIA-Sarang, and TD-I observed minimum was (−6) in the same water stress for various traits. Therefore, the findings of present work revealed that the best performing genotypes can be recommended for effective cultivation in future breeding programs.

scholarly journals ENHANCING HOT PEPPER PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION IN MISSISSIPPI.

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 269A-269
Author(s):  
Patrick Igbokwe ◽  
June Tartt ◽  
Robert Leard
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Chlormequat Chloride ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Hot Peppers ◽  
Pepper Sauce

Two field experiments were used to determine the yield potential of 'Long Pod' cayenne hot peppers due to foliar application of 528 ppm each of chlormequat chloride. ethephon, and ancymidol. Applications were either made at bud formation, fruit development or fruit ripening periods. At last harvest, samples of marketable red-ripe fruits from the border rows of both 'Long Pod' cayenne and “Oriental-l” hot pepper plots were used for hot pepper sauce formulations. Two sets of 32 panelists each, were used to evaluate both the newly formulated experimental (ICES-1 and EHS-2) and commercial (CHS-1 and CHS-2) hot peppers sauces for quality. In 1990, marketable yield was highest due to chlormequat chloride. and for application made at fruit ripening. In 1991, marketable yield was highest due to ancymidol application, and for application made at fruit ripening. Mean sensory scores for hot sauce appearance, flavor and texture were generally highest for experimental hot sauces, whereas pungency scores were highest due to “CHS-1” commercial hot sauce.

scholarly journals Effect of Rhizobium inoculation of seeds and foliar fertilization on productivity of Pisum sativum L.

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Zając ◽  
Agnieszka Klimek-Kopyra ◽  
Andrzej Oleksy
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Experimental Field

Pea (<em>Pisum sativum</em> L.) is the second most important grain legume crop in the world which has a wide array of uses for human food and fodder. One of the major factors that determines the use of field pea is the yield potential of cultivars. Presently, pre-sowing inoculation of pea seeds and foliar application of microelement fertilizers are prospective solutions and may be reasonable agrotechnical options. This research was undertaken because of the potentially high productivity of the 'afila' morphotype in good wheat complex soils. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of vaccination with <em>Rhizobium</em> and foliar micronutrient fertilization on yield of the afila pea variety. The research was based on a two-year (2009–2010) controlled field experiment, conducted in four replicates and carried out on the experimental field of the Bayer company located in Modzurów, Silesian region. experimental field soil was Umbrisol – slightly degraded chernozem, formed from loess. Nitragina inoculant, as a source of symbiotic bacteria, was applied before sowing seeds. Green area index (GAI) of the canopy, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were determined at characteristic growth stages. The presented results of this study on symbiotic nitrogen fixation by leguminous plants show that the combined application of Nitragina and Photrel was the best combination for productivity. Remote measurements of the pea canopy indexes indicated the formation of the optimum leaf area which effectively used photosynthetically active radiation. The use of Nitragina as a donor of effective <em>Rhizobium</em> for pea plants resulted in slightly higher GAI values and the optimization of PAR and NDVI. It is not recommended to use foliar fertilizers or Nitragina separately due to the slowing of pea productivity.

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