Water and suspended sediment runoff from vineyard watersheds affecting the behavior and physiology of zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Vol 757 ◽  
pp. 143794
Author(s):  
Aline Pompermaier ◽  
Amanda Carolina Cole Varela ◽  
Milena Fortuna ◽  
Suelen Mendonça-Soares ◽  
Gessi Koakoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Sediment Runoff

scholarly journals Behaviors of the Yukon River Sediment Plume in the Bering Sea: Relations to Glacier-Melt Discharge and Sediment Load

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 2646
Author(s):  
Kazuhisa A. Chikita ◽  
Tomoyuki Wada ◽  
Isao Kudo ◽  
Sei-Ichi Saitoh ◽  
Toru Hirawake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Surface Sediment ◽  
Bering Sea ◽  
River Sediment ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Sediment Runoff ◽  
Yukon River ◽  
Glacier Melt ◽  
The Bering Sea

Sediment plumes, released to the Bering Sea from the delta front of the Yukon River, Alaska, are initiated mainly by glacier-melt sediment runoffs in the glacierized regions of the Yukon River drainage basin. The surface sediment plumes are extended around the fan-shaped Yukon River delta, which is followed by the northwestward dispersion. During continuous measurements of the Yukon River discharge and sediment load, behaviors of the sediment plumes were explored by shipboard and coastal observations in the Bering Sea. At the high river sediment load of ca. 2500 kg/s, the plume partially plunged into the sea bottom layer. The plunging probably originated in the nepheloid-layer formation from the flocculation of river-suspended sediment, of which more than 90% wt. is silt and clay (grain size d < 63 μm). In order to numerically obtain the area of the surface sediment plumes, a satellite image analysis was performed by using three near-infrared bands in MODIS/Aqua or MODIS/Terra. The plume area was significantly correlated (R2 = 0.735, p < 0.01) to the sediment load averaged for the two days with time lags of 20 days and 21 days to the date of a certain satellite image. Hence, the dispersion of plume-suspended sediment appears to be controlled by the sediment runoff events in the Yukon River rather than the northward “Alaskan Coastal Water”.

Effect of decontamination on sediment discharge from mountain stream to river and cesium transfer in Yamakiya district

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiaki Makino ◽  
Yuichi Onda ◽  
Keisuke Taniguchi ◽  
Mitbaa Slim ◽  
Yoshifumi Wakiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Sediment Dynamics ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Mountain Stream ◽  
Sediment Runoff ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Sediment Discharge ◽  
Middle Point ◽  
Middle Stream

&lt;p&gt;After the accident of the Fukushima nuclear power plant, decontamination works had been conducted from 2013 to 2017 in the area of heavly contamination by fallout radionuclides. Although decontamination is conductive to decrease the air dose rate, associated disturbances of soil, such as scraping, reversal tillage, and soil dressing. These decontamination works, in turn, could increase the sediment discharge to downstream, but no studies are available on the effect of the decontamination in upstream headwaters that affects sediment discharge in rivers. Furthermore, decontamination has been carried out in the target area, the Yamakiya area, from 2013, and decontamination has been completed in the spring of 2016, decontamination work has been completed in 2017, and the residents have been returned. The sediment runoff due to human activities can be different from the sediment runoff due to decontamination.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between sediment dynamics and Cs dynamics due to decontamination, and the changes in sediment dynamics due to the return of residents. Observations and historical data were analyzed at Iboishi mountain in the forest and the middle stream of Kuchibuto. We have been monitoring suspended sediment Cs-137 concentration, water runoff, and suspended sediment runoff since 2014 at the middle point of the Kuchibuto River and since 2013 at Mt.Iboishi. The slope of the approximation line was compared with the LQ curve for comparison of the amount of sediment runoff. In the middle of the Kuchibuto river, it was 1.54 in 2014, 2.28 in 2015, 2.12 in 2016, 0.164 in 2017, and 0.189 in 2018. At Iboishi mountain in the forest, it was 1.72 in 2014, 0.947 in 2015, 1.39 in 2016, 0.219 in 2017, and 1.15 in 2018. The same tendency was shown in the slopes of the LQ curves in the middle part of the Kuchibuto river and the Iboishi mountain in the forest area. The Cs concentration was high until November 2015, but since then, the Cs concentration has decreased. These results suggest that the increased sediment discharge due to decontamination of the forest area affected the sediment discharge in the middle stream of the Kuchibuto River.&lt;/p&gt;

Effect of seasonal snow cover on suspended sediment runoff in a mountainous catchment

2012 ◽  
Vol 428-429 ◽  
pp. 116-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Iida ◽  
Akihiko Kajihara ◽  
Hiroshi Okubo ◽  
Kenji Okajima
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Sediment Runoff ◽  
Mountainous Catchment ◽  
Seasonal Snow ◽  
Seasonal Snow Cover

scholarly journals ANTHROPOGENIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE STOCK OF WEIGHED WEIGHTS OF THE MOUNTAIN RIVERS OF AZERBAIJAN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Abduev ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Sediment Runoff ◽  
Mountain Rivers ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation

Based on the data of network hydrometric observations over a multi-year period, the transformation of suspended sediments of mountain rivers of Azerbaijan into the stock has been estimated. To quantify the anthropogenic transformation of suspended sediment runoff, we analyzed the dependences of the average annual flow rates of suspended sediment and water, Rg = f (Qg); It was revealed that in connection with the construction of reservoirs, the natural regime of sediment runoff has radically changed.

scholarly journals Declining suspended sediment in United States rivers and streams: Linking sediment trends to changes in land use/cover, hydrology and climate

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Sediment Runoff ◽  
Systematic Change ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Streamflow Regime

Abstract. Between 1992 and 2012, concentrations of annual mean suspended sediment decreased at over half (58 %) of the 137 stream sites assessed across the contiguous United States (US). Increases occurred at 17 % of the sites and the direction of change was uncertain at the remaining 25 %. Sediment trends were characterized using the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season model, and decreases in sediment ranged from −95 % to −8.5 % of the 1992 concentration. To explore potential drivers of these changes, the sediment trends were (1) parsed into two broad contributors of change, changes in land management versus changes in the streamflow regime, and (2) grouped by land use of the watershed and correlated to concurrent changes in land use/cover, hydrology and climate and static/long-term watershed characteristics. At 83 % of the sites, changes in land management (captured by changes in the concentration–streamflow relationship over time) contributed more to the change in the sediment trend than changes in the streamflow regime alone (i.e. any systematic change in the magnitude, frequency or timing of flows). However, at > 60 % of the sites, changes in the streamflow regime contributed at least a 5 % change in sediment and at 10 sites changes in the streamflow regime contributed over half the change in sediment, indicating that at many sites changes in streamflow were not the main driver of changes in sediment but was often an important supporting factor. Correlations between sediment trends and concurrent changes in land use/cover, hydrology and climate were often stronger at sites draining watersheds with more homogenous, human-related land uses (i.e. agricultural and urban lands) compared to mixed-use or undeveloped lands. At many sites, decreases in sediment occurred despite small to moderate increases in the amount of urban or agricultural land in the watershed, suggesting conservation efforts to reduce sediment runoff to streams may be successful, up to a point, even as lands are converted to urban and agricultural uses.

Evaluating of the effect of thinning on suspended sediment runoff in a cypress and cedar plantation forest using Fukushima-derived Cs-137, Cs-134 and Pb-210ex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motosuke Kinoshita ◽  
Yuichi Onda ◽  
Sooyoun Nam ◽  
Hiroaki Kato ◽  
Takashi Gomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentration ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Sediment Runoff ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Slope Surface ◽  
Heavy Machinery ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
Stream Bed

&lt;p&gt;Skid trail and heavy machinery for forest practice becoming more common for effective forest practices, but these causes soil disturbance in the forest, leading to a sudden increase in the amount of suspended sediment during and post thinning. The discharged sediment can flow into the river and may cause downstream water pollution. To evaluate the effect of thinning on sediment production, sediment fingerprinting techniques can be an effective tool for proper forest practices. In Tochigi prefecture in Japan, in addition to the Cs-137 by global fallout and Pb-210ex, additional FRN, the Fukushima-derived Cs-137 and Cs-134 on March 2011 are available, but few studies are available for combining use of Fukushima-derived radiocesium and fallout Pb-210ex. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the transport of the fine sediment in the forest pre- and post- thinning with using fingerprinting techniques.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The study area is Mt. Karasawa, located 180 km southwest of the Fukushima nuclear power plant in Tochigi prefecture. The fallout inventory of Cs-137 and Cs-134 is 8 kBq/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;(Kato et al, 2012). The study site has two catchments which are called K2(17ha) and K3(9ha) respectively and the observation period was from August 2010 to August 2019. In K2, strip thinning was performed with heavy machines from June to October 2011 while randomly thinning without heavy machines was applied for K3 from January to March 2013.Soil samples were collected from the slope surface, skid trail and stream bed, which are the possible sources of suspended sediment. The suspended sediment concentration was measured based on the data of the turbidity censor installed in the stream. The particle size distribution and radionuclide concentration of sediment collected from SS sampler and soil samples are also measured. Hysteresis analysis based on suspended sediment concentration and flow rate and fingerprinting using Fukushima-derived Cs-137, Cs-134, and Pb-210ex was applied to determine the contribution of the slope surface layer and streambed to suspended sediment. By using the difference in the depth distribution of Cs-134 and Cs-137, the production source depth of suspended sediment was estimated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the K2 catchment where strip thinning was performed with heavy machinery, suspended sediment concentration during high flow period was rapidly increased up to 2833 mg/L during thinning period and then decreased down to 503 mg/L. On the other hand, in the controlled catchment(K3), no increase in suspended sediment concentration was observed during the same period. By using End- Members Mixing analysis, we found that the contribution of suspended sediment from hillslope increased (from 22% to 50%) more than the stream bed (30%) in the thinning period. Since 2014, the trend has reversed and in 2019, the contribution from the streambed is dominant (50%), and the contribution from slope is decreasing (28%).&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Changing suspended sediment in United States rivers and streams: linking sediment trends to changes in land use/cover, hydrology and climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 991-1010
Author(s):  
Jennifer C. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sediment Runoff ◽  
Systematic Change ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
Streamflow Regime

Abstract. Sediment is one of the leading pollutants in rivers and streams across the United States (US) and the world. Between 1992 and 2012, concentrations of annual mean suspended sediment decreased at over half of the 137 stream sites assessed across the contiguous US. Increases occurred at less than 25 % of the sites, and the direction of change was uncertain at the remaining 25 %. Sediment trends were characterized using the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) model, and decreases in sediment ranged from −95 % to −8.5 % of the 1992 concentration. To explore potential drivers of these changes, the sediment trends were (1) parsed into two broad contributors of change, changes in land management versus changes in the streamflow regime, and (2) grouped by land use of the watershed and correlated to concurrent changes in land use or land cover (land use/cover), hydrology and climate variables and static/long-term watershed characteristics. At 83 % of the sites, changes in land management (captured by changes in the concentration–streamflow relationship over time; C–Q relationship) contributed more to the change in the sediment trend than changes in the streamflow regime alone (i.e., any systematic change in the magnitude, frequency or timing of flows). However, at >50 % of the sites, changes in the streamflow regime contributed at least a 5 % change in sediment, and at 11 sites changes in the streamflow regime contributed over half the change in sediment, indicating that at many sites changes in streamflow were not the main driver of changes in sediment but were often an important supporting factor. Correlations between sediment trends and concurrent changes in land use/cover, hydrology and climate were often stronger at sites draining watersheds with more homogenous, human-related land uses (i.e., agricultural and urban lands) compared to mixed-use or undeveloped lands. At many sites, decreases in sediment occurred despite small-to-moderate increases in the amount of urban or agricultural land in the watershed, suggesting conservation efforts and best-management practices (BMPs) used to reduce sediment runoff to streams may be successful, up to a point, as lands are converted to urban and agricultural uses.

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