Acute toxicity of polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs) in three model aquatic organisms (Scenedesmus obliquus, Daphnia magna, and Danio rerio) of different trophic levels

2022 ◽  
Vol 805 ◽  
pp. 150366
Author(s):  
Wenhui Yang ◽  
Xinxin Huang ◽  
Qiuxuan Wu ◽  
Jiaqi Shi ◽  
Xuesheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Scenedesmus Obliquus ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Diphenyl Ethers ◽  
Polychlorinated Diphenyl Ethers

Chlorinated C 1 and C 2 hydrocarbons in the marine environment

1975 ◽  
Vol 189 (1096) ◽  
pp. 305-332 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Laboratory Bioassay ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
Chemical Manufacture

A range of chlorinated hydrocarbons derived from C 1 and C 2 hydrocarbons is manufactured industrially. They are used as intermediates for further chemical manufacture and also outside the chemical industry as solvents or carriers. In the latter category losses in use are eventually dispersed to the environment. The distribution of some of these compounds, including chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene and trichloroethane, in the environment (air, water and marine sediments) has been investigated and the results are presented. The concentrations found have been compared with acute toxicity levels to fish and other aquatic organisms, ascertained by laboratory bioassay. The occurrence of the compounds has been determined in a number of marine organisms, especially those at higher trophic levels, and the accumulation of some of them has been investigated in the laboratory. Chemical and microbial degradation processes have been studied in the laboratory to help determine the course of their removal from the aqueous and aerial environment, and the half lives of some of the compounds have been estimated. It is concluded that these compounds are not persistent in the environment, and that there is no significant bioaccumulation in marine food chains.

Consensus QSAR models estimating acute toxicity to aquatic organisms from different trophic levels: algae, Daphnia and fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 655-675
Author(s):  
F. Lunghini ◽  
G. Marcou ◽  
P. Azam ◽  
M.H. Enrici ◽  
E. Van Miert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Qsar Models

scholarly journals Acute Toxicity of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes to Three Aquatic Organisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungile P. Lukhele ◽  
Bhekie B. Mamba ◽  
Ndeke Musee ◽  
Victor Wepener
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
Double Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

This study investigated the toxicity of double walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) to three aquatic organisms, namely,Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata,Daphnia pulex, andPoecilia reticulataunder the influence of exposure media properties specifically the ionic strength and organic matter represented by humic acid. Results indicated that ionic strength enhanced DWCNTs agglomeration whilst humic acid stabilized the CNTs and in turn inhibited the formation of aggregates. LC50s forD. pulexwere higher at 2.81 and 4.45 mg/L for pristine and oxidised DWCNTs, respectively; however,P. reticulatahad lower values of 113.64 mg/L and 214.0 mg/L for the same CNTs correspondingly.P. subcapitatahad EC50s of 17.95 mg/L and 10.93 mg/L for the pristine and oxidised DWCNTs, respectively. In the presence of humic acid high DWCNTs acute toxicity towardsD. pulexandP. reticulatawas observed but ionic strength led to opposite effect irrespective of DWCNTs form. Both humic acid and ionic strength shielded theP. subcapitatafrom toxic effects of DWCNTs. Overall, our findings suggest that the toxicity of DWCNTs in the aquatic systems (i) will be dependent on media properties and (ii) is likely to proceed at different rates to organisms at different trophic levels.

scholarly journals Guanicid and PHMG Toxicity Tests on Aquatic Organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Eva Poštulková ◽  
Radovan Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Guanidine Hydrochloride ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Freshwater Algae ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Desmodesmus Communis ◽  
Cyanobacteria And Algae

The emergence and development of new algicidal products is caused by the ever increasing popularity of garden ponds as well as the use of these products in the fisheries sector, especially for disposal of cyanobacteria and algae. Most frequent means of combating cyanobacteria and algae are applications of algicidal substances. Newly developed algaecides include Guanicid and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG). The aim of the study was to identify toxic effects of Guanicid and PHMG on zebrafish (Danio rerio) and green algae (Desmodesmus communis). We determined the acute toxicity in fish according to ČSN EN ISO 7346-1, and conducted the freshwater algae growth inhibition test according to ČSN ISO 8692 methodology. For inhibition tests with green algae we chose Guanicid and PHMG concentrations of 0.001, 0.005, and 0.010 ml/L. For fish short-term acute toxicity tests we chose Guanicid concentrations of 0.010, 0.050, 0.150, 0.200, 0.250, and 0.300 ml/L and PHMG concentrations of 0.010, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100, and 0.125 ml/L. In case of zebrafish (Danio rerio), the LC50 value for Guanicid is 0.086 ml/L, while the LC50 value for PHMG is 0.043 ml/L. Effects of Guanicid on inhibition of green algae (Desmodesmus communis) appear highly significant (p < 0.010) at a concentration of 0.010 ml/L. For PHMG, these effects are highly significant (p < 0.001) at concentrations of 0.005 and 0.010 ml/L in 48 hours.

Acute toxicity of ionic liquids for three freshwater organisms: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Daphnia magna and Danio rerio

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1170-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Pretti ◽  
Cinzia Chiappe ◽  
Ilaria Baldetti ◽  
Sara Brunini ◽  
Gianfranca Monni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Pseudokirchneriella Subcapitata ◽  
Freshwater Organisms

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos to Hospital Effluent Compared to Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri

2020 ◽  
pp. S681-S691
Author(s):  
M WITTLEROVÁ ◽  
G JÍROVÁ ◽  
A VLKOVÁ ◽  
K KEJLOVÁ ◽  
M MALÝ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Fish Embryo ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Aliivibrio Fischeri

The Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity (FET) Test was adopted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development as OECD TG 236 in 2013. The test has been designed to determine acute toxicity of chemicals on embryonic stages of fish and proposed as an alternative method to the Fish Acute Toxicity Test performed according to OECD TG 203. In recent years fish embryos were used not only in the assessment of toxicity of chemicals but also for environmental and wastewater samples. In our study we investigated the acute toxicity of treated wastewater from seven hospitals in the Czech Republic. Our main purpose was to compare the suitability and sensitivity of zebrafish embryos with the sensitivity of two other aquatic organisms commonly used for wastewater testing – Daphnia magna and Aliivibrio fischeri. For the aim of this study, in addition to the lethal endpoints of the FET test, sublethal effects such as delayed heartbeat, lack of blood circulation, pericardial and yolk sac edema, spinal curvature and pigmentation failures were evaluated. The comparison of three species demonstrated that the sensitivity of zebrafish embryos is comparable or in some cases higher than the sensitivity of D. magna and A. fischeri. The inclusion of sublethal endpoints caused statistically significant increase of the FET test efficiency in the range of 1-12 %. Based on our results, the FET test, especially with the addition of sublethal effects evaluation, can be considered as a sufficiently sensitive and useful additional tool for ecotoxicity testing of the acute toxicity potential of hospital effluents.

STUDY OF TOXICITY AND SAFETY OF LIPOPHILIC EXTRACTS OF THE WHITE SEA BROWN ALGAE – FUCUS VESICULOSUS AND LAMINARIA SACCHARINA ON THE DAPHNIA MAGNA STRAUS MODEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
N. P. Podosinovikova ◽  
K. A. Krasnov ◽  
A. A. Bondarenko ◽  
M. L. Alexandrova ◽  
M. A. Zaytseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Method Of Extraction

Assessment of the acute toxicity, safety and biological activity of lipophilic extracts of the White Sea brown algae“– S. latissima and F. vesiculosus– on the model of zoohydrobionts Daphnia magna Straus has been performed.Two methods of obtaining dry lipid concentrate of kelp and fucus were tested. It has been shown that the acute toxicity of the lipid extract of kelp does not depend on the method of its preparation and is about 200 mg/L. The acute toxicity of fucus extract depends on the method of preparation. It is about 100 mg/L in the «cold» method of extraction and increases by an order of magnitude in the «hot» method. To study the biological activity, samples of brown algae obtained by «cold» extraction were used.In chronic experiments, preparations of brown algae were used in a concentration of 8.0 mg/L, which was less than 0,1 LC50 of the acute toxicity of fucus and did not cause toxic effects.For 24 days, the preparations were introduced in contact with Daphnia twice a week. Subsequently, the control and experimental hydrobionts were kept under the same conditions until the death of the last individuals. It has been shown that the preparations of S. latissima and F. vesiculosus in the proposed concentration by 20-30% increased the lifespan of Daphnia in normal conditions and by 50-60% in extreme conditions, while stimulating the reproductive activity of aquatic organisms by 3-4 times. The results obtained suggest that the studied drugs have pronounced adaptogenic and cytoprotective effects.

scholarly journals A comparative study of the acute toxicity of the herbicide atrazine to cladocerans Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Macrothrix flabelligera

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Aparecida Moreira ◽  
Adrislaine da Silva Mansano ◽  
Lidiane Cristina da Silva ◽  
Odete Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Tropical Freshwaters ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Herbicide Atrazine ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

AIM: In this study we compared the sensitivity of three species of Cladocera, Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Macrothrix flabelligera, to the commercial product of the herbicide Atrazine, the Atrazine Atanor 50 SC® (500 g/L), widely used on crops in Brazil. METHODS: Acute toxicity tests were performed at the nominal atrazine concentrations 2.25, 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36 and 72 mg L-1, on C. silvestrii and M. flabelligera and at 2.25, 4.5, 9.0, 18.0, 36, 72 and 144 mg L-1 on D. magna. The range of concentrations tested was established in a series of preliminary tests. RESULTS: The toxicity tests showed that the two species naturally occurring in water bodies in Brazil were more susceptible than Daphnia magna. The effective concentrations of Atrazine Atanor 50 SC® (EC50- 48 h) to the species M. flabelligera, C. silvestrii and D. magna were 12.37 ± 2.67 mg L-1, 14.30 ± 1.55 mg L-1 and 50.41 ± 2.64 mg L-1, respectively. Furthermore, when EC50 observed here for M. flabelligera and C. silvestrii were compared with published values of EC50 or LC50 (mg L-1) for various aquatic organisms exposed to atrazine, it was seen that these two cladocerans were the most sensitive to the herbicide. CONCLUSIONS: Considering these results and the broad distribution of C. silvestrii and M. flabelligera in tropical and subtropical regions, it is concluded that these native species would be valuable test organisms in ecotoxicological tests, for the monitoring of toxic substances in tropical freshwaters.

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