Impacts of gasification biochar and its particle size on the thermal behavior of organic waste co-composting process

2022 ◽  
pp. 153022
Author(s):  
Filippo Ottani ◽  
Massimiliano Parenti ◽  
Simone Pedrazzi ◽  
Giuseppe Moscatelli ◽  
Giulio Allesina
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Composting Process

scholarly journals Monitoring of Physical Parameters in Organic Waste Composting

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Ana Kaline da Costa Ferreira ◽  
Nildo Da Silva Dias ◽  
Daianni Ariane da Costa Ferreira ◽  
Francisco Souto de Sousa Junior ◽  
Moadir De Sousa Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Efficient Measures

The volume of biodegradable solid waste and its inadequate disposal have led to serious environmental problems, requiring efficient measures that prioritize the recycling of these wastes, promoting sustainability. The objective of this research was to monitor the behavior of physical parameters during the organic waste composting process. For this, 5 piles of organic waste were built through the composting technique developed according to the windrow method. The piles were composed of 70% of plant material, and 30% varied between manure and food remains. The piles were composed of 70% of plant material, and 30% varied between manure and food remains. The proportions were: I pile, 1:1 (15% manure and 15% rest of food); Pile II, 2:1 (20% manure and 10% rest of food); Cell III, 1:2 (10% manure and 20% rest of food); (30% manure and 0% rest of food) and the V pile in the ratio of 0:3 (0% manure and 30% rest of food). The evaluated parameters were temperature, moisture, pH, TOC, TN and C/N ratio. During the process of compost maturation, the parameters evaluated were kept within the established standards for the composting process.

scholarly journals Optimization of Organic Waste Composting in Diponegoro University with the Use of Pterocarpus indicus as Bio-activator

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 07008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadel Iqbal Muhammad ◽  
Mochamad Arief Budihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Process Variations ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Conventional Methods

Currently, Diponegoro University has been composting dry leaves with conventional methods through a facility called TPST. Even so, the processing which have been carried out has not been able to process all the organic waste in the location. Seeing these conditions, it is necessary to look for alternatives that are better and more economical to apply. Bioactivators are used from the leaves of Pterocarpus indicus which serve to accelerate the composting process. The bioactivators was made by making a solution of the leaves of Pterocarpus indicus which has been mashed, then mixed with molasses and rice flour and then left for 15 days. By using experimental method, the composting process is observed. This study aims to analyze the quality of compost with applicable standards. The quality of compost is assessed by looking at the pH, temperature, and macro nutrient percentage such as C-organic, N-total, and C / N ratio. During the composting process, variations in the stirring frequency are carried out, which is once every 2 days, 4 days and 7 days. After doing laboratory test, not all reactors meet the standards for pH, temperature, C-organic, N-total, and C / N ratio according to SNI 19-7030-2004.

Anaerobic Co–Digestion of Organic Waste: Influences Particle Size and Concentration Total Solids

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Valderi Duarte Leite ◽  
Crislânne Lemos Viriato ◽  
José Tavares de Sousa ◽  
Wilton Silva Lopes ◽  
Elaine Gurjão de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Total Solids

scholarly journals Composite Compost Produced from Organic Waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Radu Lăcătuşu ◽  
Romeo Căpăţână ◽  
Anca-Rovena Lăcătuşu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Organic Farming Systems ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The soil fertilization in ecological agriculture is done mostly using organic fertilizers. Some of them are prepared as compost from waste, but other haven’t, until now, any recycling possibility. In this context, for the preparation of new types of compost, we used three type of waste: sewage sludge from waste water treatment, marine algae and farmyard manure. We have made four different composting variants, each consisting of different proportions of the three waste: equal parts (33.33%) of each waste, 50% of each of the three wastes separately, the difference being made up in equal amounts (25%) of the other two wastes. Composting process was performed in Könemann silos (cubs with side by 1.20m) and lasted 60 days, from July 19 until September 16, when the composted material has passed the stages of reduction and oxidation. During composting process, in the reductive stage the material has reached a temperature up to 63°C Celsius, enough heat for its sterilization. Initial material, semi composted and final composted material were been chemical analyzed, especially in terms of macro- and microelements, analytical results revealing high and normal content of such chemicals. Therefore the achieved compost could be used in organic farming systems.

Co-composting as an oxygen stabilization of an organic fraction of municipal solid waste and industrial sewage sludge

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1697-1706
Author(s):  
M. Milczarek ◽  
E. Neczaj ◽  
K. Parkitna
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Industrial Sewage ◽  
Industrial Sewage Sludge

The purpose of this work is to study the characteristics of the co-composting of municipal solid waste (MSW), sewage sludge, grass and sawdust. Differing proportions of biodegradable waste were investigated through changes of temperature, oxygen consumption, organic matters, moisture content, carbon, nitrogen, C/N ratio as well as heavy metals and pathogen microorganisms content. The present study has shown that addition of MSW above 10% had a negative impact on the composting process. The initial C/N of the mixtures with a higher MSW content was below 18. Lower losses of organic matter occurred during composting for the mixture with the highest addition of MSW. Although studies have shown that composting is a good method for the disposal of organic waste additional research is required in order to optimize the organic and nitrogen compounds degradation during the co-composting process. In conclusion, a 1:4:4:1 mixture of MSW:sewage sludge:grass:sawdust is recommended because it can achieve high temperature as well as the highest organic matter degradation and highest N content in the final composting product. The concentration of heavy and light metals in all composts was within the limits of regulation of the Polish Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development.

scholarly journals Organic Waste Composting at Versalles: An Alternative That Contributes to the Economic, Social and Environmental Well-Being of Stakeholders

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-164
Author(s):  
Luis Fernando Marmolejo-Rebellón ◽  
Edgar Ricardo Oviedo-Ocaña ◽  
Patricia Torres-Lozada
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
Camino Verde ◽  
Valle Del Cauca

AbstractComposting is one of the most widely used technologies for the recovery and use of organic waste from municipal solid waste (MSW); however, its implementation in some developing countries has mostly been ineffective. This chapter documents the experience of the composting of municipal organic waste in the urban area of ​the municipality of Versalles, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Within the locality, composting of organic waste occurs at an MSW management plant (SWMP), after being separated at the source and selectively collected. The information presented was generated through collaborative research projects, conducted with the cooperation of Camino Verde APC (a community-based organisation providing sanitation services) and Universidad del Valle (Cali, Colombia). The evaluations undertaken show that (i) within the locality, high rates of separation, at the source, in conjunction with selective collection and efficient waste sorting and classification processes in the SWMP, have significantly facilitated the composting process; (ii) the incorporation of locally available amendment or bulking materials (e.g. star grass and cane bagasse) improves the physicochemical quality of the processed organic waste and favours development (i.e. a reduction in process time), leading to an improvement in product quality; (iii) the operation, maintenance and monitoring of the composting process can be carried out by previously trained local human talent; and (iv) revenues from the sale of the final product (compost) are not sufficient to cover the operating costs of the composting process. Despite this current lack of financial viability, the application of technology entails environmental benefits (e.g. a reduction in the generation of greenhouse gases) and social benefits (e.g. employment opportunities), which, given the conditions in the municipality studied, highlight the relevance of this technological option.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and microbiological dynamics in composting of organic waste using a new bioreactor model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suelen Gaspar ◽  
Lucas Assis ◽  
carla Carvalho ◽  
Gustavo Ferreira ◽  
Rosane Schwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Mature Compost

Abstract Background It is important to use renewable resources to minimize the environmental risks and the composting is one of the most sustainable methods for the management of organic waste. Methods The objective of this work was to evaluate the physicochemical dynamics of microorganisms and to study cultivable microorganisms during the composting process of organic residues in a new model of bioreactor. The formulation of a possible cocktail of microorganisms selected for use as a compound accelerator will be further investigated. In addition, the use of two inoculants (non-commercial inoculum (NCI)) and commercial inoculum (CI)) and a control without inoculant during the composting process will be analyzed to evaluate its efficiency. Composting was performed by mixing organic waste from the garden waste and University Restaurant, obtaining an ideal C/N ratio of 30:1. The composting process was carried out in 1 m3 composters with controlled temperature and aeration. Results The thermophilic phase for all treatments was reached by the second day. Mature compost was obtained after an average of 120 days and composting in all treatments showed an increase in the availability of P and micronutrients. During composting, the population of bacteria and actinobacteria were higher than those of yeasts and filamentous fungi. Conclusions Increased composting efficiency was observed when starter cultures were used, the treatments presented advantages such as greater mineralization of P-available and micronutrients as Mn and Zn, in terms of the quality of the final product in comparison to the control treatment.

scholarly journals The effects of Insects on the Physicochemical Characteristics During Composting

2019 ◽  
pp. 2426-2432
Author(s):  
Sayran Yousif Jalal ◽  
Nihal Suhail Hanna ◽  
Yahya Ahmed Shekha
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Composting Process

     Insects have a vital role in solid waste composting process. Insects are detritus feeders that enhance changing the physical and chemical properties of decomposed materials during composting processes. This behavior makes insects excellent organisms in recycling of organic matter. The present study assesses the success of insects’ population in relation with the degradation of solid waste.  The study was carried out in the glass house facility of the College of Science, Salahaddin University in Erbil City, Kurdistan region of Iraq, using household organic waste. During composting process, three stages of lifecycle of insects were observed and recorded. The total number of insects reached to 1268 individuals, belonging to the orders Coleoptera and Diptera, class Insects. Diptera individuals were the most abundant insects with 95.4% of the total belonged to four families (Muscidae, Calliphoridae, Ulidiidae and Milichiidae). Coleoptera individuals represented 4.6% of the total number, belonging to three families (Promecheilidae, Staphylinidae and Salpingidae). The measured physicochemical characteristics of the compost included: pH, EC, moisture, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorous and organic matter. The pH value of the composts ranged from 7.79 to 7.97. Organic carbon content and organic matter content ranged from 20.16 to 26.99 % and 34.67 to 46.23 %, respectively. It can concluded that household waste compost is not just a waste but has the potential to be transformed into a good quality organic fertilizer through composting. Composting can convert solid organic waste into a valuable added material.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE OF EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH AND RATIO OF BIOSLUDGE OF PULP AND PAPER ON BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN COMPOSTING PROCESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Desri Hastuti ◽  
Ida Idayu Muhamad ◽  
Roshanida Abdul Rahman ◽  
Gading Sahyoga ◽  
Abdul Gafur
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Crude Palm Oil ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Population Peak ◽  
Effect Of Particle Size

The abundance of empty fruit bunches (EFB) is a result of many palm oil industries increasing their crude palm oil production. Composting is a good, environmentally friendly alternative to overcome EFB. Two different ratios of EFB with biosludge of pulp and paper of 1 : 1 and 3 : 2, respectively, were used in this composting. The particle size of EFB was set into three different sizes of 0.5; 1.5 and 2.5 cm. The best treatment that was obtained from this study was SR4 where the EFB particle size was 1.5 cm, and the ratio between EFB and biosludge of pulp and paper was 3 : 2, respectively. The nitrogen value of SR4 increased from 1.41% to 2.71%, and C/N ratio decreased from 36.74 to 12.17 in 90 days. The population peak of bacteria of SR4 in the thermopilic phase achieved about 33.67 x 1010 cfu/g. These two treatment combinations had shown an increase in EFB composting efficiency.

POTENSI KOMPOSTING SAMPAH SKALA RUMAH TANGGA UNTUK MEREDUKSI TIMBULAN SAMPAH (Pilot Proyek di Perumahan Puspiptek Serpong) = Potential Scale of Household Waste Composting to Reduce Waste Generation (Pilot Project in Puspiptek Serpong Residence)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Firman L. Sahawan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Waste ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Potential Scale ◽  
Mature Compost ◽  
Aerobic Decomposition ◽  
One Year

The position of composting household waste in terms of waste management at the macro level is very important, because household acts as a source of waste. When organic waste at household can be composted, then the waste transported to landfill will be reduced, so that the transportation costs of transporting waste involved is reduced, beside can extend the life of the landfill. To determine the effectiveness of household-scale composting process using aerobic composter, its potential in reducing household waste generation, as well as the quality of the resulting compost, we conducted this study. The results showed that: the composting process using "composter" aerobics can be run well and fairly effective, as well as describing the process of aerobic decomposition. It is heavily influenced by the composting process of assistance given to environment volunteers. Potential production of compost that can be generated by each family in one year as much as 43 kg, for families who have 1 (one) composter and 86 kg for a family that has 2 (two) composters. While the potential to reduce household waste generation by 21%, to which has 1 composter, and 42% to which has 2 composters. The compost production has good quality because it is free from microbial contaminants (pathogens), meet the requirements of mature compost and generally meet the parameters required by Permentan No 70 of 2011 or SNI compost of 2004. Keywords: composting, household waste, composter and reduction of waste generationAbstrakPosisi pengomposan sampah rumah tangga dalam kerangka pengelolaan sampah secara makro sangat penting, karena rumah tangga berperan sebagai sumber sampah. Apabila sampah organik di rumah tanggga dapat dikomposkan, maka sampah yang diangkut ke TPA menjadi berkurang, sehingga biaya transportasi pengangkutan sampah ikut berkurang, selain dapat memperpanjang umur TPA. Untuk mengetahui efektifitas proses komposting skala rumah tangga menggunakan komposter aerobik, potensinya dalam mereduksi timbulan sampah rumah tangga, serta kualitas kompos yang dihasilkan, maka dilakukanlah penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: proses pengomposan menggunakan ”komposter” aerobik dapat berjalan dengan baik dan cukup efektif, serta menggambarkan proses dekomposisi secara aerobik. Hal tersebut sangat dipengaruhi oleh proses pendampingan pembuatan kompos yang tetap diberikan kepada kader lingkungan. Potensi produksi kompos yang dapat dihasilkan oleh masing-masing keluarga dalam 1 tahun sebanyak 43 kg, untuk keluarga yang memiliki 1 buah komposter dan 86 kg untuk keluarga yang memiliki 2 buah komposter. Sedangkan potensinya untuk mereduksi timbulan sampah rumah tangga sebesar 21%, untuk yang memiliki 1 komposter, dan 42% untuk yang memiliki 2 komposter. Produk kompos yang dihasilkan berkualitas baik karena bebas dari mikroba kontaminan (patogen),memenuhi persyaratan kompos matang dan secara umum memenuhi parameter-parameter yang dipersyaratkan oleh Permentan No. 70 Tahun 2011 atau SNI kompos Tahun 2004.Kata kunci: Komposting, sampah rumah tangga, komposter dan reduksi timbulan sampah

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