Deciphering the environmental impact on spike architectural traits for grain yield consolidation in bread wheat (T. aestivum L.)

Abstract Background The heterologous expression of isopentenyl transferase (IPT) under the transcriptional control of the senescence-associated receptor-like kinase (SARK) promoter delayed cellular senescence and, through it, increased drought tolerance in plants. To evaluate the effect of pSARK::IPT expression in bread wheat, six independent transgenic events were obtained through the biolistic method and evaluated transgene expression, phenology, grain yield and physiological biomass components in plants grown under both drought and well-irrigating conditions. Experiments were performed at different levels: (i) pots and (ii) microplots inside a biosafety greenhouse, as well as under (iii) field conditions. Results Two transgenic events, called TR1 and TR4, outperformed the wild-type control under drought conditions. Transgenic plants showed higher yield under both greenhouse and field conditions, which was positively correlated to grain number (given by more spikes and grains per spike) than wild type. Interestingly, this yield advantage of the transgenic events was observed under both drought and well-watered conditions. Conclusions The results obtained allow us to conclude that the SARK promoter-regulated expression of the IPT gene in bread wheat not only reduced the yield penalty produced by water stress but also led to improved productivity under well-watered conditions.

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Nutrient uptake, use efficiency and productivity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as affected by nitrogen and potassium fertilizer in Keddida Gamela Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS RESEARCH ◽

10.1186/s40068-020-00210-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Temesgen Godebo ◽

Fanuel Laekemariam ◽

Gobeze Loha

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Block Design ◽

N Uptake ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

K Fertilizer ◽

Use Efficiency

AbstractBread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in Ethiopia. The productivity of wheat is markedly constrained by nutrient depletion and inadequate fertilizer application. The experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilizer rates on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and use efficiency during 2019 cropping season on Kedida Gamela Woreda, Kembata Tembaro Zone Southern Ethiopia. Factorial combinations of four rates of N (0, 23, 46 and 69 kg Nha−1) and three rates of K2O (0, 30 and 60 kg Nha−1) in the form of urea (46–0-0) and murate of potash (KCl) (0-0-60) respectively, were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that most parameters viz yield, yield components, N uptake and use efficiency revealed significant differences (P < 0.05) due to interaction effects of N and K. Fertilizer application at the rate of 46 N and 30 kg K ha−1 resulted in high grain yield of 4392 kg ha− 1 and the lowest 1041 from control. The highest agronomic efficiency of N (52.5) obtained from the application of 46 kg N ha−1. Maximum physiological efficiency of N (86.6 kg kg−1) and use efficiency of K (58.6%) was recorded from the interaction of 46 and 30 kg K ha−1. Hence, it could be concluded that applying 46 and 30 kg K ha−1was resulted in high grain yield and economic return to wheat growing farmers of the area. Yet, in order to draw sound conclusion, repeating the experiment in over seasons and locations is recommended.

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Genetic control of grain yield and grain physical characteristics in a bread wheat population grown under a range of environmental conditions

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-014-2322-y ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 127 (7) ◽

pp. 1607-1624 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Lancelot Maphosa ◽

Peter Langridge ◽

Helen Taylor ◽

Boris Parent ◽

Livinus C. Emebiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Genetic Control ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Wheat Population

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The Expression of TaRca2-α Gene Associated with Net Photosynthesis Rate, Biomass and Grain Yield in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Field Conditions

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0161308 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. e0161308 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Iqbal Saeed ◽

Daoura Goudia Bachir ◽

Liang Chen ◽

Yin-Gang Hu

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Photosynthesis Rate ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Net Photosynthesis Rate

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Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Stomata and Yield Indices in Bread Wheat under Water Limited Conditions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081646 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1646

Author(s):

Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed ◽

Muhammad Nouman Iqbal ◽

Muhammad Arslan Iqbal ◽

Yawen Zeng ◽

Aziz Ullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Significant Snps ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Genome Wide Association ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Leaf Venation ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Stomata Size

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed for stomata- and yield-related attributes with high-density Illumina 90 K Infinium SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) array in bread wheat to determine genetic potential of germplasm for scarce water resources with sustainable yield potential. Major yield and stomata attributes were phenotyped on a panel of Pakistani and foreign accessions grown in non-stressed and water shortage environments during two seasons. Highly significant variations were shown among accessions in both conditions for examined characteristics. Water shortage conditions reduced the overall wheat yield and strong positive correlation existed among stomatal frequency, leaf venation and grain yield per plant. Population structure analyses based on 90,000 SNP data classified the accessions into four sub-populations which indicated the presence of genetic variability. Marker-trait association (MTA) analyses revealed that 422 significant SNPs at p ≤ 10−3, after crossing the false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05 threshold, were linked with examined attributes. Pleiotropic loci (wsnp_Ex_c8913_14881924 and Tdurum_contig10598_304) were associated with flag leaf area (FLA), stomata size (SS), stomata frequency (SF), leaf venation (LV), number of grain per spike (NGS) and grain yield per plant (GYP), which were located on chromosome 4B and 6B at the positions 173.63cM and 229.64cM, respectively, under water shortage conditions. Pleotropic loci wsnp_Ex_c24167_33416760, wsnp_Ex_c5412_9564046 and Tdurum_contig81797_369 on chromosomes 7A, 2A and 4B at the positions 148.26cM, 261.05cM and 173.63cM, respectively, were significantly linked with stomata and yield indices such as FLA, SS, SF, LV, NGS and GYP under normal and water shortage conditions. The current experiment not only validated several MTAs for studied indices reported in other studies but also discovered novel MTAs significant under water shortage environments. Associated and significant SNPs will be useful in discovering novel genes underpinning water shortage tolerance in bread wheat for producing high-yielding and drought tolerant wheat varieties to fulfill the wheat demand for growing populations.

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