Athermal Artificial Muscles with Drastically Improved Work Capacity from pH-Responsive Coiled Polymer Fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 129703
Author(s):  
Sevketcan Sarikaya ◽  
Frank Gardea ◽  
Jeffrey T. Auletta ◽  
Jamshid Kavosi ◽  
Alex Langrock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Capacity ◽  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Ph Responsive

Modeling and Control of Fishing-Line/Sewing-Thread Artificial Muscles (Twisted and Coiled Polymer Fibers, TCPFs)

2019 ◽  
pp. 581-596
Author(s):  
Kentaro Takagi ◽  
Norihiro Kamamichi ◽  
Ken Masuya ◽  
Kenji Tahara ◽  
Toshihira Irisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Sewing Thread ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals New twist on artificial muscles

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (42) ◽  
pp. 11709-11716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carter S. Haines ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Geoffrey M. Spinks ◽  
Ali E. Aliev ◽  
Jiangtao Di ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
New Class ◽  
Hysteretic Performance ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Thermally Actuated ◽  
Sewing Threads ◽  
Response To Temperature

Lightweight artificial muscle fibers that can match the large tensile stroke of natural muscles have been elusive. In particular, low stroke, limited cycle life, and inefficient energy conversion have combined with high cost and hysteretic performance to restrict practical use. In recent years, a new class of artificial muscles, based on highly twisted fibers, has emerged that can deliver more than 2,000 J/kg of specific work during muscle contraction, compared with just 40 J/kg for natural muscle. Thermally actuated muscles made from ordinary polymer fibers can deliver long-life, hysteresis-free tensile strokes of more than 30% and torsional actuation capable of spinning a paddle at speeds of more than 100,000 rpm. In this perspective, we explore the mechanisms and potential applications of present twisted fiber muscles and the future opportunities and challenges for developing twisted muscles having improved cycle rates, efficiencies, and functionality. We also demonstrate artificial muscle sewing threads and textiles and coiled structures that exhibit nearly unlimited actuation strokes. In addition to robotics and prosthetics, future applications include smart textiles that change breathability in response to temperature and moisture and window shutters that automatically open and close to conserve energy.

scholarly journals Origami hand for soft robotics driven by thermally controlled polymeric fiber actuators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan ◽  
Marc Behl ◽  
Karl Kratz ◽  
Andreas Lendlein
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Soft Robotics ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Smart Textiles ◽  
Single Fibers ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Polymeric Fiber

AbstractActive fibers can serve as artificial muscles in robotics or components of smart textiles. Here, we present an origami hand robot, where single fibers control the reversible movement of the fingers. A recovery/contracting force of 0.2 N with a work capacity of 0.175 kJ kg−1 was observed in crosslinked poly[ethylene-co-(vinyl acetate)] (cPEVA) fibers, which could enable the bending movement of the fingers by contraction upon heating. The reversible opening of the fingers was attributed to a combination of elastic recovery force of the origami structure and crystallization-induced elongation of the fibers upon cooling. Graphic abstract

Investigation of Actuation-Size Effects in pH-Responsive Polymer Artificial Muscles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevketcan Sarikaya ◽  
Frank Gardea ◽  
Jeffrey Auletta ◽  
Jamshid Kavosi ◽  
Alex Langrock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Effects ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Responsive Polymer

scholarly journals Stretchable artificial muscles from coiled polymer fibers

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (19) ◽  
pp. 2917-2927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey M. Spinks
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Image Position

Abstract

Enhancing the Work Capacity of Electrochemical Artificial Muscles by Coiling Plies of Twist-Released Carbon Nanotube Yarns

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 13533-13537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keon Jung Kim ◽  
Jae Sang Hyeon ◽  
Hyunsoo Kim ◽  
Tae Jin Mun ◽  
Carter S. Haines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Carbon Nanotube Yarns

scholarly journals A Modeling of Twisted and Coiled Polymer Artificial Muscles Based on Elastic Rod Theory

Actuators ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunbing Wu ◽  
Wen Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Artificial Muscle ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Elastic Rod ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
Rod Theory ◽  
The Impact

Twisted and coiled polymer (TCP) can generate large stroke and output high power density, making it a promising artificial muscle. Thermally induced muscles fabricated from nylon or other polymer fibers can be used in robotic, biomedical devices, and energy-harvesting equipment. While fibers with different shapes and materials have different optimal process parameters. Understanding mechanisms of TCP forming and the impact of process parameters is critical to explore stronger, more powerful artificial muscles. In this paper, an elastic-rod-theory-based model was established for capturing the quantitative relationship between tensile actuation and fabrication load. Further experimental results agree with model calculation and TCP muscles used in our research reaches maximum stroke of 52.6%, strain up to 9.8 MPa, and power density of 211.89 J/kg.

Dual high-stroke and high–work capacity artificial muscles inspired by DNA supercoiling

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (53) ◽  
pp. eabf4788
Author(s):  
Geoffrey M. Spinks ◽  
Nicolas D. Martino ◽  
Sina Naficy ◽  
David J. Shepherd ◽  
Javad Foroughi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Double Helix ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Dna Supercoiling ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Alternative Mechanism ◽  
Active System ◽  
Miniature Robots ◽  
Drive Systems ◽  
High Work

Powering miniature robots using actuating materials that mimic skeletal muscle is attractive because conventional mechanical drive systems cannot be readily downsized. However, muscle is not the only mechanically active system in nature, and the thousandfold contraction of eukaryotic DNA into the cell nucleus suggests an alternative mechanism for high-stroke artificial muscles. Our analysis reveals that the compaction of DNA generates a mass-normalized mechanical work output exceeding that of skeletal muscle, and this result inspired the development of composite double-helix fibers that reversibly convert twist to DNA-like plectonemic or solenoidal supercoils by simple swelling and deswelling. Our modeling-optimized twisted fibers give contraction strokes as high as 90% with a maximum gravimetric work 36 times higher than skeletal muscle. We found that our supercoiling coiled fibers simultaneously provide high stroke and high work capacity, which is rare in other artificial muscles.

scholarly journals Harvesting temperature fluctuations as electrical energy using torsional and tensile polymer muscles

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3336-3344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Hyeong Kim ◽  
Márcio D. Lima ◽  
Mikhail E. Kozlov ◽  
Carter S. Haines ◽  
Geoffrey M. Spinks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Sewing Thread

Low-grade waste heat is harvested as electrical energy by employing thermally-powered torsional and tensile artificial muscles made from inexpensive polymer fibers used for fishing line and sewing thread.

Artificial muscles made of chiral two-way shape memory polymer fibers

2016 ◽  
Vol 109 (18) ◽  
pp. 183701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianxi Yang ◽  
Jizhou Fan ◽  
Guoqiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Artificial Muscles
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