scholarly journals Harvesting temperature fluctuations as electrical energy using torsional and tensile polymer muscles

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3336-3344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Hyeong Kim ◽  
Márcio D. Lima ◽  
Mikhail E. Kozlov ◽  
Carter S. Haines ◽  
Geoffrey M. Spinks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Sewing Thread

Low-grade waste heat is harvested as electrical energy by employing thermally-powered torsional and tensile artificial muscles made from inexpensive polymer fibers used for fishing line and sewing thread.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of an Active Thermomagnetic Device for Thermal Energy Harvesting

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makita R. Phillips ◽  
Gregory P. Carman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Applied Field ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Thermal Energy Harvesting ◽  
Magnetic States ◽  
Energy Harvesting Devices

Abstract The abundance of low-grade waste heat necessitates energy harvesting devices to convert thermal energy to electrical energy. Through magnetic transduction, thermomagnetics can perform this conversion at reasonable efficiencies. Thermomagnetic materials use thermal energy to switch between magnetic and non-magnetic states and convert thermal energy into electrical energy. In this study, we numerically analyzed an active thermomagnetic device for thermal energy harvesting composed of gadolinium (Gd) and neodymium iron boron (NdFeB). A parametric study to determine the device efficiency was conducted by varying the gap distance, heat source temperature, and Gd thickness. Furthermore, the effect of the thermal conductance and applied field was also evaluated. It was found that the relative efficiency for smaller gap distances ranges from ∼15% to 28%; the largest allowable volume of Gd should be used and higher applied field leads to higher efficiencies.

Modeling and Control of Fishing-Line/Sewing-Thread Artificial Muscles (Twisted and Coiled Polymer Fibers, TCPFs)

2019 ◽  
pp. 581-596
Author(s):  
Kentaro Takagi ◽  
Norihiro Kamamichi ◽  
Ken Masuya ◽  
Kenji Tahara ◽  
Toshihira Irisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Modeling And Control ◽  
Sewing Thread ◽  
And Control

Generating Renewable Electric Power and Reducing Carbon Footprint by Converting Low-Grade Heat to Electrical Energy

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Halsband
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Heat ◽  
Stack Gas

Recent technological developments in expander design and next generation refrigerants have made implementation of the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) a viable strategy for converting low grade heat into valuable amounts of recoverable, green electrical power. This green process reduces the typical plants carbon footprint. A brief review of the technical drivers of a typical ORC design will be followed with examples of waste heat energy sources in a typical 50 MMGPY biofuels plant. A Case History will be presented for potential energy sources to drive the process that will include 1.) 15 psig steam / condensate return 2.) Boiler stack gas 3.) Dryer stack gas emissions with expected converted electrical energy yields. Impact of energy savings and reducing total plant carbon emissions will also be addressed.

scholarly journals Lead-free relaxor-ferroelectric thin films for energy harvesting from low-grade waste-heat

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrit P. Sharma ◽  
Makhes K. Behera ◽  
Dhiren K. Pradhan ◽  
Sangram K. Pradhan ◽  
Carl E. Bonner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Ferroelectric Materials ◽  
Relaxor Ferroelectric ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Pyroelectric Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Energy From Waste

AbstractOne of the ways to mitigate the world energy crisis is to harvest clean and green energy from waste-heat, which is abundant, ubiquitous, and free. Energy harvesting of this waste-heat is one of the most encouraging methods to capture freely accessible electrical energy. Ferroelectric materials can be used to harvest energy for low power electronic devices, as they exhibit switchable polarization, excellent piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. The most important characteristic of ferroelectric materials, in the context of energy harvesting, is their ability to generate electric power from a time-dependent temperature change. In this work, we grew highly c-axis oriented heterostructures of BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (barium zirconium titanate, BZT)/Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3 (barium calcium titanate, BCT) on SrRuO3 (strontium ruthenate, SRO) and deposited on SrTiO3 (strontium titanate, STO) single crystalline substrate using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. We investigated the structural, electrical, dielectric, and pyroelectric properties of the above-mentioned fabricated heterostructures. The wide range of θ–2θ X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns only shows (00l) reflection peaks of heterostructures and the substrate which confirmed that the films are highly c-axis oriented. We are also capable to convert the low-grade waste-heat into electrical energy by measuring various temperature-dependent ferroelectric hysteresis loops of our nanostructure films via pyroelectric Ericsson cycles and the structures show an energy conversion density ~ 10,970 kJ/m3 per cycle. These devices exhibit a large pyroelectric current density of ~ 25 mA/m2 with 11.8 °C of temperature fluctuation and the corresponding pyroelectric coefficient of 3425 μC/m2K. Our research findings suggest that these lead-free relaxor-ferroelectric heterostructures might be the potential candidates to harvest electrical energy from waste low-grade thermal energy.

scholarly journals Intercalation Electrochemistry for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting from Temperature Fluctuations

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Heubner ◽  
Tobias Liebmann ◽  
Michael Schneider ◽  
Alexander Michaelis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Thermoelectric Energy ◽  
Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Way

The effective use of energy from sustainable sources is considered a crucial step on the way to a CO2-neutral economy. Low-grade waste heat (< 100°C) is widely and ubiquitously available,...

Review of Liquid-Based Systems to Recover Low-Grade Waste Heat for Electrical Energy Generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-175
Author(s):  
Chun Cheng ◽  
Yawen Dai ◽  
Jie Yu ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Sijia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Electrical Energy Generation

Sludge Disposal from an Island Community

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 33-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. C. Gross ◽  
R. R. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Disposal Option ◽  
Total Process ◽  
Island Community ◽  
Farm Produce

The small island of Jersey is served by a single wastewater treatment plant at Bellozanne. Since its inception some 30 years ago the sludge produced has been used on agricultural land. Inevitably there are circumstances which prevent this happening without interruption, eg, poor weather, or seasonal demand. On these occasions, the island has no other disposal option to fall back on. Furthermore, concerns over the practice have created a perception that it might be doing harm to the ‘quality' of the farm produce. The responsible body, the Public Services Department, formulated a flexible, multiple option solution and commissioned Halcrow to engineer the capital works. The works centre around a thermal drying plant using biogas produced by the digestion process as the main fuel. Waste heat is recovered for digester heating making the total process potentially self sufficient in energy. At the same time, the bulk of the product is reduced considerably, providing an easily transported material with potential for use directly on the land as a fertilizer substitute or as a low grade fuel. Farfrom being a disposal problem requiring manpower and expense, sludge will soon be regarded by the States of Jersey as a valuable resource with a revenue potential.

Effect of Electron-Phonon Coupling on Transport Properties of Monolayers of ZrS2, BiI3 and PbI2: A thermoelectric Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Sharma ◽  
Vineet Kumar Pandey ◽  
Shouvik Datta ◽  
Prasenjit Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Band Structure ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Thermoelectric Materials ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Transport Coefficients ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Phonon Coupling ◽  
Electron Phonon Coupling

Thermoelectric materials are used for conversion of waste heat to electrical energy. The transport coefficients that determine their thermoelectric properties depend on the band structure and the relaxation time of...

scholarly journals Thermoelectric Properties of Carbon Nanotubes

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen T. Hung ◽  
Ahmad R. T. Nugraha ◽  
Riichiro Saito
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Quantum Confinement Effect ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
High Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Te Material ◽  
P Type ◽  
State Device ◽  
Solid State Device

Thermoelectric (TE) material is a class of materials that can convert heat to electrical energy directly in a solid-state-device without any moving parts and that is environmentally friendly. The study and development of TE materials have grown quickly in the past decade. However, their development goes slowly by the lack of cheap TE materials with high Seebeck coefficient and good electrical conductivity. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are particularly attractive as TE materials because of at least three reasons: (1) CNTs possess various band gaps depending on their structure, (2) CNTs represent unique one-dimensional carbon materials which naturally satisfies the conditions of quantum confinement effect to enhance the TE efficiency and (3) CNTs provide us with a platform for developing lightweight and flexible TE devices due to their mechanical properties. The TE power factor is reported to reach 700–1000 W / m K 2 for both p-type and n-type CNTs when purified to contain only doped semiconducting CNT species. Therefore, CNTs are promising for a variety of TE applications in which the heat source is unlimited, such as waste heat or solar heat although their figure of merit Z T is still modest (0.05 at 300 K). In this paper, we review in detail from the basic concept of TE field to the fundamental TE properties of CNTs, as well as their applications. Furthermore, the strategies are discussed to improve the TE properties of CNTs. Finally, we give our perspectives on the tremendous potential of CNTs-based TE materials and composites.

Athermal Artificial Muscles with Drastically Improved Work Capacity from pH-Responsive Coiled Polymer Fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 129703
Author(s):  
Sevketcan Sarikaya ◽  
Frank Gardea ◽  
Jeffrey T. Auletta ◽  
Jamshid Kavosi ◽  
Alex Langrock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Work Capacity ◽  
Polymer Fibers ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Ph Responsive
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