Spatial heterogeneity provides organic matter refuges for soil microbial activity in the Patagonian steppe, Argentina

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1348-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Gonzalez-Polo ◽  
Amy T. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Patagonian Steppe ◽  
Soil Microbial

scholarly journals The Relationship between Winter Temperature Rise and Soil Fertility properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. ASWR.S8599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Guoju ◽  
Zhang Qiang ◽  
Bi Jiangtao ◽  
Zhang Fengju ◽  
Luo Chengke
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Winter Temperature ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial

The effects of winter temperature rises on soil microbial activity, nutrient and salinity in Ningxia Plain were studied in a field experiment using an infrared radiator to raise temperatures. Winter temperature rises led to increases in soil organic matter, available phosphorus, soil pH and total salt content, but decreased the available nitrogen in soil and the activities of soil catalase, urease and phosphatase. With a winter temperature of 0.5 °C-2.0 °C, the activities of soil catalase, urease and phosphatase were respectively decreased by 0.08-1.20 mL g-1, 0.004-0.019 mg g-1, and 0.10-0.25 mg kg-1; soil organic matter was increased by 0.01-0.62 g kg-1, available nitrogen decreased by 2.45-4.66 g kg-1, available phosphorus increased by 2.92-5.74 g kg-1; soil pH increased by 0.42-0.67, and total salt increased by 0.39-0.50 g kg-1. Winter temperature rises decreased soil microbial activity, accelerated the decomposition of soil nutrients, and intensified soil salinization.

scholarly journals Response of soil microbiota to nine-year application of swine manure and urea

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Morales ◽  
Mónica Machado Vargas ◽  
Michele Pottes de Oliveira ◽  
Bruna Lunarde Taffe ◽  
Jucinei Comin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT: Manure fertilization is a common practice, but little is known about its impacts on soil microbial activity and organic matter. Aiming to evaluate soil microbial response to nine years of successive applications of swine manure, organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), pH, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), and enzyme (ß-glucosidase, phosphatase, arylsulphatase, and FDA) activities were measured in the 0-10cm soil layer, in a no-tillage system. Treatments were: control soil without fertilization (C), and application of two doses (104 and 209kg of N ha-1year-1) of urea (U1 and U2), pig slurry (PS1 and PS2) and deep litter (DL1 and DL2). TOC, TN, soil pH, MBC, and BR increased in soil fertilized with DL, and were lower in U treatments. Soils with U and DL application had higher qCO2, related to different sources of stressors like nutrient imbalance. Phosphatase and ß-glucosidase activities were not affected by treatments, increased with time, and had a strong correlation with MBC. We conclude that long-term swine manure applications increase microbial activity and soil organic matter, mainly in DL form; while urea applications have negative impacts on these indicators.

scholarly journals Study on the Revitalization Potential of Thermal-treated Soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Vermes ◽  
B. Biró
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbial Inocula

A pot experiment was set up at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Horticultural Sciences of the Szent István University in 2001 investigating the revitalization effect of selected treatments on thermal-treated soils and other production substances. In the experiment 6 factors and 7 treatments were used, each in 4 replicates, using rape ( Brassica napus DC ) as test plant. During the time period of the experiment (29 May-17 August) continuous observations and measurements were conducted, plant and soil analyses - chemical and microbiological - were made to establish the main effects and results of the different treatments. These are discussed in the paper in detail. Although the soil-vitalization procedures were of great success, no treatment in the experiment had an extremely positive effect. Various additives, however could enhance the re-colonization processes significantly.  According to the basic factors (the soils or substrates) the best treatments were: the A1 (clay-pearl) additive and the C2, C3 factors (the medium and low temperature soil treatments).  Among the treatment combinations, treatments IV and VII were the best ( compost and compost + inocula addition). This fact shows that the compost in a good quality, and the compost enriched, compost extracted microbial inocula can play the most important role in the revitalization of thermal-treated soils. Manure addition and the manure + inocula treatment can also be used as a prominent treatment in the restoration, to increase the organic matter content and the microbial activity in soils. The single alga- and microbial inocula treatment was not successful permanently, therefore their use - without adding any parallel organic matter - cannot be recommended. Investigations of the soil microbial activity showed that the lowest temperature of thermal treatments had resulted a more effective revitalization. The clay-pearl additive increased the persistency and activity of the microbes in the soil. It was also obviously found that the organic additives with or without the microbial inoculations could be used potentially as the best soil revitalization treatments. 

scholarly journals Substrate spatial heterogeneity reduces soil microbial activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 108068
Author(s):  
Andong Shi ◽  
Arjun Chakrawal ◽  
Stefano Manzoni ◽  
Benjamin M.C. Fischer ◽  
Naoise Nunan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial

Tea Bag Index as potential indicator for soil microbial activity.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gera Van Os ◽  
Karin Pepers ◽  
Jaap Bloem ◽  
Joeke Postma ◽  
Johnny Visser
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Rooibos Tea ◽  
Tea Bag Index

<p>Worldwide there is an enormous interest in microbial indicators for soil quality, since this reflects the potential capacity for soil ecosystem functions i.e. nutrient cycles, carbon storage, biodiversity and resilience to climate change. Farmers are anxious to measure the effects of different soil management practices in order to improve soil quality and attain sustainable food production. Despite the rapid developments in (molecular) measurement techniques, adequately validated and affordable methods for field measurements on soil microbial activity are still lacking. Nowadays, farmers participate in campaigns to bury cotton undies in order to measure biological activity in their fields (Soil your undies).  If there’s not much left of the undies after a couple of months, this supposedly indicates good soil health. Of course this is by no means a quantitative nor validated indicator.</p><p>An elegant, cheap and simple method to measure biological activity in soil is the Tea Bag Index (TBI). This method was developed to determine the global variation in decomposition rate of organic matter by the soil microflora as influenced by abiotic circumstances. The TBI consists of two parameters describing decomposition and stabilization of organic matter by measuring weight loss of green tea and rooibos tea bags that have been buried in the soil for three months. The method is designed to discriminate contrasting ecosystems and, within ecosystems, differences in factors such as soil temperature and moisture content (Keuskamp et al. 2013, doi: 10.1111/2041-210X.12097).</p><p>Our research aimed to assess the possibility to use the TBI as an indicator for soil microbial activity, considering its sensitivity and robustness to discriminate between agricultural soil management practices that are known to have a significant impact on soil microbial diversity and activity. The responsiveness to soil pasteurization and organic amendments was investigated under both controlled and field conditions. The TBI decomposition rate differed significantly between both tea varieties (green tea > rooibos tea). Organic amendments had little or no effect. The TBI-results were plotted against some more established biochemical indicators which are sensitive to soil management and often related to microbial biomass, i.e. hot water extractable carbon, potentially mineralizable nitrogen and fungal biomass. Results are discussed, as well as factors which complicate the interpretation of TBI data with respect to soil microbial activity.</p>

Soil microbial activity in relation to dissolved organic matter properties under different tree species

2013 ◽  
Vol 377 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oili Kiikkilä ◽  
Sanna Kanerva ◽  
Veikko Kitunen ◽  
Aino Smolander
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Protease Activity in Forest Floor of Norway Spruce Stand

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Ladislav Holik ◽  
Jiří Volánek ◽  
Valerie Vranová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Chlorocholine Chloride ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Transformation Processes

Soil proteases are involved in organic matter transformation processes and, thus, influence ecosystem nutrient turnovers. Phytohormones, similarly to proteases, are synthesized and secreted into soil by fungi and microorganisms, and regulate plant rhizosphere activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of auxins, cytokinins, ethephon, and chlorocholine chloride on spruce forest floor protease activity. It was concluded that the presence of auxins stimulated native proteolytic activity, specifically synthetic auxin 2-naphthoxyacetic acid (16% increase at added quantity of 5 μg) and naturally occurring indole-3-acetic acid (18%, 5 μg). On the contrary, cytokinins, ethephon and chlorocholine chloride inhibited native soil protease activity, where ethephon (36% decrease at 50 μg) and chlorocholine chloride (34%, 100 μg) showed the highest inhibitory effects. It was concluded that negative phytohormonal effects on native proteolytic activity may slow down organic matter decomposition rates and hence complicate plant nutrition. The study enhances the understanding of rhizosphere exudate effects on soil microbial activity and soil nitrogen cycle.

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