Per Capita CO2 Emissions Divergence Influenced by Bilateral Trade with China under the Belt and Road Initiative

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wu ◽  
Xunpeng Shi ◽  
Cong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Belt And Road

scholarly journals Trade and Infrastructure in the Belt and Road Initiative: A Gravity Analysis Based on Revealed Trade Preferences

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Cristina Di Stefano ◽  
P. Lelio Iapadre ◽  
Ilaria Salvati
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Total Trade ◽  
Multilateral Trade ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Trade Preferences ◽  
Entire Network ◽  
The Belt And Road

This paper aims at investigating whether and how the intensity of trade between a pair of countries changes when they experience improvements in their infrastructural systems. We carry out our analysis considering countries participating in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), a project specifically designed to promote infrastructural connectivity and therefore boost trade among the countries involved. Our empirical strategy relies on a particular specification of the gravity model, in which the dependent variable consists in an index of revealed trade preferences, calculated by comparing the actual value of trade flows between two countries with their expected value, proportional to the two countries’ total trade. Such methodology allows us to estimate bilateral trade intensity without resorting to the traditional “size” variables of the gravity model, taking the entire network of multilateral trade into account. We then study the possible impact of an improvement in infrastructure on a ‘gravity-adjusted’ measure of trade preferences, given by the residuals of our first estimations. Our results indicate that bilateral preferences among BRI countries will intensify inasmuch as they succeed in coordinating their infrastructural projects.

Does the Belt and Road Initiative Really Increase CO2 Emissions?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Dongmei Tang ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Xiaocong Xu ◽  
Xiaoping Liu ◽  
Han Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

scholarly journals مبادرة الحزام والطريق: نشأة وأهداف / The Belt and Road Initiative: Origin and Objectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Ding Long
Keyword(s):  
Regional Integration ◽  
Financial Integration ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Silk Road ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Maritime Silk Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

Abstract The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a strategy initiated by Chinese government that seeks to connect Asia with Africa and Europe via land and maritime networks with the aim of increasing commercial exchange, stimulating economic growth and improving regional integration. The BRI comprises a Silk Road Economic Belt and a 21st century Maritime Silk Road. The initiative defines five major priorities, namely policy coordination, infrastructure connectivity, unimpeded trade, financial integration, and people-to-people bonds. The BRI has been associated with large investment programs in infrastructure projects. It is also an increasingly important umbrella mechanism for China’s bilateral trade with BRI partners.

scholarly journals Has China’s Belt and Road Initiative Intensified Bilateral Trade Links between China and the Involved Countries?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunjiao Yu ◽  
Ren Zhang ◽  
Lian An ◽  
Zhixing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Indochina Peninsula ◽  
Trade Preference ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is designed to intensify reciprocal trade preferentiality between China and the Belt-Road countries. However, there has been little research empirically examining the policy effects on the trade links between China and the involved countries. This paper attempts to evaluate the BRI effects quantitatively by constructing a new bilateral revealed trade preference index to measure the bilateral trade preferentiality between China and its 114 trading partners. Using a difference in differences model, we show that the trade of China with the Belt-Road countries has become more preferentially linked since the implementation of the BRI. In particular, the bilateral revealed trade preference index between China and the Belt-Road countries has grown approximately 8% faster than has that with the non-Belt-Road countries. We further show that the BRI effects are heterogeneous across different regions. The bilateral trade links have been more significantly intensified in the regions of the China–Indochina Peninsula Economic Corridor, the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor, the China–Central Asia–West Asia Economic Corridor and the Bangladesh–China–India–Myanmar Economic Corridor. The findings strongly indicate that BRI has been acting as a catalyst for intensifying bilateral trade preferentiality between China and the Belt-Road countries.

scholarly journals The Belt and Road Initiative as a tool for promoting EU-China trade. Poland’s case

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Alina Szypulewska-Porczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the study is to evaluate the potential role of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) for promoting EU – China trade, and especially Poland – China trade. We test two hypotheses: 1) Non-tariff barriers (NTBs), particularly related to railway transport, are significant for Poland – China trade, and 2) Poland – China trade fits railway transport well. Therefore, we start with a study of the significance of tariff and non-tariff barriers in mutual trade relations, including transport-related barriers. NTBs are mainly derived from the EU Market Access database, and as for transport-related barriers – the logistics performance index (LPI) is used. As the next step, we study the composition of bilateral trade in static and dynamic terms using the OECD TiVA database. In the light of the significant increase in NTBs on EU manufacturing products exported to China and the railway transport infrastructure performance in Poland, the BRI could become an effective tool for improving the business environment for EU exporters. By contrast, the BRI project is more suitable for China and the EU as a whole than for Poland in terms of commodity structure of bilateral trade.

scholarly journals The Impact of the "Belt and Road" Initiative on Tourism Economic Development in Chinese Regions Along the Route---An Empirical Analysis Based on DID Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyang Lu ◽  
Alaaddin Colak
Keyword(s):  
Service Industry ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Belt And Road

As an important component of modern service industry, tourism is regarded as a "green" driver to regional economic growth and industrial upgrading. Applying the "quasi-natural experiment" advocated by the “The Belt and Road” Initiative, this paper, based on the method of DID, as-sessed the influence of this initiative on regional tourism development by analyzing panel data collected from 286 prefecture-level cities in China over the period of 2007-2018. It is found that the "The Belt and Road" initiative has stimulated market dynamics and promoted tourism de-velopment in the regions along the route, and has significantly improved indicators such as per capita domestic and inbound tourism revenue and per capita domestic and inbound tourist re-ceipt. Also, the degree of contribution of domestic tourists to the tourism economy of the re-gions where the policy has been implemented is stronger than that of inbound tourists. In sum, the results of this paper not only confirm that the “The Belt and Road” Initiative has significantly contributed to the high-quality tourism development of Chinese provinces along the routes, but also provide important policy enlightenment for the upgrading of regional tourism industry and regional economic balance.

scholarly journals AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF TRADE STATUS AND DETERMINANTS BETWEEN CHINA AND "ONE BELT- ONE ROAD" COUNTRIES-BASED ON TRADE GRAVITY MODEL

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
QIAN-NAN ZHANG ◽  
XIAO-NA HE ◽  
MIRAJ AHMED BHUIYAN
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Trade Gravity Model ◽  
Trade Deals ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
The Silk Road

“One Road-One Belt”, (Belt and Road Initiative, BRI) reminiscent of the Silk Road, is a massive infrastructure and trade project, initiated by China; that would stretch from East Asia to Europe, somehow recognized by the international community. Despite of criticism of this project, it is considered as an effective tool for promoting regional and bilateral trade deals. In this paper we have pointed out the problems that hindered the bilateral trades among countries along the route. Based on Trade gravity Model; bilateral trade model between China and the countries along the “Belt and Road” was empirically tested in the article, followed by some suggestions.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study of Trade Status and Determinants between China and "One Belt- One Road" Countries- Based on Trade gravity Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiannan Zhang ◽  
XiaoNa He ◽  
Miraj Ahmed Bhuiyan
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Trade Gravity Model ◽  
Trade Deals ◽  
The Belt And Road ◽  
The Silk Road

Abstract “One Road-One Belt”, (Belt and Road Initiative, BRI) reminiscent of the Silk Road, is a massive infrastructure and trade project, initiated by China; that would stretch from East Asia to Europe, somehow recognized by the international community. Despite of criticism of this project, it is considered as an effective tool for promoting regional and bilateral trade deals. In this paper we have pointed out the problems that hindered the bilateral trades among countries along the route. Based on Trade gravity Model; bilateral trade model between China and the countries along the “Belt and Road” was empirically tested in the article, followed by some suggestions.

scholarly journals Sino-Bulgarian Economic Relations in the Post Pandemic World

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-196
Keyword(s):  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Belt And Road

Since 2013, China has launched the “Belt and Road” Initiative adhering to “The Five-Connectivity Program”, which aims at achieving win-win results with the countries along the road. Meantime, “17+1” mechanism is an important regional platform that promotes cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European countries. In this context, the Sino-Bulgarian economic relationships are constantly expanding and increasingly diversified in terms of foreign direct investment, trade, and cooperation of companies. There are increasing research interests and results of these two policies but there are still a lot of gaps to fill. The most pressing one is that more researches are needed about the impact of the Belt and Road Initiative and “17+1” mechanism on Central and Eastern Europe Countries, especially an individual country such as Bulgaria. Bulgaria was the second country that recognized and established diplomatic relations with China in 1949. Since then, Bulgaria and China have established a very good and strong relationship in different ways. However, the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 has brought many challenges for both Bulgaria and China, which has a deep impact on the bilateral economic relations. herefore, by searching the past ten years of SSCI literature in the database, this paper systematically sorts out the existing research on Sino-Bulgarian economic relations and makes a comprehensive review, reflecting the latest and changing landscape of the Sino-Bulgarian economic relations. Then by collecting, screening and analyzing the latest statistical data in multiple sources, this paper identifies the characteristics of FDI, the bilateral trade respectively. The purpose is to provide a guidance of the prospect of Sino- Bulgarian economic relations in the future. The paper establishes that the economic relations between the two countries have made great progress under this initiative and new mechanism but still remain unstable and far below their potential. Finally, the paper concludes that there is a very promising future for the bilateral economic relations even facing many challenges and risks in the post pandemic world.

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