Soil structural stability assessment with the fluidized bed, aggregate stability, and rainfall simulation on long-term tillage and crop rotation systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayjro K. Nouwakpo ◽  
Juanli Song ◽  
Javier M. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Stability Assessment ◽  
Soil Structural Stability

Amending soil with sludge, manure, humic acid, orthophosphate and phytic acid: effects on aggregate stability

Soil Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Mamedov ◽  
B. Bar-Yosef ◽  
I. Levkovich ◽  
R. Rosenberg ◽  
A. Silber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soil Structural Stability ◽  
The Stability

Recycling of organic wastes via their incorporation in cultivated lands is known to alter soil structural stability. Aggregate stability tests are commonly used to express quantitatively the susceptibility of soil structural stability to deformation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of biosolids addition, namely composted manure (MC) and activated sludge (AS), and spiking of the soils with orthophosphate (OP), phytic acid (PA) or humic acid (HA), on soil aggregate stability of semi-arid loamy sand, loam and clay soils before and after subjecting the soils to six rain storms (each 30 mm rain with a break of 3–4 days). Aggregate stability was determined from water-retention curves at high matric potential. The effects of the applied amendments on pre- and post-rain aggregate stability were inconsistent and soil-dependent. For the pre-rain state, all of the tested amendments improved aggregate stability relative to the control. For the post-rain condition, aggregate stability was lower in the MC, OP and PA treatments and higher in the AS and HA treatments than in the control. The coarse-textured loam and loamy sand soils were more affected by the soil amendments than the clay soil. For the pre-rain state, addition of organic matter significantly improved macro-porosity and hence the stability of apparent macro-aggregate (>250 μm). Our results indicate a possible advantage for separation of aggregates into macro- and micro-aggregates for more precise evaluation and understanding of the effects organic amendments might have on aggregate stability.

scholarly journals Modelling Alternatives for Highland Soil Structural Degradation and Erodibility, Bui Plateau, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reeves M. Fokeng ◽  
Zephania N. Fogwe
Keyword(s):  
Structural Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Biochemistry ◽  
Annual Biomass ◽  
Soil Structural Stability ◽  
Physical Degradation

Highland triggers of soil physical degradation through the fragilisation of soil aggregates are primarily factors of soil biochemistry and anthropogenic mishandling of land resources. Soil degradation forms are challenging the sustenance of human systems on earth. This study probes into soil physical degradation and exposure to external stressors using 60 soil samples collected and analysed for soil aggregate stability, vulnerability and erodibility to determine soil structural stability/resilient capacity. The soils were found to be stable in structure, but highly vulnerable to stress and erodible. Coarse-granitic sandy soils just as the less evolved erosion soils of the eastern slopes of the plateau were proven to be most erodible and vulnerable to physical degradation. Soil Structural Stability Index (ISS) was very low (≤ 4.3%: severe physical degradation) for disturbed soils under grazing with similar tendencies on cultivated humid volcanic soils. High erosion vulnerability/erodibility soils are indicative of low organic matter and organic carbon content issuant of heavy and uncontrolled grazing, annual biomass burning and long-term cropping without soil improvement schemes which calls for guided land use practices over the Bui Plateau.

The influence of different cover crop residues quantities on soil structural stability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Stegarescu ◽  
Endla Reintam ◽  
Tõnu Tõnutare
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Substrate Induced Respiration ◽  
Soil Structural Stability

<p>Cover crops are widely known for their capacity to improve the soil biological properties and soil structural stability. Nevertheless, the cover crop residues quantity necessary to improve these soil properties is not yet really known. A 30-day incubation experiment was conducted to explore the effect of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) residues (ORR) as a cover crop on the soil aggregate stability of sandy loam soil. The fresh ORR was mixed with the soil at different rates starting from 1.0 to 6.0 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil. The experiment consisted of five treatments: bulk soil (I), soil mixed with ORR at a rate of 1 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil (II), soil mixed with ORR at a rate of 2 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil (III), soil mixed with ORR at a rate of 4 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil (IV), soil mixed with ORR at a rate of 6 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil (V). During 30 days of incubation the soil moisture, soil water stable aggregates, and microbial substrate induced respiration rates were measured. The aggregate stability significantly increased after 30 days only in the treatment with 1 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil. In turn, the ORR applied at a rate of 6 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil significantly decreased the soil aggregate stability. The higher the ORR addition rate the lower was the soil basal respiration and substrate induced respiration. The general conclusion was that the higher quantity of ORR increased the soil moisture which subsequently created unfavorable conditions for the soil microbial activity and led to soil aggregate stability degradation. However, this conclusion must be validated in a field study where the soil moisture and temperature conditions are much more variable compared to our incubation experiment.</p>

INFLUENCE OF ICE SEGREGATION AND SOLUTES ON SOIL STRUCTURAL STABILITY

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. PERFECT ◽  
W. K. P. van LOON ◽  
B. D. KAY ◽  
P. H. GROENEVELT
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Frost Heave ◽  
Unfrozen Water Content ◽  
Soil Structural Stability ◽  
Frost Penetration ◽  
Wet Aggregate Stability ◽  
Dispersible Clay ◽  
Ice Segregation

Most Canadian soils contain dissolved salts and are subject to freezing. However, the structural consequences of freezing in the presence of solutes are unknown. The effects of ice segregation and solutes on soil structural stability were investigated in a laboratory experiment. Nine 27-cm-diameter by 19-cm-high columns were used. These were packed with air-dry Conestogo silt loam soil (Gleyed Melanic Brunisol or Aquic Eutrochrept) and wetted with CaCl2 solutions at 1, 2, and 4 g L−1. Slow freezing took place from the top down in an environmental chamber maintained at −3.4 ± 0.4 °C. Depth of frost penetration, temperature, frost heave, and unfrozen water content were monitored within each column. After 20 d, the mean frost penetration was 107 ± 18 mm and the soil surface had heaved 9 ± 4 mm, indicating ice segregation. At the end of the experiment, the frozen and unfrozen zones of each column were sampled destructively. Samples were equilibrated at 4 °C and analyzed for wet-aggregate stability (WAS), dispersible clay (DC), gravimetric water content, and CaCl2 concentration. Samples which had been frozen had significantly more water and CaCl2 in the thawed state than those which had remained unfrozen. These increases were attributed to a freezing-induced redistribution of the saturating solutions. DC decreased with increasing CaCl2 concentration, indicating an electrical double-layer effect. Soil that had been frozen and thawed had a more stable structure (in terms of both DC and WAS) than the unfrozen soil. No interaction was found between solutes and freezing. In contrast, there was a significant interaction between water content and freezing. WAS increased with decreasing water content for those aggregates which had been frozen and thawed, but not for those which had remained unfrozen. Key words: Soil structure, wet-aggregate stability, dispersible clay, frost heave, soil solution, bulk electrical conductivity

Testing the Slake mobile app at the local scale to explore the spatial variability of soil structural stability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastien Salvador-Blanes ◽  
Clément Girault ◽  
Thomas Rochereau ◽  
Arthur Gaillot ◽  
Frédéric Darboux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Stability ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Soil Structural Stability

<p>The Slake mobile app measures the aggregate stability by rapid immersion in water. It is a particularly interesting tool to allow a cost-efficient determination of soil structural stability. The Slake app has proven its efficiency at large scale (New South Wales state, Australia). Its application at a more local level (e.g. small watersheds) could be of particular interest to farmers and local stakeholders to identify areas of sensitivity to soil slaking, in order to implement mitigation strategies in the most appropriate areas to prevent from soil erosion. The aim of this study was to test the Slake app at the plot and the watershed scales to test its applicability and robustness. The studied watershed is the 25 km² Louroux catchment, located in central France. This catchment is typical of intensively cultivated lowland catchments. Despite a very low slope (<0.4%), erosion processes have been shown as significant, either through soil surface erosion or tile drainage exports. Slaking values have been measured in the laboratory on undisturbed soil surface aggregates collected at 52 locations within the catchment, using a balanced sampling. The same methodology has been applied within a 5 ha plot on 52 sampling points. The aggregate stability was measured with the app simultaneously on three aggregates. This measurement was repeated 3 times for each sampling location. Therefore, 9 slaking indices can be extracted for each soil sampling location, allowing for a computation of the index variability at each sampling location. Besides, 13 samples for the plot and the catchment have been selected to measure soil structural stability by a normalized method (Mean Weight Diameter of soil aggregates after wet sieving, ISO 10930). Preliminary results show a variable heterogeneity of the slaking index measured at a single location. The origin of this heterogeneity (measurement errors, sample variability…) is discussed. The correlation with the normalized method is explored and the spatial structure of the slaking index over the two studied scales is presented.</p>

Soil Structural Stability and Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS): transient binding agents affected by land-use.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Redmile-Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Binding Agents ◽  
Soil Structural Stability

<p>Structural stability in agricultural soils is said to be maintained through production of ‘biological binding agents’, including temporary binding agents (fungi, roots), transient binding agents (EPS), and persistent binding agents (of less certain origin). We sampled soils from a long-term field trial, comprising previous grassland, arable and fallow land-uses in factorial combination with current land-uses of the same type: previous 3 land-uses  x current 3 land-uses = 9 treatments (Redmile-Gordon et al., 2020). Total soil organic carbon (SOC), EPS (including protein, and polysaccharide fractions; Redmile-Gordon et al., 2014), and mean weight diameter (MWD) of water stable aggregates (Le Bissonnais, 1996) were quantified.</p><p>Both EPS and MWD were correlated, and were both strongly influenced by current land-use (implemented 2.5 years before sampling), but not by previous land-use (implemented > 50 years ago, terminated 2.5 years before sampling). While exopolysaccharides were significantly correlated to the soil’s structural stability (p = 0.027), proteinaceous EPS were more closely related to the associated gains in soil aggregate stability (p = 0.002).</p><p>In contrast to EPS and soil stability, total soil organic carbon (SOC) was strongly influenced by previous land-use. Importantly, this indicates that any capacity for relatively stable organic matter to contribute to the soil’s structural stability is overwhelmed by temporary/transient effects owed to current land-use. This is cause for optimism, as it seems the physical quality of soils might be improved by short-term application of managements that favour EPS production. This approach would represent a qualitative step beyond that of building total SOC, which can be difficult for land-managers to achieve. This study is the first to simultaneously assess the effects of land-use on proteinaceous and polysaccharide content of EPS, and link this to the structural stability of soils. Further understanding surrounding the ecology of EPS production, and disentangling the contributions of temporary (largely physical) vs. transient (biochemical) binding agents is hoped to contribute to the development of more efficient land-management strategies.</p><p> </p><p><strong>References:</strong></p><p>Le Bissonnais, Y., <strong>1996</strong>. Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility.<br>1. Theory and methodology. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 47, 425–437.</p><p>Redmile-Gordon, M., Brookes, P.C., Evershed, R.P., Goulding, K.W.T., Hirsch, P.R., <strong>2014</strong>. Measuring the soil-microbial interface: extraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from soil biofilms. Soil Biol. Biochem. 72, 163–171.</p><p>Redmile-Gordon, M., Gregory, A.S., White, R.P., Watts, C.W. <strong>2020</strong>. Soil organic carbon, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and soil structural stability as affected by previous and current land-use. Geoderma, 363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114143</p>

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document