Amending soil with sludge, manure, humic acid, orthophosphate and phytic acid: effects on aggregate stability

Soil Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Mamedov ◽  
B. Bar-Yosef ◽  
I. Levkovich ◽  
R. Rosenberg ◽  
A. Silber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soil Structural Stability ◽  
The Stability

Recycling of organic wastes via their incorporation in cultivated lands is known to alter soil structural stability. Aggregate stability tests are commonly used to express quantitatively the susceptibility of soil structural stability to deformation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of biosolids addition, namely composted manure (MC) and activated sludge (AS), and spiking of the soils with orthophosphate (OP), phytic acid (PA) or humic acid (HA), on soil aggregate stability of semi-arid loamy sand, loam and clay soils before and after subjecting the soils to six rain storms (each 30 mm rain with a break of 3–4 days). Aggregate stability was determined from water-retention curves at high matric potential. The effects of the applied amendments on pre- and post-rain aggregate stability were inconsistent and soil-dependent. For the pre-rain state, all of the tested amendments improved aggregate stability relative to the control. For the post-rain condition, aggregate stability was lower in the MC, OP and PA treatments and higher in the AS and HA treatments than in the control. The coarse-textured loam and loamy sand soils were more affected by the soil amendments than the clay soil. For the pre-rain state, addition of organic matter significantly improved macro-porosity and hence the stability of apparent macro-aggregate (>250 μm). Our results indicate a possible advantage for separation of aggregates into macro- and micro-aggregates for more precise evaluation and understanding of the effects organic amendments might have on aggregate stability.

The influence of different cover crop residues quantities on soil structural stability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Stegarescu ◽  
Endla Reintam ◽  
Tõnu Tõnutare
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Incubation Experiment ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Substrate Induced Respiration ◽  
Soil Structural Stability

<p>Cover crops are widely known for their capacity to improve the soil biological properties and soil structural stability. Nevertheless, the cover crop residues quantity necessary to improve these soil properties is not yet really known. A 30-day incubation experiment was conducted to explore the effect of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) residues (ORR) as a cover crop on the soil aggregate stability of sandy loam soil. The fresh ORR was mixed with the soil at different rates starting from 1.0 to 6.0 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil. The experiment consisted of five treatments: bulk soil (I), soil mixed with ORR at a rate of 1 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil (II), soil mixed with ORR at a rate of 2 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil (III), soil mixed with ORR at a rate of 4 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil (IV), soil mixed with ORR at a rate of 6 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil (V). During 30 days of incubation the soil moisture, soil water stable aggregates, and microbial substrate induced respiration rates were measured. The aggregate stability significantly increased after 30 days only in the treatment with 1 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil. In turn, the ORR applied at a rate of 6 g C kg<sup>-1</sup> of soil significantly decreased the soil aggregate stability. The higher the ORR addition rate the lower was the soil basal respiration and substrate induced respiration. The general conclusion was that the higher quantity of ORR increased the soil moisture which subsequently created unfavorable conditions for the soil microbial activity and led to soil aggregate stability degradation. However, this conclusion must be validated in a field study where the soil moisture and temperature conditions are much more variable compared to our incubation experiment.</p>

Vegetation dynamics drive the evolution of soil aggregate stability during the first 14,000 years of soil development in the Swiss alps

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Greinwald ◽  
Tobias Gebauer ◽  
Ludwig Treuter ◽  
Victoria Kolodziej ◽  
Alessandra Musso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Alpine Regions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Positive Effect

<p><strong>Aims:</strong></p><p>The stability of hillslopes is an essential ecosystem service, especially in alpine regions with soils prone to erosion. One key variable controlling hillslope stability is soil aggregate stability. However, there is comparatively little knowledge about how vegetation dynamics affect soil aggregate stability during landscape evolution.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong></p><p>We quantified soil aggregate stability by determining the Aggregate Stability Coefficient (ASC), which was developed for stone-rich soils. To reveal how hillslope aging and corresponding changes in vegetation affect the evolution of ASC, we measured plant cover, diversity, and root traits along two chronosequences in the Swiss Alps.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong></p><p>We found a significant positive effect of vegetation cover and diversity on ASC that was mediated via root traits. These relationships, however, developed in a time-depended manner: At young terrain ages, above- and belowground vegetation characteristics had a stronger effect on aggregate stability than species diversity, whereas these relationships were weaker at older stages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong></p><p>Our findings highlight the importance of vegetation dynamics for the evolution of aggregate stability and enhance our understanding of processes linked to hillslope stabilization, which is a key priority to avoid further soil degradation and connected risks to human safety in alpine areas.</p>

scholarly journals Role of Gliricidia sepium in Improving Aggregate Stability of Ultisol Limau Manis Padang: A LABoratory study

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Yulnafatmawita Yulnafatmawita ◽  
Asmar Asmar ◽  
Vitria Purnamasari
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
The Stability

There is no much public concern about soil aggregate stability improvement of a soil.  This is due to the fact that it does not directly affect crop yield for a short term, but it determines sustainable agriculture and development for a long term.  This research was aimed to investigate soil physical properties especially soil aggregate stability of Ultisols after fresh OM application, then to determine the exact OM dosage to improve the stability.  Ultisols used was from Limau Manis (± 367 m asl), an area in lower footslope of Mount Gadut, having wet tropical rainforest. Due to land use change, farming activities in that sloping area could enhance erosion process in the environment.  Therefore, efforts to anticipate the erosion must be found.  Fresh OM applied was Gliricidia sepium which was found plenty in the area.  Five levels of fresh Gliricidia sepium, were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 t/ha.  Top soil (0-20 cm depth) was mixed with OM, then incubated for 3 months in glasshouse.  The results after a 3-month incubation showed that SOM content did not statistically increase, but it improved based on the criteria, from very low to low level as OM was applied for ≥ 10 t/ha. It seemed that 10 t/ha Gliricidia sepium was the best dosage at this condition. There was a positive correlation between SOM content and aggregate stability index of Ultisols after fresh Gliricidia sepium addition.Keywords: Ultisols, soil aggregate stability, soil organic matter content

scholarly journals EFEITO DO CULTIVO DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NA ESTABILIDADE DE AGREGADOS E NA CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA DO SOLO

Irriga ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilton Bezerra de Góes ◽  
Thiago Claudino Greggio ◽  
José Frederico Centurion ◽  
Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽  
Itamar Andrioli
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
The Stability

EFEITO DO CULTIVO DA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR NA ESTABILIDADE DE AGREGADOS E NA CONDUTIVIDADE HIDRÁULICA  DO SOLO  Gilton Bezerra de Góes;  Thiago Claudino Greggio;  José Frederico Centurion; Amauri Nelson Beutler; Itamar Andrioli Departamento de Solos e Adubos, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP.   1 RESUMO Para o cultivo de cana-de-açúcar ocorre intenso revolvimento do solo durante as operações de preparo para o plantio e à adubação.  Este estudo objetivou avaliar a estabilidade de agregados e a condutividade hidráulica de um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico sob cana-de-açúcar com diferentes idades e sob vegetação natural. O experimento foi realizado em Jaboticabal, SP. Os sistemas de uso foram: solo sob mata natural (M), solo sob cana-de-açúcar de 1 ano (C1), sob cana-de-açúcar de 3 anos (C3) e sob cana-de-açúcar de 7 anos (C7). Para avaliação da estabilidade de agregados utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcela subdividida, com seis repetições, nas camadas de 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 e 30-40 cm; e para avaliação da condutividade hidráulica, o delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições, na profundidade de 20 cm. Os sistemas de uso do solo com cana-de-açúcar reduzem a estabilidade de agregados e a condutividade hidráulica saturada em relação à mata nativa. UNITERMOS: atributos físicos, Saccharum officinarum.  GÓES, G.B.; GREGGIO, T.C.; CENTURION, J.F.; BEUTLER, A.N.; ANDRIOLI, I.  EFFECT OF SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION ON  SOIL AGGREGATE STABILITY AND HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY  2 ABSTRACT For sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) cultivation, the soil is intensively revolved during planting and fertilization tillage. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the stability of aggregated soil and hydraulic conductivity in Oxisol soil under different age sugar cane and natural vegetation. The experiment was carried out in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. The systems of soil uses were the following ones: soil under natural vegetation (M), soil under 1-year sugar cane (C1), soil under 3-year sugar cane (C3) and under 7-year sugar cane (C7). A completely random design with subdivided plots and 6 replications were used in layers of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm to evaluate the stability of aggregated soil; for hydraulic conductivity, an entirely randomized design and 5 replications were used at the depth of 20 cm. The systems of soil uses for sugar cane cultivation reduced the stability of aggregated soil and saturated hydraulic conductivity in relation to native vegetation. KEYWORDS: Physical attributes, Saccharum officinarum.

scholarly journals Modelling Alternatives for Highland Soil Structural Degradation and Erodibility, Bui Plateau, Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reeves M. Fokeng ◽  
Zephania N. Fogwe
Keyword(s):  
Structural Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Biochemistry ◽  
Annual Biomass ◽  
Soil Structural Stability ◽  
Physical Degradation

Highland triggers of soil physical degradation through the fragilisation of soil aggregates are primarily factors of soil biochemistry and anthropogenic mishandling of land resources. Soil degradation forms are challenging the sustenance of human systems on earth. This study probes into soil physical degradation and exposure to external stressors using 60 soil samples collected and analysed for soil aggregate stability, vulnerability and erodibility to determine soil structural stability/resilient capacity. The soils were found to be stable in structure, but highly vulnerable to stress and erodible. Coarse-granitic sandy soils just as the less evolved erosion soils of the eastern slopes of the plateau were proven to be most erodible and vulnerable to physical degradation. Soil Structural Stability Index (ISS) was very low (≤ 4.3%: severe physical degradation) for disturbed soils under grazing with similar tendencies on cultivated humid volcanic soils. High erosion vulnerability/erodibility soils are indicative of low organic matter and organic carbon content issuant of heavy and uncontrolled grazing, annual biomass burning and long-term cropping without soil improvement schemes which calls for guided land use practices over the Bui Plateau.

Biological soil crusts mediate changes in soil aggregate stability along a climate gradient in Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Riveras Muñoz ◽  
Steffen Seitz ◽  
Corinna Gall ◽  
Hugo Pérez ◽  
Peter Kuehn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Biological Soil Crusts ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Climate Gradient ◽  
Soil Crusts ◽  
Stabilizing Effect ◽  
The Stability

<p>Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) composed of cyanobacteria, algae, lichens and bryophytes have a stabilizing effect on the soil surface. This effect is mostly studied in arid climates, where biocrusts are the main biological agent to steady and bind together soil aggregates. Nevertheless, biocrusts are also an integral part of the soil surface under semi-humid and humid climate conditions, mainly covering open spaces in forests and on fallow lands. As such, they often develop after vegetation disturbances, when their ability to compete with higher plants is increased. To better understand how biocrusts mediate changes in soil aggregate stability under different climatic conditions, we analyzed soil substrates taken under biocrust communities from four national parks in Chile using dry and wet sieving. These samples cover soils from a large climate gradient from arid (Pan de Azúcar), semiarid (Santa Gracia), mediterranean (La Campana) to humid (Nahuelbuta). <br>Biocrust communities were dominated by cyanobacteria in Pan de Azúcar and Santa Gracia, bryophytes and lichens in La Campana and bryophytes in Nahuelbuta. They showed a stabilizing effect on the soil surface in three of the four investigated climates. Their presence increased the Mean Weight Diameter of the aggregates (MWD) by 102% in Pan de Azúcar, 208% in Santa Gracia and 82% in La Campana. In Nahuelbuta there was no significant increase to the condition without biocrust, because the abundance of permanent soil covering higher vegetation does not allow the effect of biocrusts to manifest. The stabilization differed between the aggregate fractions studied, being most pronounced for smaller aggregates >2 mm. The Geometric Mean Diameter (GMD) showed similar results as MWD, but with a clear effect of drying and wetting conditions, as an increase in the stability directly related to precipitation and the climatic gradient. Bulk density (BD) changed from high mean values of 1.50 g cm<sup>-3</sup> in Pan de Azúcar and 1.63 g cm<sup>-3</sup> in Santa Gracia (where cattle grazing was observed) to 1.16 g cm<sup>-3</sup> in La Campana and the lowest mean of 0.62 g cm<sup>-3</sup> in Nahuelbuta, where we observed a more developed soil structure and high organic matter content (21.58% in average). Accordingly, here we also found pronounced hydrophobicity of the soil. These preliminary findings indicate not only differences in the stability of the aggregates, but also in the state of conservation and management of the soils. Results will now be extended by further statistical analyses, which will additionally be presented at vEGU21.</p>

The Effect of Synthetic Soil Conditioners on Soil-Aggregate Stability and the Production of Potatoes and Stringless Beans

1969 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
R. Pérez-Escolar ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Conditioners ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Stability

Data are presented here on the effect of the synthetic soil conditioners Krilium (formulations 6 and 9) and Aerotil on the aggregate stability of Juncos clay and on the yield of potatoes and string beans. The conditioners used were formulations 6 and 9 of Krilium, dry form, and Aerotil, wettable flakes, each at rates of 900, 1,800, and 3,600 pounds to the acre. At all levels Krilium 6 showed the highest aggregate-stabilizing capacity. Significant and highly significant differences were obtained between the stability of soil aggregates in the check plots and in all conditioner-treated plots, except where Krilium 9 was used at the minimum level. The production of potatoes of the Kennebeck variety was significantly increased by conditioner treatment, except at the low levels of both Krilium formulations and the intermediate level of formulation 6. Stringless beans did not respond to the increased stability of soil aggregates, which stresses the importance of recognizing crop differences in assessing soil characteristics.

INFLUENCE OF ICE SEGREGATION AND SOLUTES ON SOIL STRUCTURAL STABILITY

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. PERFECT ◽  
W. K. P. van LOON ◽  
B. D. KAY ◽  
P. H. GROENEVELT
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Frost Heave ◽  
Unfrozen Water Content ◽  
Soil Structural Stability ◽  
Frost Penetration ◽  
Wet Aggregate Stability ◽  
Dispersible Clay ◽  
Ice Segregation

Most Canadian soils contain dissolved salts and are subject to freezing. However, the structural consequences of freezing in the presence of solutes are unknown. The effects of ice segregation and solutes on soil structural stability were investigated in a laboratory experiment. Nine 27-cm-diameter by 19-cm-high columns were used. These were packed with air-dry Conestogo silt loam soil (Gleyed Melanic Brunisol or Aquic Eutrochrept) and wetted with CaCl2 solutions at 1, 2, and 4 g L−1. Slow freezing took place from the top down in an environmental chamber maintained at −3.4 ± 0.4 °C. Depth of frost penetration, temperature, frost heave, and unfrozen water content were monitored within each column. After 20 d, the mean frost penetration was 107 ± 18 mm and the soil surface had heaved 9 ± 4 mm, indicating ice segregation. At the end of the experiment, the frozen and unfrozen zones of each column were sampled destructively. Samples were equilibrated at 4 °C and analyzed for wet-aggregate stability (WAS), dispersible clay (DC), gravimetric water content, and CaCl2 concentration. Samples which had been frozen had significantly more water and CaCl2 in the thawed state than those which had remained unfrozen. These increases were attributed to a freezing-induced redistribution of the saturating solutions. DC decreased with increasing CaCl2 concentration, indicating an electrical double-layer effect. Soil that had been frozen and thawed had a more stable structure (in terms of both DC and WAS) than the unfrozen soil. No interaction was found between solutes and freezing. In contrast, there was a significant interaction between water content and freezing. WAS increased with decreasing water content for those aggregates which had been frozen and thawed, but not for those which had remained unfrozen. Key words: Soil structure, wet-aggregate stability, dispersible clay, frost heave, soil solution, bulk electrical conductivity

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