Post-SSRI Sexual Dysfunction (PSSD): Biological Plausibility, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Presumed Risk Factors

Background: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has mainly been underdiagnosed and undertreated due to the lack of concrete definitions, validated assessment methods, and efficient treatments. However, during the last few decades, there has been significant progress in the clinical management and research of FSD. Objective: The purpose of this review is to describe the pathophysiology of FSD, report the prevalence of the disease in the setting of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and disease, and review current and under investigation treatment options. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was performed to identify studies examining the association of FSD with CV risk factors and/or disease and studies reporting appropriate management options. Results: The prevalence of FSD is increased in the general population (approximately 40%) and is significantly higher in patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. In patients with overt CV disease, FSD is even more prevalent (up to 90%). The cause of FSD is multifactorial and includes various vascular, hormonal, interpersonal, and psychological factors, which are all intertwined. Several treatment options exist that are efficient in improving female sexual function, while a cluster of other alternatives has been shown to offer benefits. Conclusion: FSD is a significant public health problem with a great impact on the patients’ quality of life. In the setting of increased CV burden, FSD is even more prevalent. Increased awareness is needed for the physician to establish a trustful environment with the patient, discuss such issues, and offer suitable management options.

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Frequency, severity, and risk factors related to sexual dysfunction in Chinese women with T2D

Journal of Diabetes ◽

10.1111/1753-0407.12335 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 544-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fan Li ◽

Yaqun Wang ◽

Lingfeng Xiao ◽

Qingqing Lou ◽

Anne Folta Fish

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sexual Dysfunction ◽

Chinese Women

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Sexual Dysfunction in Chronically Medicated Male Inpatients With Schizophrenia: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations, and Response to Sexual Arousal

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.761598 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Dianying Liu ◽

Shaohua Liu ◽

Meihong Xiu ◽

Hongdong Deng ◽

Huiyun Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sexual Dysfunction ◽

Sexual Arousal ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Sexual Experience ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Common Symptom ◽

Erotic Stimuli ◽

Negative Factor ◽

Male Patients

BackgroundSexual dysfunction is a common symptom in patients with schizophrenia, especially in chronically medicated patients. However, the relationship between sexual dysfunction and emotional response to sexual arousal in male patients with schizophrenia remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the incidence, risk factors of sexual dysfunction in males, and their clinical correlations to sexual arousal in male patients with schizophrenia in China.MethodsA total of 162 male patients, aged 18–50 years, with schizophrenia were recruited from a psychiatric hospital in Ganzhou. The clinical symptoms were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The Arizona Sexual Experience Scale was utilized to evaluate sexual dysfunction. Erotic images were selected from International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Sixty-eight out of the 162 subjects completed the erotic pictures reactivity task.ResultsOverall, 48 (29.6%) patients were measured as having global sexual dysfunction, 72 (44.4%) patients as having strength of sex drive dysfunction, 51 (31.5%) patients as having sexual arousal dysfunction, 55 (34.0%) patients as having penile erection dysfunction, 60 (37.0%) patients as having reached orgasm dysfunction, and 60 (37.0%) patients as having satisfaction with orgasm dysfunction. The sexual dysfunction patients had significantly higher scores on the negative symptoms of the PANSS. The only important predictor of sexual dysfunction was the severity of PANSS negative factor. The sense of pleasure and arousal post viewing erotic images in the sexual dysfunction group were lower compared to the non-sexual dysfunction group. The sense of pleasure and approach motivation were significantly negatively correlated with the severity of sexual dysfunction.ConclusionsThis study shows that nearly one-third of young and middle-aged chronically medicated male inpatients with schizophrenia suffer from sexual dysfunction. The negative factor of the PANSS can be regarded as the risk factor of sexual dysfunction. Schizophrenia patients with sexual dysfunction experienced lower pleasure and higher avoidance motivation than non-sexual dysfunction patients when exposed to erotic stimuli.

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P-06-004 Female sexual dysfunction and its possible risk factors in hemodialysis patients

Journal of Sexual Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.03.329 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. S228

Author(s):

Y. Naserallah ◽

M.M. El Saeed ◽

M. Eyada ◽

W. E.- Leithy Hagag

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sexual Dysfunction ◽

Female Sexual Dysfunction ◽

Hemodialysis Patients

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Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Predictors of Female Sexual Dysfunction in a Primary Care Setting: A Survey Finding

Journal of Sexual Medicine ◽

10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01848.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 3080-3087 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Izan H. Ishak ◽

Wah-Yun Low ◽

Sajaratulnisah Othman

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Primary Care ◽

Sexual Dysfunction ◽

Female Sexual Dysfunction ◽

Care Setting ◽

Primary Care Setting ◽

Survey Finding

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Risk Factors of Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Cross-Sectional Study

Dermatology ◽

10.1159/000501905 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 236 (1) ◽

pp. 37-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Carlos Cuenca-Barrales ◽

Alejandro Molina-Leyva

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Sexual Dysfunction ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stable Relationship

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has a high impact on quality of life. However, sexual health has scarcely been investigated. Objective: To describe the frequency of sexual dysfunction (SD) in women and erectile dysfunction (ED) in men with HS and to explore potential risk factors. Patients and Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study using a crowd-sourced online questionnaire spread by the Spanish hidradenitis suppurativa patients’ association (ASENDHI). Results: In total, 393 participants answered the questionnaire. SD was found in 51% (95% CI 45–57%) of women and ED in 60% (95% CI 49–70%) of men. Factors related to SD were education status, patient’s global assessment for disease activity, numeric rating scale for pain and unpleasant odour and the absence of a stable relationship. Factors related to ED were increasing age, the presence of active lesions in the genital area and the number of areas affected by active lesions. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of SD and ED in HS patients. Being in a stable relationship has been a protective factor of SD in women. The results suggest that sexual impairment in HS patients is due, at least in part, to disease activity, symptoms and active lesions.

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