scholarly journals 2020 Tropical Cyclones in the Philippines: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Dela Cruz Santos
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
The Philippines

scholarly journals Characteristics of Size Change of Tropical Cyclones Traversing the Philippines

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 2891-2911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Jeng Lin ◽  
Kun-Hsuan Chou
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Momentum Flux ◽  
Vertical Wind Shear ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
The South ◽  
Size Change

Abstract This study investigates the size changes of tropical cyclones (TCs) traversing the Philippines based on a 37-yr statistical analysis. TC size is defined by the radius of 30-kt (≈15.4 m s−1) wind speed (R30) from the best track data of the Japan Meteorological Agency. A total of 71 TCs passed the Philippines during 1979–2015. The numbers of size increase (SI; 36) and size decrease (SD; 34) cases are very similar; however, the last 15 years have seen more SI cases (17) than SD cases (11). SI and SD cases mostly occur along northerly and southerly paths, respectively, after TCs pass the Philippines. Before landfall, SI cases have small initial sizes and weak intensities, but SD cases have larger initial sizes and stronger intensities. After landfall, most SI cases are intensifying storms, and most SD cases are nonintensifying storms. Composite analyses of vertical wind shear, absolute angular momentum flux, relative humidity, and sea surface temperature between SI and SD cases are compared. All of these values are larger in SI cases than in SD cases. Furthermore, the interdecadal difference in the ratio of the numbers of SI to SD cases reveals an unusually high number of SI cases during 2001–15. The synoptic patterns between 1979–2000 and 2001–15 are analyzed. The high SI ratio in the latter period is related to strong southwesterly wind in the south of the South China Sea that raised relative humidity, warmed the sea surface, and increased import of angular momentum flux.

scholarly journals Vulnerability of the Maritime Network to Tropical Cyclones in the Northwest Pacific and the Northern Indian Ocean

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 6176
Author(s):  
Zhicheng Shen ◽  
Xinliang Xu ◽  
Jiaohao Li ◽  
Shikuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Small World ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Northwest Pacific ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Northern Indian Ocean ◽  
Maritime Networks ◽  
Port System

Maritime networks are one of the most important types of transportation networks in international logistics and it accounts for 90% of the global trade volume. However, the structure of maritime networks is severely impacted by tropical cyclones, especially the maritime network in the Northwest Pacific and the northern Indian Ocean. This paper investigates the vulnerability of the maritime network in the Northwest Pacific and the northern Indian Ocean to the influence of tropical cyclones through removing ports at high or very high tropical cyclones hazard levels and analyzing how the network structure characteristics change from a complex network point of view. From the results, we find that this maritime network is a small-world network and the degree distribution of ports follows a power law distribution. The ports in East Asia are impacted more severely by the tropical cyclones. Moreover, this maritime network exhibits some vulnerability to tropical cyclones. However, the interconnection of the survived ports is not severely impacted, when the network is attacked by tropical cyclones. The port system in the Philippines is most vulnerable to the influence of tropical cyclones, followed by the ports systems in Japan and China. The paper also shows that it is important for studies of maritime network vulnerability to identify the ports that are both important to the regional and cross-regional logistics and severely impacted by natural hazards. The findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the port layout and improving the ability of the network to resist damage caused by tropical cyclones.

scholarly journals The Effect of Tropical Cyclones on Southwest Monsoon Rainfall in the Philippines

2011 ◽  
Vol 89A ◽  
pp. 123-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esperanza O. CAYANAN ◽  
Tsing-Chang CHEN ◽  
Josefina C. ARGETE ◽  
Ming-Cheng YEN ◽  
Prisco D. NILO
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Southwest Monsoon ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Southwest Monsoon Rainfall

A Global View of Equatorial Waves and Tropical Cyclogenesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 774-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl J. Schreck ◽  
John Molinari ◽  
Anantha Aiyyer
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Western North Pacific ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Tropical Cyclogenesis ◽  
Equatorial Waves ◽  
Wave Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Equatorial Wave

Abstract This study investigates the number of tropical cyclone formations that can be attributed to the enhanced convection from equatorial waves within each basin. Tropical depression (TD)-type disturbances (i.e., easterly waves) were the primary tropical cyclone precursors over the Northern Hemisphere basins, particularly the eastern North Pacific and the Atlantic. In the Southern Hemisphere, however, the number of storms attributed to TD-type disturbances and equatorial Rossby waves were roughly equivalent. Equatorward of 20°N, tropical cyclones formed without any equatorial wave precursor most often over the eastern North Pacific and least often over the western North Pacific. The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) was an important tropical cyclone precursor over the north Indian, south Indian, and western North Pacific basins. The MJO also affected tropical cyclogenesis by modulating the amplitudes of higher-frequency waves. Each wave type reached the attribution threshold 1.5 times more often, and tropical cyclogenesis was 3 times more likely, within positive MJO-filtered rainfall anomalies than within negative anomalies. The greatest MJO modulation was observed for storms attributed to Kelvin waves over the north Indian Ocean. The large rainfall rates associated with tropical cyclones can alter equatorial wave–filtered anomalies. This study quantifies the contamination over each basin. Tropical cyclones contributed more than 20% of the filtered variance for each wave type over large potions of every basin except the South Pacific. The largest contamination, exceeding 60%, occurred for the TD band near the Philippines. To mitigate the contamination, the tropical cyclone–related anomalies were removed before filtering in this study.

scholarly journals Retrievals for the Rainfall Rate over Land Using Special Sensor Microwave Imager Data during Tropical Cyclones: Comparisons of Scattering Index, Regression, and Support Vector Regression

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1567-1578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Chiang Wei ◽  
Jinsheng Roan
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Regression ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Rainfall Rate ◽  
Precipitation Forecast ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Brightness Temperatures ◽  
Microwave Imager ◽  
Scattering Index

Abstract Tropical cyclones, also known as typhoons or hurricanes, are among the most devastating events in nature and often strike the western North Pacific region (including the Philippines, Taiwan, Japan, Korea, China, and others). This paper focuses on addressing the rainfall retrieval problem for quantitative precipitation forecast during tropical cyclones. In this study, Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) data and Water Resources Agency (WRA) measurements of Taiwan were used to quantitatively estimate precipitation over the Tanshui River basin in northern Taiwan. Various retrievals for the rainfall rate over land are compared by five methods/techniques. They are the single-channel regression, multichannel linear regressions (MLR), scattering index over land approach (SIL), support vector regression (SVR), and the proposed SIL–SVR. This study collected 70 typhoons affecting the studied watershed over the past 12 years (1997–2008). The measurements of the SSM/I satellite comprise the brightness temperatures at 19.35, 22.23, 37.0, and 85.5 GHz. Overall, the results showed the approaches using the SVR and conjoined SVR and SIL performed better than regression and SIL methods according to their performances of the root-mean-square error (RMSE), bias ratio, and equitable threat score (ETS).

scholarly journals Assessing the Vulnerability and Resilience of the Philippines to Disasters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Rio Yonson
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Socioeconomic Vulnerability ◽  
Household Level

<p>Some of the world’s most destructive disasters occurred in the Philippines, and a number of these happened in recent years. In 2011, 2012, and 2013, tropical cyclones Washi, Bopha, and Haiyan, respectively, left a staggering trail of over 8,000 deaths, as well as huge damages to assets and livelihoods. In 2009, tropical cyclones Ketsana and Pharma brought massive riverine floods, with a total damage and loss equivalent to 2.7% of the country’s GDP. This dissertation is an endeavour to measure disaster impacts and welfare risk, and to identify factors affecting vulnerability and resilience in different spatial scales in the Philippines. The first of four chapters is an extensive literature survey on the economic vulnerability and economic resilience to disasters. This serves as a prelude to the succeeding three empirical studies contained in Chapters 3 to 5. Chapter 3 aims to measure tropical cyclone-induced fatalities in the Philippine provinces, and identifies the factors that shape people’s vulnerability. It also quantifies the relative importance of hazard, exposure, and socioeconomic vulnerability in influencing fatalities. Chapter 4 is a household level study that quantitatively establishes the linkages between floods and diseases in the floodplains of a highly-urbanized city in the Philippines (Cagayan de Oro), and provides an estimate on the public finance implications of flood-induced diseases to the Philippine urban areas, and on the additional economic burden on affected households. Chapter 5 measures socioeconomic resilience and welfare risk from riverine flood disasters, and systematically quantifies the effectiveness of a menu of region-specific disaster risk reduction and management measures.</p>

History of Typhoon Science

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor Anduaga
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Far East ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Polar Front ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Cloud Models

A typhoon is a highly organized storm system that develops from initial cyclone eddies and matures by sucking up from the warm tropical oceans large quantities of water vapor that condense at higher altitudes. This latent heat of condensation is the prime source of energy supply that strengthens the typhoon as it progresses across the Pacific Ocean. A typhoon differs from other tropical cyclones only on the basis of location. While hurricanes form in the Atlantic Ocean and eastern North Pacific Ocean, typhoons develop in the western North Pacific around the Philippines, Japan, and China. Because of their violent histories with strong winds and torrential rains and their impact on society, the countries that ring the North Pacific basin—China, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, and Taiwan—all often felt the need for producing typhoon forecasts and establishing storm warning services. Typhoon accounts in the pre-instrumental era were normally limited to descriptions of damage and incidences, and subsequent studies were hampered by the impossibility of solving the equations governing the weather, as they are distinctly nonlinear. The world’s first typhoon forecast was made in 1879 by Fr. Federico Faura, who was a Jesuit scientist from the Manila Observatory. His brethren from the Zikawei Jesuit Observatory, Fr. Marc Dechevrens, first reconstructed the trajectory of a typhoon in 1879, a study that marked the beginning of an era. The Jesuits and other Europeans like William Doberck studied typhoons as a research topic, and their achievements are regarded as products of colonial meteorology. Between the First and Second World Wars, there were important contributions to typhoon science by meteorologists in the Philippines (Ch. Deppermann, M. Selga, and J. Coronas), China (E. Gherzi), and Japan (T. Okada, and Y. Horiguti). The polar front theory developed by the Bergen School in Norway played an important role in creating the large-scale setting for tropical cyclones. Deppermann became the greatest exponent of the polar front theory and air-masses analysis in the Far East and Southeast Asia. From the end of WWII, it became evident that more effective typhoon forecasts were needed to meet military demands. In Hawaii, a joint Navy and Air Force center for typhoon analysis and forecasting was established in 1959—the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). Its goals were to publish annual typhoon summaries and conduct research into tropical cyclone forecasting and detection. Other centers had previously specialized in issuing typhoon warnings and analysis. Thus, research and operational forecasting went hand in hand not only in the American JTWC but also in China (the Hong Kong Observatory, the Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau), Japan (the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center), and the Philippines (Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration [PAGASA]). These efforts produced more precise scientific knowledge about the formation, structure, and movement of typhoons. In the 1970s and the 1980s, three new tools for research—three-dimensional numerical cloud models, Doppler radar, and geosynchronous satellite imagery—provided a new observational and dynamical perspective on tropical cyclones. The development of modern computing systems has offered the possibility of making numerical weather forecast models and simulations of tropical cyclones. However, typhoons are not mechanical artifacts, and forecasting their track and intensity remains an uncertain science.

Tropical Cyclones and Children During a Pandemic in the Philippines

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 507-507
Author(s):  
Jan Gresil S. Kahambing
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
The Philippines
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document