Perception in real-time: predicting the present, reconstructing the past

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hinze Hogendoorn
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
The Past

Video real-time imaging of artificial membranes during freeze-drying by cryo-electron microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 16-17
Author(s):  
Alan S. Rudolph ◽  
Ronald R. Price
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Video Capture ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Artificial Membranes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Spherical Structures ◽  
Capture Techniques

We have employed cryoelectron microscopy to visualize events that occur during the freeze-drying of artificial membranes by employing real time video capture techniques. Artificial membranes or liposomes which are spherical structures within internal aqueous space are stabilized by water which provides the driving force for spontaneous self-assembly of these structures. Previous assays of damage to these structures which are induced by freeze drying reveal that the two principal deleterious events that occur are 1) fusion of liposomes and 2) leakage of contents trapped within the liposome [1]. In the past the only way to access these events was to examine the liposomes following the dehydration event. This technique allows the event to be monitored in real time as the liposomes destabilize and as water is sublimed at cryo temperatures in the vacuum of the microscope. The method by which liposomes are compromised by freeze-drying are largely unknown. This technique has shown that cryo-protectants such as glycerol and carbohydrates are able to maintain liposomal structure throughout the drying process.

Between Jerusalem and Athens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurit Yaari
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Cultural Events ◽  
Greek Drama ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
Dramatic Writing ◽  
Artistic Performance

How does a theatrical tradition emerge in the fields of dramatic writing and artistic performance? Can a culture, in which theatre played no part in the past, create a theatrical tradition in real time—and how? What was the contribution of classical Greek drama to the evolution of Israeli theatre? How do political and social conditions affect the encounter between cultures—and what role do they play in creating a theatre with a distinctive identity? This book, the first of its kind, attempts to answer these and other questions, by examining the reception of classical Greek drama in the Israeli theatre over the last seventy years. It deals with dramatic and aesthetic issues while analysing translations, adaptations, new writing, mise-en-scène, and ‘post dramatic’ performances of classical Greek drama that were created and staged at key points of the development of Israeli culture amidst fateful political, social, and cultural events in the country’s history.

scholarly journals A palace fit for the future: Desirability in temporal work

2021 ◽  
pp. 147612702110120
Author(s):  
Siavash Alimadadi ◽  
Andrew Davies ◽  
Fredrik Tell
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
The Past ◽  
Renewal Program ◽  
The Future ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Future Outcomes ◽  
Pluralistic Contexts

Research on the strategic organization of time often assumes that collective efforts are motivated by and oriented toward achieving desirable, although not necessarily well-defined, future states. In situations surrounded by uncertainty where work has to proceed urgently to avoid an impending disaster, however, temporal work is guided by engaging with both desirable and undesirable future outcomes. Drawing on a real-time, in-depth study of the inception of the Restoration and Renewal program of the Palace of Westminster, we investigate how organizational actors develop a strategy for an uncertain and highly contested future while safeguarding ongoing operations in the present and preserving the heritage of the past. Anticipation of undesirable future events played a crucial role in mobilizing collective efforts to move forward. We develop a model of future desirability in temporal work to identify how actors construct, link, and navigate interpretations of desirable and undesirable futures in their attempts to create a viable path of action. By conceptualizing temporal work based on the phenomenological quality of the future, we advance understanding of the strategic organization of time in pluralistic contexts characterized by uncertainty and urgency.

Past participles of strong verbs in Jutland Danish: A real-time study of regionalization and standardization

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Juel Jensen ◽  
Marie Maegaard
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
Time Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
Standardization Process ◽  
Large Corpus ◽  
Strong Verbs

The article presents a real-time study of standardization and regionalization processes with respect to the use of past participles of strong verbs in the western part of Denmark. Analyses of a large corpus of recordings of informants from two localities show that the use of the dialectalenform of the past participle suffix has been in decline during the last 30 years. Theenforms are replaced by three other forms, one of which is (partly) dialectal, one regional and one standard Danish. The study indicates that a regionalization process has taken place prior to the time period studied, but that it has now been overtaken by a Copenhagen-based standardization process. The study also shows interesting differences between the two localities, arguably due to the geographical location and size, and to the status of the different participle forms in the traditional local dialects.

scholarly journals Pre-exposure prophylaxis adherence with real-time adherence feedback and partner HIV self-testing: A pilot trial among postpartum women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dvora L Joseph Davey ◽  
Kathryn Dovel ◽  
Rufaro Mvududu ◽  
Dorothy Nyemba ◽  
Nyiko Mashele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Self Testing ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is safe and effective in postpartum women. HIV self-testing (HIVST) for partners combined with biofeedback counselling through real-time adherence measures may improve daily PrEP use among postpartum women. Methods: Between August 2020 and April 2021 we conducted a pilot study in one primary care clinic in Cape Town, South Africa. We randomized postpartum women who initiated PrEP in pregnancy 1:1 to the intervention group (HIVST + biofeedback counselling following urine tenofovir test) or to standard of care (facility-based HIV tests and routine counselling without biofeedback). The outcomes of interest were PrEP adherence in the past 48-72hours via urine tenofovir tests and partner HIV testing, measured 1-month after randomisation. Secondary outcomes included proportion of partners who tested for HIV and discrepancy between self-reported PrEP adherence and urine tenofovir result. Results: We enrolled 106 women (median age=26 years; median months postpartum=2). Almost half of women reported having sex since giving birth (48%); 76% of those reported condomless sex at last sex. At enrolment most women (72%) reported missing <2 doses in the past 7-days; 36% of women had tenofovir present in her urine (no significant differences by arm). One month after enrolment, 62% (n=33) of women in the intervention arm had tenofovir present in their urine compared to 34% (n=18) in the standard of care arm (RR=1.83; 95% CI=1.19, 2.82). Two-thirds of women in the intervention arm reported that her partner tested for HIV (66%; n=35); compared to 17% (n=9) in the standard of care arm (RR=3.89; 95% CI=2.08, 7.27). The proportion of women with a discrepant adherence result (self-reported good recent adherence with no tenofovir in urine test) was significantly lower in the intervention group (n=8; 17%) compared to the standard of care group (n=24; 46%) (RR=0.33; 95% CI=0.17, 0.67). No social or clinical adverse events were reported in the intervention arm. Conclusions: In this pilot study, HIVST for partners and biofeedback counseling increased levels of recent PrEP adherence, pointing to the importance of these interventions to support PrEP use in this population.

scholarly journals New Approaches to the Interpretation of Balance in the Digital Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
M. I. Lugachev ◽  
N. V. Ulianova ◽  
K. G. Skripkin
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
The Past ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Operating Activities

The purpose of the article is to theoretically prove the possibility of generating forecast information in the balance-sheet regarding profit indicators, net inflow of operating money and financial capital. According to the authors, the system of these indicators is revealed in dynamics, thus reflecting the impact of profit on the financial condition of the organization. A logical and accounting balance-sheet relationship is established between actual and forecast indicators that characterize the financial condition in the past and future. By analyzing the processes in the operating cycle, the economic and financial feasibility of operating profit as a net cash flow from operating activities is theoretically proved. Based on the process approach and the induction method, the indicator of operating profit is included in the valuation of the asset and liability side of the balance-sheet, thereby developing the valuation method and forming a new forecast model of balance-sheet generalizations. The content of the forecast model of balance is described in the form of a balance equation. The obtained theoretical conclusions are verified experimentally.As a result, the asset of the balance-sheet reflects the process of transforming the value of operational resources into their selling price, and the forecast operating profit is generated in the liability side of the balance-sheet, which relates to assets and liabilities recognized in accounting at the current time. Cost parameter and value index are introduced, which characterize the indicators of income and expenses as the transformation of operational resources. Any change in the cost of resources used and the possible price (value) of their sale is reflected in the balance-sheet and affects the change in the estimate of forecast operating profit in real time. At the same time, due to the simultaneous recognition in the balance-sheet of actual and forecast estimates of assets and liabilities and the indicator of forecast operating profit, the indicator of financial capital receives a new interpretation. If we compare the value of assets and accounts payable, then financial capital characterizes the security of operating activities with own sources of financing in the past. If we compare the selling price of assets and account payable, then financial capital shows the forecast for repayment of account payable at the expense of own funds in the future. Consequently, the transition from actual to forecast estimates in the balance-sheet reveals the process of the circulation of operating capital and shows how much profit is provided by investments in working stocks made in the past. Due to the double recording method, any forecast estimates can be verified by the user, which increases the reliability of the forecast information in the balance-sheet.In fact, the balance-sheet is interpreted as a new method of analysis and forecasting of financial and economic indicators characterizing the activities of the organization. At the same time, it is not necessary to perform additional analytical calculations, forecast operating profit and analysis of its impact on financial capital can be carried out in real time as often as accounting entries are made that affect the change in working capital.

scholarly journals Learning In Spike Trains: Estimating Within-Session Changes In Firing Rate Using Weighted Interpolation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Jensen ◽  
Fabian Muñoz ◽  
Vincent P. Ferrera
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electrophysiological Study ◽  
Monte Carlo Algorithm ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Weighted Interpolation ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Estimates ◽  
Quantitative Procedure

AbstractThe electrophysiological study of learning is hampered by modern procedures for estimating firing rates: Such procedures usually require large datasets, and also require that included trials be functionally identical. Unless a method can track the real-time dynamics of how firing rates evolve, learning can only be examined in the past tense. We propose a quantitative procedure, called ARRIS, that can uncover trial-by-trial firing dynamics. ARRIS provides reliable estimates of firing rates based on small samples using the reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Using weighted interpolation, ARRIS can also provide estimates that evolve over time. As a result, both real-time estimates of changing activity, and of task-dependent tuning, can be obtained during the initial stages of learning.

scholarly journals A case study on the real time transmission system for research funds

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.12) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Ji Hoon Hong ◽  
Hark Soo Park ◽  
Dae Ho Kim
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Real Time ◽  
System Development ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
Redundant System ◽  
The Past ◽  
Real Time Transmission ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Support Research

Background/Objectives: With aview topreventing the abuse and misuse of national research and development funds, which is increasing day by day, thisstudy investigated how systems can be efficiently constructed and redundant development can be minimized when systems are linked with those of variousmanaging institutions which support research and development funds from the viewpoint of research conducting institutions that have been provided with research and development funds.Methods/Statistical Analysis: This study was conducted with aK government-funded research institute, which is a research conducting institution, in coordination with three institutions; the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, the National Research Foundation of Korea, and the Institute for Information & Communications Technology Promotion.These institutions manage research & development projects.Findings: Inthis study, to prevent the abuse, misuse, and unjust execution of national research and development funds, research-fundcard companies, research managing institutions, and research conducting institutions were linked with each other in real time.First,work efficiency was improved by setting a procedure through which the conducting institutions receive card use details from card companies when research fundcards have been used to execute funds in linkage with the internal executionsystems of the conducting institutions. The data on the execution of funds are transmitted to the managing institutions in real time to enable monitoring in real time.In the past, a conducting institution had to construct a linked system and revise the internal management and execution systems every time a research project from a new managing institution was implemented.Therefore, in this study, when systems were linked, the systems were not directly linked to the DB table, but transmitted/received data by managing institution were analyzed to construct an integrated view and the integrated view was linked with conducting institutions’ internal systems to minimize redundantsystem development.Improvements/Applications: Unjust execution of research and development funds could be prevented in advance, and the transparency of research fund execution could be improved through system linked inreal time. In addition, the expandability of internal systems was improved through the system links and redundant system development when new projects are implemented could be minimized.  

scholarly journals Active and Covert Infections of Cricket Iridovirus and Acheta domesticus Densovirus in Reared Gryllodes sigillatus Crickets

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin R. Duffield ◽  
John Hunt ◽  
Ben M. Sadd ◽  
Scott K. Sakaluk ◽  
Brenda Oppert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
The Past ◽  
Foundational Research ◽  
Gryllodes Sigillatus ◽  
Entomopathogenic Viruses ◽  
Real Time Qpcr

Interest in developing food, feed, and other useful products from farmed insects has gained remarkable momentum in the past decade. Crickets are an especially popular group of farmed insects due to their nutritional quality, ease of rearing, and utility. However, production of crickets as an emerging commodity has been severely impacted by entomopathogenic infections, about which we know little. Here, we identified and characterized an unknown entomopathogen causing mass mortality in a lab-reared population of Gryllodes sigillatus crickets, a species used as an alternative to the popular Acheta domesticus due to its claimed tolerance to prevalent entomopathogenic viruses. Microdissection of sick and healthy crickets coupled with metagenomics-based identification and real-time qPCR viral quantification indicated high levels of cricket iridovirus (CrIV) in a symptomatic population, and evidence of covert CrIV infections in a healthy population. Our study also identified covert infections of Acheta domesticus densovirus (AdDNV) in both populations of G. sigillatus. These results add to the foundational research needed to better understand the pathology of mass-reared insects and ultimately develop the prevention, mitigation, and intervention strategies needed for economical production of insects as a commodity.

CRAMPON: a model- and observation-based near real-time platform for glacier mass balance monitoring in Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Marian Landmann ◽  
Matthias Huss ◽  
Hans Rudolf Künsch ◽  
Christophe Ogier ◽  
Lea Geibel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Filter ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Glacier Mass Balance ◽  
Sequential Data ◽  
Mass Balances ◽  
Individual Parameter ◽  
High Interest ◽  
The Past

&lt;p&gt;As glaciers shrink, high interest in their near real-time mass balance arises. This is mainly for two reasons: first, there are concerns about water availability and short-term water resource planning, and second, glaciers are one of the most prominent indicators of climate change, resulting in a high interest of the broader public.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To satisfy both interests regarding information on near real-time mass balance, we are running the project CRAMPON &amp;#8211; &amp;#8220;Cryospheric Monitoring and Prediction Online&amp;#8221;. Within this project, we set up an operational assimilation platform where it is possible to query daily mass balance estimates in near real-time, i.e. updated with a lag of max. 24 hours. During the operational alpha phase, we increase the amount of modelled glaciers and assimilated observations steadily. We start with about 15 glaciers from the Glacier Monitoring Switzerland (GLAMOS) program, for which time series of seasonal mass balances from the glaciological method are available. After that, we expand our set of modelled glaciers to about 50 glaciers that have frequent geodetic mass balances in the past, and finally to all glaciers in Switzerland. The assimilated observations reach from the operational GLAMOS seasonal mass balance observations via daily point mass balances from nine in situ cameras providing instantaneous ablation rates to satellite-derived albedo and snow distribution on the glacier.&lt;br&gt;As basis for the platform, we run an ensemble of three temperature index and one simplified energy balance melt models. This ensemble takes gridded temperature, precipitation and radiation as input and aims at quantifying uncertainties of the produced daily mass balances. To determine uncertainties in the model prediction of a current mass budget year correctly, we run the models with parameter distributions we have fitted on individual parameter sets calibrated in the past. Since a purely model-based prediction can reveal high uncertainties though, we choose a sequential data assimilation approach in the form of a Particle Filter to constrain this uncertainty with observations, whenever available. We have customized the standard Particle Filter to (1) use a resampling method that is able to keep models in the ensemble despite a temporary bad performance, and (2) allow parameter and model probability evolution over time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this contribution, we focus on giving a holistic overview over the already existing platform features and discuss the future developments. We plan to make the calculated mass balances publicly available in summer 2021, and to extend this platform to the global scale at a later stage.&lt;/p&gt;

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