scholarly journals New Approaches to the Interpretation of Balance in the Digital Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
M. I. Lugachev ◽  
N. V. Ulianova ◽  
K. G. Skripkin
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
The Past ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Operating Activities

The purpose of the article is to theoretically prove the possibility of generating forecast information in the balance-sheet regarding profit indicators, net inflow of operating money and financial capital. According to the authors, the system of these indicators is revealed in dynamics, thus reflecting the impact of profit on the financial condition of the organization. A logical and accounting balance-sheet relationship is established between actual and forecast indicators that characterize the financial condition in the past and future. By analyzing the processes in the operating cycle, the economic and financial feasibility of operating profit as a net cash flow from operating activities is theoretically proved. Based on the process approach and the induction method, the indicator of operating profit is included in the valuation of the asset and liability side of the balance-sheet, thereby developing the valuation method and forming a new forecast model of balance-sheet generalizations. The content of the forecast model of balance is described in the form of a balance equation. The obtained theoretical conclusions are verified experimentally.As a result, the asset of the balance-sheet reflects the process of transforming the value of operational resources into their selling price, and the forecast operating profit is generated in the liability side of the balance-sheet, which relates to assets and liabilities recognized in accounting at the current time. Cost parameter and value index are introduced, which characterize the indicators of income and expenses as the transformation of operational resources. Any change in the cost of resources used and the possible price (value) of their sale is reflected in the balance-sheet and affects the change in the estimate of forecast operating profit in real time. At the same time, due to the simultaneous recognition in the balance-sheet of actual and forecast estimates of assets and liabilities and the indicator of forecast operating profit, the indicator of financial capital receives a new interpretation. If we compare the value of assets and accounts payable, then financial capital characterizes the security of operating activities with own sources of financing in the past. If we compare the selling price of assets and account payable, then financial capital shows the forecast for repayment of account payable at the expense of own funds in the future. Consequently, the transition from actual to forecast estimates in the balance-sheet reveals the process of the circulation of operating capital and shows how much profit is provided by investments in working stocks made in the past. Due to the double recording method, any forecast estimates can be verified by the user, which increases the reliability of the forecast information in the balance-sheet.In fact, the balance-sheet is interpreted as a new method of analysis and forecasting of financial and economic indicators characterizing the activities of the organization. At the same time, it is not necessary to perform additional analytical calculations, forecast operating profit and analysis of its impact on financial capital can be carried out in real time as often as accounting entries are made that affect the change in working capital.

scholarly journals ANALISIS RASIO KEUANGAN SEBAGAI ALAT UKUR KINERJA PERUSAHAAN PADA PT. ASTALIA MILLENIA EDUCATINDO CABANG MADIUN

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Satrijo Budi Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
Total Debt ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Solvency Ratio

<span>This study aims to determine the company's financial performance , both in terms of liquidity, solvency, profitability and activity of PT .Millennia Astalia Educatindo Madiun from 2010 until 2012. The processed data is the data that comprises the financial statements of the balance sheet and income statement. Methods of data processing by using ratio analysis consisting of the ratio liquidity, profitability, solvency and activities. The method used is descriptive method, the research seeks to collect and present data from the company to be analyzed so as to provide a fairly clear picture of the object under study. Because of financial ratios is one tool in evaluating the company's financial condition and performance , it is expected that through the analysis of financial statements may consideration in making decisions, especially regarding the financial condition in the future. Besides, the analysis of financial statements to describe the company's actual financial performance. The results showed that the ratio of liquidity include the current ratio and quick ratio increased, although still below the industry average. For profitability ratios include gross profit margin and operating profit margin increased in 2012 despite the decline was due to the increased cost of goods sold. Solvency ratios while covering a total debt to equity ratio and total debt to capital assets shows a marked improvement by decreasing solvency ratio from year to year. Nonetheless Solvency ratio still can’t to be categorized either as it is still above the industry average. The ratio of activity which includes receivable turnover and total asset turnover has fluctuated, rising in 2011 but dropped in 2012. Nonetheless Activity ratios are well below the industry average, which means the company has not been effective in utilizing existing resources.</span>

Liquidity Saving Mechanisms in Payment Systems and Settlement Liquidity

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-45
Author(s):  
Masashi Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Payment System ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Turnover Ratio ◽  
Saving Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Settlement Time ◽  
Remarkable Progress

Payment systems are one of the key Financial Market Infrastructures (FMIs) and have showed remarkable progress over the past two decades. The first half of this paper focuses on the evolutionary process of payment systems, starting with the Deferred Net Settlement (DNS) system and progressing to the Real-Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) system. Subsequently, much more sophisticated payment systems have been put in place, which include the “Hybrid System,” and the “RTGS system with Liquidity Saving Mechanism (LSM).” In the latter half of this paper, experience from the “Next-Generation Real-Time Gross Settlement” (RTGS-XG) project of BOJ-NET is discussed. BOJ-NET is the large-value payment system operated by Bank of Japan (BOJ). BOJ-NET, a pure RTGS system, added an LSM in 2008 and became an RTGS system with LSM. The impact of the LSM's introduction is analyzed, which includes the participants' settlement liquidity, the liquidity-saving effect, the average settlement time, the average waiting time in the queue, the turnover ratio, and the volume of idle liquidity. These analyses would be useful for any nations considering the introduction of the same kind of enhanced payment system.

scholarly journals Frontiers of Real-Time Data Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Croushore
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Time Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Data Revisions ◽  
The World ◽  
Real Time Data ◽  
The Impact

In the past ten years, researchers have explored the impact of data revisions in many different contexts. Researchers have examined the properties of data revisions, how structural modeling is affected by data revisions, how data revisions affect forecasting, the impact of data revisions on monetary policy analysis, and the use of real-time data in current analysis. This paper summarizes many of the questions for which real-time data analysis has provided answers. In addition, researchers and institutions have developed better real-time data sets around the world. Still, additional research is needed in key areas and research to date has uncovered even more fruitful areas worth exploring. (JEL C52, C53, C80, E01)

scholarly journals Borders within Borders: The Impact of Occupational Licensing on Immigrant Incorporation

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-45
Author(s):  
Beth Redbird ◽  
Angel Alfonso Escamilla-García
Keyword(s):  
Financial Capital ◽  
Immigrant Incorporation ◽  
Immigrant Labor ◽  
Occupational Licensing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Past ◽  
Occupational Regulation ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Institutional Mechanism

Over the past four decades, occupational regulation, particularly licensing, which creates a legal right to practice, has engulfed the American occupational structure. Occupational licensure research typically offers theoretical arguments suggesting that licensing limits individuals’ entry into an occupation. For migrants arriving with little financial capital, licensing requirements can act as substantial barriers to occupational entry. On the other hand, licensing delineates, codifies, and publicizes uniform standards for occupational entry, which may have the effect of enhancing accessibility for immigrants. Using a unique longitudinal data set of occupational licensing enactments between 1994 and 2012, combined with nationally representative data from the Current Population Survey, the authors show that licensing creates institutional mechanism that can ease access into occupations for immigrants, particularly for vulnerable immigrant labor groups, particularly for (1) those arriving as adults after the acquisition of education credentials in their countries of origin and (2) those who recently entered the country and may lack the occupational social networks necessary to find and obtain jobs and the cultural capital to follow typical informal paths to entry.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Harga Saham

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Yoyon Supriadi ◽  
Muhammad Ariffin
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Financial Ratio ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
The Impact

Stock is an investment instrument which is prefered at the present. Basically, the purpose of investing in stock field is to get capital gain or investment rate return at high stage. Financial performance is a standard to find out the condition of a company based on its annual financial statement. Financial condition can be taken note of by making use of financial ratio analysis. The author utilizes Earning per Share, Return on  Assets, and Operating Profit Margin to know the financial performance. The purpose of this research is to find out the impact of financial performance on stock price. The author knows the financial performance from EPS (X1), ROA (X2), and OPM (X3) of Stock Price (Y). EPS, ROA, and OPM are taken by the author from performance summary originated in IDX. The research was conducted during the period 2006 through 2010 by taking samples at PT Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa Tbk. and PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk engaged in basic industry, that is cement industry. Based on the result of this research, it can be concluded that just Operating Profit Margin Ratio at PT Indocement Tunggal Prakarsa has significant effect on stock price, whereas Return on Equity and Earning per Share at the same company do not have significant effect on stoc price. Earning per Share, Return on Equity, and Operating Profit Margin at PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. do not have ignificant effect. Therefore, it can be concluded that there are external factors influencing stock price at PT Indocement Tunggal prakarsa Tbk. and PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk. The example is global crisis 2008 originated in The United States presented impact on cement industry; the stock price of cement industry decreased then.   Keywords:financial performance (EPS, ROA, and OPM); stock price at the end of the year

scholarly journals Theoretical approaches to accounting for non-current assets: economic and financial interpretation of depreciation

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Н.В. Ульянова
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Capital Maintenance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Operating Activities

В публикации предпринята попытка теоретического обоснования положений по оценке внеоборотных активов с точки зрения их кругооборота и использования амортизации как источника самофинансирования. За счет анализа амортизационной политики и выделения амортизации в составе расходов текущего периода предлагается оценить процесс возмещения стоимости внеоборотных активов в операционной деятельности и способность организации к обновлению внеоборотного капитала за счет амортизационных отчислений. Проведенные аналитические процедуры предопределили правила переоценки внеоборотных активов, ее отражения в балансе и трактовку переоценки с точки зрения физической и финансовой концепции поддержания капитала. По мнению автора, предложенный подход к обоснованию методов учета позволяет не только показать актуальную оценку внеоборотных активов на дату составления отчетности, но создает качественно новую отчетную информацию, характеризующую эффект от участия внеоборотных активов в операционной деятельности в прошлом, настоящем и будущем. The publication attempts to theoretically substantiate the provisions for the assessment of non-current assets from the point of view of their circulation and the use of depreciation as a source of self-financing. By analyzing the depreciation policy and allocating depreciation as part of the current period, it is proposed to assess the process of reimbursing the cost of non-current assets in operating activities and the organization's ability to renew non-current capital at the expense of depreciation charges. The conducted analytical procedures predetermined the rules for the revaluation of non-current assets, its reflection in the balance sheet and the interpretation of the revaluation from the point of view of the physical and financial concept of capital maintenance. According to the author, the proposed approach to substantiating accounting methods allows not only to show the actual assessment of non-current assets as of the reporting date, but creates a qualitatively new reporting information characterizing the effect of the participation of non-current assets in operating activities in the past, present and future.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KEBERLANJUTAN KELAPA SAWIT SEBAGAI IMPLIKASI PENURUNAN HARGA KELAPA SAWIT DAERAH SEI KEPAYANG MEDAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Paduloh Paduloh ◽  
Ika Yunita ◽  
Humiras Hardi Purba
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
The Past ◽  
Farmer Groups ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Harga kelapa sawit merupakan tema yang banyak dibahas saat ini terkait dengan berbagai macam isu dan kendala yang dihadapi oleh pelaku industri ini. Penurunan harga kelapa sawit seringkali dikaitkan dengan isu-isu lingkungan di luar negeri berkaitan dengan pembukaan lahan dan lain-lain. Harga kelapa sawit mencapai harga termurah yang pernah ada jika dibandingkan dengan harga beberapa tahun ke belakang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak yang penurunan harga kelapa sawit terhadap keberlanjutan dan memberikan solusi yang dapat diusulkan untuk mengurangi dampak. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah  SSM, AHP dan ISM agar bisa menghasilkan solusi yang lebih akurat.  Hasil analisis menggunakan SSM didapatkan  bahwa infrastruktur untuk mengangkut hasil panen sangat mendesak diberikan kepada masyarakat untuk mempermudah pengangkutan TBS hasil panen, adanya jaminan untuk harga jual TBS, dan peningkatan kemampuan petani agar bisa mengelola perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan baik dan efisien. Hasil ISM menunjukkan bahwa diperlukan kerjasama yang baik antara pemerintah, kelompok tani , gapoktan, dan koperasi dalam  meningkatkan kualitas hasil panen kelapa sawit. Kerjasama antara beberapa petani untuk pengiriman bersama hasil panen dari perkebunan ke PKS, sehingga biaya pengangkutan bisa lebih murah. Kemudian kerjasama antara pemerintah dan koperasi untuk menjamin harga kelapa sawit. Potensi penelitian berikutnya untuk pembentukan model kelembagaan seperti pada hasil ISM. Abstract[Sustainability Analysis of Palm Oil as Implications  The Decrease of Selling Price the Crude Palm Oil at Sei Kepayang Medan  Nort Sumatra] The price of oil palm is a theme that is widely discussed today related to a variety of issues and obstacles faced by these industry players. The decline in oil palm price is often associated with environmental issues abroad related to land clearing and others. The price of palm oil has reached the lowest price ever compared to the prices of the past few years. This study aims to analyze the impact of the decline in oil palm prices on sustainability and find solutions that can be proposed to reduce the impact. The methods used in this study are SSM, AHP and ISM in order to produce more accurate solutions. The results of the analysis using SSM found that the infrastructure to transport crop yields was very urgent to be provided to the community to facilitate the transportation of FFB harvested yields, there was a guarantee for the selling price of FFBs and an increase in the ability of farmers to manage oil palm plantations properly and efficiently. ISM results show that good cooperation between the government, farmer groups, farmer groups and cooperatives is needed in improving the quality of oil palm yields. Cooperation between several farmers for joint delivery of crops from plantations to PKS, so transportation costs can be cheaper. Then the Cooperation between the government and cooperatives to guarantee the price of oil palm. The potential for subsequent research is for the formation of institutional models such as the ISM results.Keywords: AHP; ISM; selling price; SSM; palm oil

scholarly journals ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN DALAM MENGUKUR KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PT. BERKAH SUKSES ALKES KOTA BANJARMASIN

KINDAI ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-472
Author(s):  
Ade Reni Savitri
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Ratios ◽  
Financial Ratio ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
Business Efficiency ◽  
Operational Activities

Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui analisis Laporan Keuangan Dalam Mengukur Kinerja Keuangan Pada PT Berkah Sukses Alkes Kota Banjarmasin dan untuk mengetahui kinerja keuangan pada PT. Berkah Sukses Alkes kota Banjarmasin, Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif untuk menganalisis data dengan cara mendeskripsikan dan mengklasifikasikan data yang diperoleh dari PT. Berkah Sukses Alkes Kota Banjarmasin yaitu laporan Keuangan neraca dan laba rugi kemudian menganalisis data tersebut menggunakan analisis rasio keuangan, Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diketahui laporan keuangan perusahaan menunjukan kondisi keuangan yang baik karena perusahaan mampu membayar kewajiban jangka pendek yang segera jatuh tempo kepada pihak – pihak distributor maupun untuk kegiatan operasional perusahaan dengan menggunakan aset atau kekayaan yang dimiliki perusahaan. Meskipun dalam perhitungan rasio debt to equit dan total nilai rasio perputaran persediaan masih berada dibawah nilai standar rasio keuangan yang diakibatkan over stok persediaan pada tahun 2019, namun perusahaan mampu mempertahankan tingkat keuntungan perusahaan dengan meningkatkan nilai penjualan dan juga mencatatkan pertumbuhan laba usaha dan laba bersih yang sangat baikKata Kunci : Laporan Keuangan, Rasio Keuangan : Likuiditas, Solvabilitas, Aktivitas, Profitabilitas, Permodalan dan Efisiensi Usaha, Kinerja KeuanganABSTRAC : The purpose of this research is to know the analysis of financial statements in measuring financial performance at PT. Berkah Sukses Alkes Banjarmasin and to find out the financial performance at PT. Berkah Sukses Alkes Banjarmasin.The method used is descriptive analysis to analyze data by describing and classifying the data obtained from PT. Berkah Sukses Alkes Banjarmasin, namely the balance sheet and profit and loss financial statements then analyzed the data using financial ratio analysis.The results show that it is known that the company's financial statements show a good financial condition because the company is able to pay short-term obligations that are due immediately to distributors as well as for the company's operational activities by using assets or assets owned by the company. Even though the calculation of the debt to equit ratio and the total value of the inventory turnover ratio were still below the standard value of financial ratios due to over-stock of inventories in 2019, the company was able to maintain the company's profit level by increasing sales value and also recording growth in operating profit and net profit. very good.Keywords : Financial Statements, Financial Ratios: Liquidity, Solvency, Activity, Profitability, Capital, Business Efficiency, Financial Performance

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on the Confectionery of the Kyrgyz Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kydygalieva
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Impact

The coronavirus infection has been continuing to spread all around the world for a year and a half. And it has had an impact not only on the health and life expectancy of the population, but also on the overall psychological and financial condition of people all around the world. The Kyrgyz Republic was no exception to this. Because, unfortunately, tons of employees lost their jobs during the quarantine. The competition killed most part of small businesses. The same situation was in the confectionery market of Kyrgyzstan. This article examines the main companies in the confectionery market of Kyrgyzstan, their market shares, as well as the volume of imported products over the past 8 years. Also the paper shows the main factors that influenced the indicators of confectionery consumption and changes in the companies management structure during the pandemic.

Resolving the Mark-to Market vs Historical Cost debate: where do we go from here?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 301-310
Author(s):  
Michael Chatham ◽  
Jerry Kopf
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Historical Cost ◽  
The Past ◽  
Financial Condition

Mark-to-market accounting has been one of the most hotly debated changes in accounting. Some, including the past Federal Reserve Chairman, Ben Bernanke, cited it as one of the causes of the 2007-2008 U.S. economic crisis.  Many in the accounting community disagree with the Chairman and feel that movement away from historical cost has been a positive for transparency. Though countless individuals have voiced either their opposition or their support of mark-to-market accounting, each of them seems to view the debate as one between either historical cost or mark-to-market. After reviewing the arguments for both historical cost and mark-to-market in detail, we conclude the production of two financial statements, a traditional Balance Sheet based on historical costs, and a Statement of Financial Condition based on mark-to-market, would be relatively inexpensive to produce and would better provide the information needed by different users employing said financial information for, invariably, different purposes.

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