Is the homozygous region on chromosome 16q12.2 responsible for a fifth mandibular incisor?

Abstract Objective The rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies for medical imaging has recently enabled automatic identification of anatomical landmarks on radiographs. The purpose of this study was to compare the results of an automatic cephalometric analysis using convolutional neural network with those obtained by a conventional cephalometric approach. Material and methods Cephalometric measurements of lateral cephalograms from 35 patients were obtained using an automatic program and a conventional program. Fifteen skeletal cephalometric measurements, nine dental cephalometric measurements, and two soft tissue cephalometric measurements obtained by the two methods were compared using paired t test and Bland-Altman plots. Results A comparison between the measurements from the automatic and conventional cephalometric analyses in terms of the paired t test confirmed that the saddle angle, linear measurements of maxillary incisor to NA line, and mandibular incisor to NB line showed statistically significant differences. All measurements were within the limits of agreement based on the Bland-Altman plots. The widths of limits of agreement were wider in dental measurements than those in the skeletal measurements. Conclusions Automatic cephalometric analyses based on convolutional neural network may offer clinically acceptable diagnostic performance. Careful consideration and additional manual adjustment are needed for dental measurements regarding tooth structures for higher accuracy and better performance.

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Alleviation of Oxidative Stress in Dental Pulp Cells Following 4-Hexylresorcinol Administration in a Rat Model

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083637 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3637

Author(s):

Jun-Ho Chang ◽

Dae-Won Kim ◽

Seong-Gon Kim ◽

Tae-Woo Kim

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Mandibular Incisor ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Total Antioxidant ◽

Pulp Cells ◽

Pre Treatment

Damaged dental pulp undergoes oxidative stress and 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) is a well-known antioxidant. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of a 4HR ointment on damaged dental pulp. Pulp cells from rat mandibular incisor were cultured and treated with 4HR or resveratrol (1–100 μM). These treatments (10–100 μM) exerted a protective effect during subsequent hydrogen peroxide treatments. The total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly increased following 4HR or resveratrol treatment (p < 0.05), while the expression levels of TNF-α and IL1β were decreased following the exposure to 4HR pre-treatment in an in vitro model. Additionally, the application of 4HR ointment in an exposed dental pulp model significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL1β (p < 0.05). Conclusively, 4HR exerted protective effects against oxidative stress in dental pulp tissues through downregulating TNF-α and IL1β.

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Dental and skeletal changes in mild to moderate Class II malocclusions treated by either a Twin-block or Xbow appliance followed by full fixed orthodontic treatment

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/092814-696.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 85 (6) ◽

pp. 997-1002 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sayeh Ehsani ◽

Brian Nebbe ◽

David Normando ◽

Manuel O Lagravere ◽

Carlos Flores-Mir

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Class Ii ◽

Control Group ◽

Block Group ◽

Two Phase ◽

Mandibular Incisor ◽

Twin Block ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Skeletal Changes ◽

Length Increase

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the short-term skeletal and dental effects of two-phase orthodontic treatment including either a Twin-block or an XBow appliance. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective clinical trial of 50 consecutive Class II cases treated in a private practice with either a Twin-block (25) or XBow (25) appliance followed by full fixed orthodontic treatment. To factor out growth, an untreated Class II control group (25) was considered. Results: A MANOVA of treatment/observation changes followed by univariate pairwise comparisons showed that the maxilla moved forward less in the treatment groups than in the control group. As for mandibular changes, the corpus length increase was larger in the Twin-block group by 3.9 mm. Dentally, mesial movement of mandibular molars was greater in both treatment groups. Although no distalization of maxillary molars was found in either treatment group, restriction of mesial movement of these teeth was seen in both treatment groups. Both treatment groups demonstrated increased mandibular incisor proclination with larger increases for the XBow group by 3.3°. The Wits value was decreased by 1.6 mm more in the Twin-block group. No sex-related differences were observed. Conclusions: Class II correction using an XBow or Twin-block followed by fixed appliances occurs through a relatively similar combination of dental and skeletal effects. An increase in mandibular incisor inclination for the XBow group and an increased corpus length for the Twin-block group were notable exceptions. No overall treatment length differences were seen.

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X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia in Crossbred Beef Cattle Due to a Large Deletion in EDA

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030657 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 657 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Donal O’Toole ◽

Irene M. Häfliger ◽

Fabienne Leuthard ◽

Brant Schumaker ◽

Lynn Steadman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ectodermal Dysplasia ◽

Severe Pneumonia ◽

Large Deletion ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Enamel Organ ◽

Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia ◽

Mandibular Incisor ◽

Base Pair Deletion ◽

Red Angus ◽

Mucosal Glands

X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia-1 (ECTD1) in people results in a spectrum of abnormalities, most importantly hypotrichosis, anodontia/oligodontia, and absent or defective ectodermally derived glands. Five Red Angus-Simmental calves born over a 6-year period demonstrated severe hypotrichosis and were diagnosed as affected with ECTD1-like syndrome. Two died of severe pneumonia within a week of birth. The skin of three affected calves revealed a predominance of histologically unremarkable small-caliber hair follicles. Larger follicles (>50 µm) containing medullated hairs (including guard and tactile hairs) were largely restricted to the muzzle, chin, tail, eyelids, tragus and distal portions of the limbs and tail. The mean histological density of hair follicles in flank skin of two affected calves was slightly greater than that in two unaffected calves. One affected calf was examined postmortem at 10 days of age to better characterize systemic lesions. Nasolabial, intranasal and tracheobronchial mucosal glands were absent, whereas olfactory glands were unaffected. Mandibular incisor teeth were absent. Premolar teeth were unerupted and widely spaced. Other than oligodontia, histological changes in teeth were modest, featuring multifocal disorganization of ameloblasts, new bone formation in dental alveoli, and small aggregates of osteodentin and cementum at the margins of the enamel organ. A 52,780 base pair deletion spanning six out of eight coding exons of EDA and all of AWAT2 was identified. Partial deletion of the EDA gene is the presumed basis for the reported X-chromosomal recessive inherited genodermatosis.

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Influence of magnification and superimposition of structures on cephalometric diagnosis

Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1590/2176-9451.20.2.029-034.oar ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 29-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leonardo Koerich de Paula ◽

Priscilla de Almeida Solon-de-Mello ◽

Claudia Trindade Mattos ◽

Antônio Carlos de Oliveira Ruellas ◽

Eduardo Franzotti Sant'Anna

Keyword(s):

Horizontal Plane ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Occlusal Plane ◽

Maxillary Incisor ◽

Plane Angle ◽

R Software ◽

Mandibular Incisor ◽

Full Face ◽

Frankfort Horizontal Plane

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of magnification and superimposition of structures on CBCT-generated lateral cephalometric radiographs (LCR) using different segments of the cranium. METHODS: CBCT scans of 10 patients were selected. Four LCR were generated using Dolphin Imaging(r) software: full-face, right side, left side and center of the head. A total of 40 images were imported into Radiocef Studio 2(r), and the angles of the most common cephalometric analyses were traced by the same observer twice and within a 10-day interval. Statistical analyses included intraexaminer agreement and comparison between methods by means of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman agreement tests. RESULTS: Intraexaminer agreement of the angles assessed by ICC was excellent (> 0.90) for 83% of measurements, good (between 0.75 and 0.90) for 15%, and moderate (between 0.50 and 0.75) for 2% of measurements. The comparison between methods by ICC was excellent for 68% of measurements, good for 26%, and moderate for 6%. Variables presenting wider confidence intervals (> 6o) in the Bland-Altman tests, in intraexaminer assessment, were: mandibular incisor angle, maxillary incisor angle, and occlusal plane angle. And in comparison methods the variables with wider confidence interval were: mandibular incisor, maxillary incisor, GoGn, occlusal plane angle, Frankfort horizontal plane (FHP), and CoA. CONCLUSION: Superimposition of structures seemed to influence the results more than magnification, and neither one of them significantly influenced the measurements. Considerable individual variability may occur, especially for mandibular and maxillary incisors, FHP and occlusal plane.

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Tooth with a ‘Tail’. A Case Report of a Dilacerated Mandibular Incisor

British Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1179/bjo.11.1.42 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 42-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

B. S. Feldman

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Mandibular Incisor

A case report is presented of a child with a dilacerated mandibular incisor and the subsequent orthodontic treatment.

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All-Trans Retinoic Acid-Induced Craniofacial Malformation Model: A Prenatal and Postnatal Morphological Analysis

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/15-271 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 391-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Weicai Wang ◽

Yutao Jian ◽

Bin Cai ◽

Miao Wang ◽

Mu Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retinoic Acid ◽

Morphological Analysis ◽

Bone Development ◽

Skull Morphology ◽

Craniofacial Malformations ◽

Mandibular Incisor ◽

Craniofacial Bone ◽

Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽

Age Dependent

Objective To characterize the prenatal and postnatal craniofacial bone development in mouse model of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) exposure at different ages by a quantitative and morphological analysis of skull morphology. Methods Pregnant mice were exposed to ATRA at embryonic day 10 (E10) and 13 (E13) by oral gavage. Skulls of mice embryos at E19.5 and adult mice at postnatal day 35 (P35) were collected for high-resolution microcomputed tomography (microCT) imaging scanning and section HE staining. Reconstruction and measurement of mouse skulls were performed for prenatal and postnatal analysis of the control and ATRA-exposed mice. Results Craniofacial malformations in mouse models caused by ATRA exposure were age dependent. ATRA exposure at E10 induced cleft palate in 81.8% of the fetuses, whereas the palatine bone of E13-exposed mice was intact. Inhibitions of maxilla and mandible development with craniofacial asymmetry induced were observed at E19.5 and P35. Compared with control and E13-exposed mice, the palatine bones of E10-exposed mice were not elevated and were smaller in dimension. Some E10-exposed mice exhibited other craniofacial abnormalities, including premature fusion of mandibular symphysis with a missing mandibular incisor and a smaller mandible. Severe deviated snouts and amorphous craniofacial suture were detected in E13-exposed mice at P35. Conclusion These morphological variations in E10- and E13-exposed mice suggested that ATRA was teratogenic in craniofacial bone development in mice and the effect was age dependent.

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