scholarly journals The Evolution of Sustainable Mobility and Urban Space Planning: Exploring the factors contributing to the Regeneration of Car Parking in Living Spaces

2022 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Tiziana Campisi ◽  
Barbara Caselli ◽  
Silvia Rossetti ◽  
Vincenza Torrisi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Space Planning

scholarly journals Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) as an Effective Method of Research into Social Preferences in Urban Space Planning

Land ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Gerus-Gościewska ◽  
Dariusz Gościewski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Grey System Theory ◽  
Grey System ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Relational Analysis ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Grey Relational

The appearance of urban space is most often determined by planners, urbanists, and officials who fail to consider social preferences in the planning process. According to recent scientific research, spatial design should take into account people’s preferences with regard to its shape, as it is they who are the target audience. Moreover, legal regulations in many countries require the public’s inclusion into the space planning process. This paper outlines the legal status of the issue of social participation in spatial planning and provides an overview of the methods and techniques applied in the research into preferences. The aim of the article is to determine the strength of the relationship between the features adopted for the study using the grey system theory and to investigate the model’s behaviour for varied input data. It also presents the results of a study into the effect of geospatial features on the perception of the sense of security within urban space. The features were extracted using a heuristic method for solving research problems (i.e., brainstorming) and the survey was conducted by the point-scoring method. The survey results were processed by the grey system method according to the grey system theory (GST) of the grey relational analysis (GRA) type to yield a sequence of the strength of dependence between the analysed features. The study was conducted five times, with the order of entering the survey results being changed. The conducted analyses indicated that a change in the order of data from particular surveys applied for calculations resulted in the order of the epsilon coefficients in the significance sequences being changed. The analysis process was modified in order to obtain a stable significance sequence irrespective of the order of entering survey results in the analysis process. The analysis results in the form of a geospatial feature significance sequence provide information as to which of them have the greatest impact on the phenomenon under consideration. The research method can be applied to solve practical problems related to social participation.

Strategies for Sustainable Urban Mobility: Analysis of Best Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-103
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Mobility Strategies ◽  
Access Rights ◽  
Sustainable Urban Mobility

The article is dedicated to the analysis of the approved strategies for sustainable mobility (sustainable transport) in the world’s leading cities. It is shown that most strategic documents contain similar principles and goals that determine the transformation vectors for cities. The fundamental principles include hierarchy of priorities (not only financial, but also in terms of equitable distribution of urban space, starting from pedestrian and bicycle mobility and public transport and ending with parking); increasing ecomobility, involving the “80:20” principle (fixing the goal of bringing the share of sustainable modes of mobility to 80% and decreasing the share of cars to 20% by 2030); “healthy streets, healthy people” and “complete streets” (reformatting car-oriented streets into bicycle and pedestrian spaces, administrative restrictions for cars, internalization of externalities); development of environmentally friendly high-speed rail public transport and the creation of preferential access rights for public transport; Vision Zero (zero tolerance for road accidents); compactness, polycentricity, and transit-oriented development; smart transport and multimodality; consideration of the transport system as one of the integral parts of the city’s stability (holistic view), etc. It is determined that the analyzed mobility strategies organically integrate into the general trajectory of sustainable long-term development and promotion of real human wellbeing. Most strategies focus on personal experience of their beneficiaries, which lies at the heart of any reform (people-centered approach). An additional benefit resulting from the implementation of sustainable mobility strategies is lower density and safer distancing within cities, which is highly relevant in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as reduced freight prices and development of a more just and secure city environment.

scholarly journals Crowdsourced Quantification and Visualization of Urban Mobility Space Inequality

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Szell
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Space Allocation ◽  
Crowdsourced Data ◽  
Privately Owned

Most cities are car-centric, allocating a privileged amount of urban space to cars at the expense of sustainable mobility like cycling. Simultaneously, privately owned vehicles are vastly underused, wasting valuable opportunities for accommodating more people in a livable urban environment by occupying spacious parking areas. Since a data-driven quantification and visualization of such urban mobility space inequality is lacking, here we explore how crowdsourced data can help to advance its understanding. In particular, we describe how the open-source online platform What the Street!? uses massive user-generated data from OpenStreetMap for the interactive exploration of city-wide mobility spaces. Using polygon packing and graph algorithms, the platform rearranges all parking and mobility spaces of cars, rails, and bicycles of a city to be directly comparable, making mobility space inequality accessible to a broad public. This crowdsourced method confirms a prevalent imbalance between modal share and space allocation in 23 cities worldwide, typically discriminating bicycles. Analyzing the guesses of the platform’s visitors about mobility space distributions, we find that this discrimination is consistently underestimated in the public opinion. Finally, we discuss a visualized scenario in which extensive parking areas are regained through fleets of shared, autonomous vehicles. We outline how such accessible visualization platforms can facilitate urban planners and policy makers to reclaim road and parking space for pushing forward sustainable transport solutions.

THE ROLE OF HIGHWAYS IN CREATING A BIOSPHERE-COMPATIBLE URBAN SPACE: RUSSIAN METROPOLITAN EXPERIENCE

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Igor’ Pryadko
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Urban Streets ◽  
Transport Organization ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
The Media ◽  
General Scientific

In this research project the author analyzes a most relevant problem, that is, biosphere compatibility of urban space planning in major megalopolises; this problem comprises the launch of a comfortable transport system, convenient transport routes free from any traffic jams in urban streets and highways. The author con-siders different methods for organization of convenient transport routes in Moscow. The author believes that a comfortable transport network is a main factor for sustainable development of the urban economy that may help the city to restore its main functions. The author has employed the retrospective analysis of the materials produced by the media, namely, news items published in Moscow and Moscow Metropolitan area in respect of the transport organization patterns. The author has also employed the method of historical comparisons, as well as the general scientific methods of deduction, induction, and deduction by analogy. The author collect-ed the source material by launching a questionnaire-based survey among the residents of the capital. The survey served to help the author to find out the main trends in the organization of the urban space and to identify the transport preferences of urban residents. Moscow transport development trends include broad-ened bus lanes, rent-a-bicycle stations, construction of hubs both on the outskirts of Moscow and in its cen-tre, and liquidation of traffic “bottlenecks”. Innovations include replacement of trolley bus and bus routes by electric bus routes. The retrospective analysis of e-transport networks in Europe and North America is of-fered to identify the current needs of European megalopolises. The survey findings can be invested into the organization of the Moscow transport network.

scholarly journals A Circuity Temporal Analysis of Urban Street Networks Using Open Data: A Lisbon Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Miguel Costa ◽  
Manuel Marques ◽  
Filipe Moura
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Urban Street ◽  
Street Networks ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Straight Line

Urban street networks impact urban space usage and movement across a city. Circuity, the ratio of network distances to straight-line distances, is considered a critical measurement in urban network morphology and transportation efficiency as it can measure the attractiveness of routes in terms of distance traveled. Here, we compare circuity measures for drivable, cyclable, and walkable networks to analyze how they evolved and understand whether urban changes have produced meaningful circuity changes. Our analyses rely on Lisbon data from OpenStreetMaps to explore circuity for the period 2013–2020, which we used to simulate 4.8 million routes using OpenRouteService to compute the different modes’ circuity measures. Our findings suggest that it is crucial to analyze each transport network type separately when planning or modeling urban street networks. Their composition and design differ significantly from mode to mode, such as their attractiveness to users. We identify significant changes in modes’ circuity over time, especially in cycling, following Lisbon’s cycling infrastructure expansion. Our paper demonstrates that the circuity indicator is useful when planning and modeling street networks, in particular, to optimize the location choice for interventions required to increase the attractiveness of active modes and promote sustainable mobility. At the same time, we emphasize the lack of information on walking infrastructures required for more detailed analyses.

scholarly journals City-Scale Mapping of Urban Façade Color Using Street-View Imagery

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1591
Author(s):  
Teng Zhong ◽  
Cheng Ye ◽  
Zian Wang ◽  
Guoan Tang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Regular Grids ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Street View ◽  
Gray Tone ◽  
High Level

Precise urban façade color is the foundation of urban color planning. Nevertheless, existing research on urban colors usually relies on manual sampling due to technical limitations, which brings challenges for evaluating urban façade color with the co-existence of city-scale and fine-grained resolution. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based approach for mapping the urban façade color using street-view imagery. The dominant color of the urban façade (DCUF) is adopted as an indicator to describe the urban façade color. A case study in Shenzhen was conducted to measure the urban façade color using Baidu Street View (BSV) panoramas, with city-scale mapping of the urban façade color in both irregular geographical units and regular grids. Shenzhen’s urban façade color has a gray tone with low chroma. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has a high level of accuracy for the extraction of the urban façade color. In short, this study contributes to the development of urban color planning by efficiently analyzing the urban façade color with higher levels of validity across city-scale areas. Insights into the mapping of the urban façade color from the humanistic perspective could facilitate higher quality urban space planning and design.

scholarly journals Effects of Urbanization on the Dynamics and Equity of Access to Urban Parks from 2000 to 2015 in Beijing, China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1796
Author(s):  
Xiangqi Kong ◽  
Yan Sun ◽  
Chengyang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Bivariate Correlation ◽  
Population Urbanization ◽  
Equity Of Access

Urban parks provide multiple ecosystem services as an important element of the urban space and improve human health and wellbeing. This study used the Gaussian-based 2SFCA method to evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of and changes in park accessibility within the Sixth Ring Road in Beijing over 15 years. The study also used bivariate correlation analysis to analyze the relationship between urbanization factors and park access. The results showed that the overall park accessibility in both quantity and proximity had increased from 2000 to 2015, but there were still certain areas (percentage) that had limited access to parks. The inequity of distribution in park accessibility had been detected accompanying the rapid increase in park quantity in 2015. Furthermore, the development of urban parks mismatched that of urbanization in terms of urban land increase. The correlation between accessibility changes and population urbanization is not significant. Proper urban green space planning based on the distribution of population density and urban land use is indispensable in avoiding the aggravation of inequity in the process of urban expansion. This study contributes to the assessment of the current park allocation efficiency and helps urban planners and policymakers make prompt adjustments in the rapidly urbanizing process.

Transdisciplinary Methodology of an Architectural and Urban Discourse in Higher Education

2017 ◽  
pp. 828-842
Author(s):  
Svetlana Perović
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Social Community ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Urban Discourse ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
Definition Of

The chapter includes identification of the need for reconceptualization of architectural and urbanistic discourse in higher education and the definition of the transdisciplinary methodology for a sustainable development of the living environment. Architecture and urbanism as complex disciplines that start from the existential social needs and reach to the most complex challenges and aspirations involve complex approaches and complex relations. Professional educational environment from architecture and urbanism aspect is integral. It includes the study of forms and models of urban space planning to architectural structures, details, materials, environmental challenges, as well as new paradigms of shaping life and work in the community. This requires the involvement of various disciplines and forms of knowledge for forming a competent and productive response to modern challenges of the real world. With the development and adoption of transdisciplinary methodology in environmental higher education, a platform can be developed for sustainable urban development in a sustainable social community. Technological aspect has a central role in that process.

Sustainable Transport and Quality of Life Analysis of Cycling Impact in Italy

2013 ◽  
pp. 251-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Privitera
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Life Analysis ◽  
Strategic Perspective ◽  
Functional Areas

In the last 20 years cities have undergone considerable changes. The current phase of expansion, which took place in the absence of demographic pressures, has diluted urban space into functional areas, scattered randomly throughout the area. The authors therefore identify new mobility needs, met mainly by private means, with implications in terms of congestion and air pollution. Sustainable mobility is a priority intervention for the EU. This chapter studies, after a discussion of the importance of sustainable mobility, cycling in Italy from an economic and strategic perspective. Promoting cycling is important for individual health, environmental sustainability, and transport demand management. In Italy, very few people use a bicycle on a regular basis. The analysis relies on national aggregate data as well as case studies of large and small cities in an Italian region.

Sustainable Transport and Quality of Life Analysis of Cycling Impact in Italy

2013 ◽  
pp. 1279-1296
Author(s):  
Donatella Privitera
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Life Analysis ◽  
Strategic Perspective ◽  
Functional Areas

In the last 20 years cities have undergone considerable changes. The current phase of expansion, which took place in the absence of demographic pressures, has diluted urban space into functional areas, scattered randomly throughout the area. The authors therefore identify new mobility needs, met mainly by private means, with implications in terms of congestion and air pollution. Sustainable mobility is a priority intervention for the EU. This chapter studies, after a discussion of the importance of sustainable mobility, cycling in Italy from an economic and strategic perspective. Promoting cycling is important for individual health, environmental sustainability, and transport demand management. In Italy, very few people use a bicycle on a regular basis. The analysis relies on national aggregate data as well as case studies of large and small cities in an Italian region.

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