Estimating clinical chemistry reference values based on an existing data set of unselected animals

2008 ◽  
Vol 178 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrado Dimauro ◽  
Piero Bonelli ◽  
Paola Nicolussi ◽  
Salvatore P.G. Rassu ◽  
Aldo Cappio-Borlino ◽  
...  
1995 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
G. F. Benedict ◽  
J. T. McGraw ◽  
T. R. Hess

A CCD/Transit Instrument (CTI) has produced relative astrometry with standard errors less than 2.6% of a 1.55 arcsecond pixel for stars with V ≤ 17. Additional astrometric studies with existing data are required to better understand the ultimate contribution these devices can make to our science.The CTI is presently dismantled, awaiting a move to a new site. We briefly discuss the potential astrometric scientific returns from the exisiting data set, from a refurbished CTI, and from a similar device emplaced on the Moon.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail Wickson

The mealtime experiences for people with dementia and their caregivers living in the community has not been extensively explored. An existing data set provided information on the mealtime strategies used to cope with changing dementia behaviours. A secondary analysis of data from 10 dyads of people with dementia and their caregivers were analyzed. Four categories were identified including: Strategies to facilitate eating; Strategies to promote a sense of self; Stategies to minimize risk; and Strategies to promote caregiver well-being. The dyads used a variety of strategies that were common to all stages of dementia; however by the late stages, the dyads used more specific strategies. In general, the mealtime strategies used by adult caregivers and spousal caregivers did not greatly differ but rather the context in which they engaged in mealtimes did. The results demonstrated that there are opportunities to educate families and professionals about potential mealtime strategies.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben C. Arslan

Data documentation in psychology lags behind not only many other disciplines, but also basic standards of usefulness. Psychological scientists often prefer to invest the time and effort that would be necessary to document existing data well in other duties, such as writing and collecting more data. Codebooks therefore tend to be unstandardized and stored in proprietary formats, and they are rarely properly indexed in search engines. This means that rich data sets are sometimes used only once—by their creators—and left to disappear into oblivion. Even if they can find an existing data set, researchers are unlikely to publish analyses based on it if they cannot be confident that they understand it well enough. My codebook package makes it easier to generate rich metadata in human- and machine-readable codebooks. It uses metadata from existing sources and automates some tedious tasks, such as documenting psychological scales and reliabilities, summarizing descriptive statistics, and identifying patterns of missingness. The codebook R package and Web app make it possible to generate a rich codebook in a few minutes and just three clicks. Over time, its use could lead to psychological data becoming findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable, thereby reducing research waste and benefiting both its users and the scientific community as a whole.


Radiocarbon ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippa L Ascough ◽  
Mike J Church ◽  
Gordon T Cook

AbstractThis article presents new values for the Scottish marine radiocarbon reservoir effect (MRE) during the Mesolithic at 4540–4240 BC (6490–6190 BP) and the Medieval period at AD 1460–1630 (490–320 BP). The results give a ΔR of –126±3914C yr for the Mesolithic and of –130±3614C yr for the Medieval. We recalculate previously published MRE values for the earlier Holocene in this region, at 6480–6290 BC (8430–8180 BP). Here, MRE values are slightly elevated, with a ΔR of 64±4114C yr, possibly relating to the 8.2ka BP cold event. New values for the Mesolithic and Medieval indicate lower MRE values, broadly consistent with an existing data set of 37 mid- to late Holocene assessments for Scottish waters, indicating stable ocean conditions. We compare the intercept and probability density function (PDF) methods for assessing ΔR. The ΔR values are indistinguishable, but confidence intervals are slightly larger with the PDF method. We therefore apply this more conservative method to calculate ΔR. The MRE values presented fill important gaps in understanding Scottish marine14C dynamics, providing confidence when calibrating material from critical periods in Scotland’s prehistory, particularly the Mesolithic, when the use of marine resources by coastal populations was high.


Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Alves ◽  
Helena Pereira ◽  
Denilson da Silva Perez ◽  
Guillaume Chantre ◽  
...  

Abstract Both spectral noise and reference method noise affect the accuracy and the precision NIR predicted values. The reference noise is often neglected, and the few reports dealing with it only consider random noise artificially added to the original sound reference data. A calibration for lignin content of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) wood meal was developed, but due to low precision and accuracy in the reference data set, NIR partial least-squares regression (PLSR) yielded a slope of 0.51 and an intercept at 14% Klason lignin. We demonstrate with an independent data set for external validation, obtained with higher precision and accuracy, that the NIR PLSR model based on the noisy reference data led to better results. The slope of the correlation between predicted and reference values was 0.89 and the intercept was 3.9. Thus, the model performed much better than expected from the cross-validation results. The predictability can be explained by the facts that the loadings of the first principal component (PC) of the calibration and test samples are very similar and dominated by lignin-related bands, and that most of the variation in the test set can be explained by the first PC. This only explains why the Klason lignin content could be predicted with the model without giving many spectral outliers, but not the good result of the external validation. We show that the latter can be explained by the inverse calibration used for PLSR and that predicted values can be more accurate and precise than the reference values used for calibration.


1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Meier

AbstractThe eggs of 21 species in 12 genera of Sepsidae were studied using scanning electron microscopy. All but the eggs of Ortalischema have respiratory filaments which aid in gas exchange. Judged by positional differences and the lack of a central canal, the two filaments of Orygma are not homologous to the single filament of most remaining sepsids. Hinton's hypothesis that egg filaments are plesiomorphic for the Sepsidae is therefore rejected. Three egg characters are added to an existing data set comprising 58 taxa and 85 larval and adult characters. The egg characters allow the unambiguous placement of Lasionemopoda, for which the larval and adult data set had suggested two different positions on equally parsimonious trees. Based on the position of Lasionemopoda, the evolution of the fore femora of the Sepsidae is briefly discussed. The egg morphology of the Sepsidae is also compared to the morphology of drosophiline eggs which also have egg filaments.


1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Erik Solberg ◽  
D. Stamm

This paper is the fourth in a series of Recommendations on the Theory of Reference Values. The others cover:Part 1. The Concept of Reference Values [1].Part 2. Selection of Individuals for the Production of Reference Values [2].Part 3. Preparation of Individuals and Collection of Specimens for the Production of Reference Values [3].Part 5. Statistical Treatment of Collected Reference Values. Determination of Reference Limits [4].Part 6. Presentation of Observed Values Related to Reference Values [5].A Guide to the Documents is currently in preparation.The Expert Panel of Theory of Reference Values (EPTRV) was created in 1970 by the Committee on Standards (at present: Scientific Division) of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC). Its task was to develop a nomenclature and recommend procedures for the production of reference values and their treatment, and presentation of observed values in relation to reference data.The first document in the above-mentioned series describes the subject of reference values and defines various terms. It would be best to read it for a thorough understanding of the present document.


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