scholarly journals IFCC recommendation: The theory of reference values. Part 4. Control of analytical variation in the production, transfer and application of reference values

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Erik Solberg ◽  
D. Stamm
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Reference Limits ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Analytical Variation ◽  
Selection Of

This paper is the fourth in a series of Recommendations on the Theory of Reference Values. The others cover:Part 1. The Concept of Reference Values [1].Part 2. Selection of Individuals for the Production of Reference Values [2].Part 3. Preparation of Individuals and Collection of Specimens for the Production of Reference Values [3].Part 5. Statistical Treatment of Collected Reference Values. Determination of Reference Limits [4].Part 6. Presentation of Observed Values Related to Reference Values [5].A Guide to the Documents is currently in preparation.The Expert Panel of Theory of Reference Values (EPTRV) was created in 1970 by the Committee on Standards (at present: Scientific Division) of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC). Its task was to develop a nomenclature and recommend procedures for the production of reference values and their treatment, and presentation of observed values in relation to reference data.The first document in the above-mentioned series describes the subject of reference values and defines various terms. It would be best to read it for a thorough understanding of the present document.

Recommendation for the review of biological reference intervals in medical laboratories

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Henny ◽  
Anne Vassault ◽  
Guilaine Boursier ◽  
Ines Vukasovic ◽  
Pika Mesko Brguljan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expert Panel ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Medical Laboratories ◽  
Reference Limits ◽  
Original Procedure ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis document is based on the original recommendation of the Expert Panel on the Theory of Reference Values of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC), updated guidelines were recently published under the auspices of the IFCC and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). This document summarizes proposals for recommendations on: (i) The terminology, which is often confusing, noticeably concerning the terms of reference limits and decision limits. (ii) The method for the determination of reference limits according to the original procedure and the conditions, which should be used. (iii) A simple procedure allowing the medical laboratories to fulfill the requirements of the regulation and standards. The updated document proposes to verify that published reference limits are applicable to the laboratory involved. Finally, the strengths and limits of the revised recommendations (especially the selection of the reference population, the maintenance of the analytical quality, the choice of the statistical method used…) will be briefly discussed.

Determination of integral indicators characterizing the possibility of accommodating the evacuated population in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
pp. 154851292097028
Author(s):  
Yernar Zh Akimbayev ◽  
Zhumabek Kh Akhmetov ◽  
Murat S Kuanyshbaev ◽  
Arman T Abdykalykov ◽  
Rashid V Ibrayev
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Inaccurate Information ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Integrated Indicators ◽  
Selection Of

Studying the historical facts of past wars and armed conflicts and natural and man-made emergencies, today in the Republic of Kazakhstan one of the most important security issues is the preparation and organization of the evacuation of the population from possible dangerous zones, taking into account the emergence of new threats to the country’s security. The paper presents an algorithm for constructing universal scales of the distribution function of opportunities by types of support and rebuilding them into subject scales using display functions. The purpose of the paper is to determine the integral indicators characterizing the possibility of accommodation of the evacuated population and the impact on resources during relocation. On the subject scales of cities and districts of the region, indicators of the possibility of relocation of a certain amount of the evacuated population by types of support and indicators characterizing the impact on the district’s resources during resettlement of a certain amount of the evacuated population are determined. It was concluded that the use of integrated indicators allows the selection of areas to accommodate the evacuated population without the use of statistical data, in conditions of incomplete and inaccurate information. The presented method does not replace traditional methods based on classical methods of territory assessment by the level of life sustenance, but also allows their reasonable combination with the experience of specialists in this field, taking into account the incompleteness, uncertainty, and inconsistency of the initial data of the study area, which does not allow the application of existing methods.

THE CONCEPT, TYPES, TASKS AND THE NEED FOR THE USE OF URGENT INVESTMENT TOOLS OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT AT ENTERPRISES

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Yurynets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crisis Management ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Selection Of

Currently, many Ukrainian enterprises are in crisis. Getting out of this situation requires the use of various types of urgent crisis management tools, among which investment instruments play an important role. The purpose of this article is to form the theoretical basis for the use of urgent investment tools of crisis management at enterprises. It was found that the urgent investment tools of crisis management in the enterprise should be understood as ways of immediate (urgent) investment actions which are aimed at eliminating or reducing the negative impact of the crisis on the economic condition of the enterprise and ensuring its further effective development. These instruments are grouped according to the following characteristics: the environment in which the relevant instruments are formed and operate, the relation to the current owners of the enterprise, the effectiveness of implementation, the duration of the effect of implementing instruments, the urgency of their implementation, the areas of investment, the objectives of application, the duration of application, the types of financial and economic crises at the enterprise, the elimination (reduction) of the negative influence of which the corresponding tools are directed at, the subject of investment. It is established that the main tasks of using investment urgent tools of anti-crisis management at the enterprises are: selection of the best types of investment urgent tools of anti-crisis management; selection of the best variant of each type of urgent investment tools of crisis management; setting deadlines for the implementation of selected types and options for urgent tools of crisis management at the enterprise; determination of the optimal amount of total investments that should be invested in the implementation of the crisis management program at the enterprise, and the corresponding to this volume of the general list of investment urgent tools of such management; identifying the best sources of investment and establishing the best structure of investment in terms of these sources.

Determination of sub-groups in reference interval calculations and an application

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülhan Orekici Temel ◽  
E. Arzu Kanık ◽  
Didem Derici Yildirim ◽  
H. Didem Ovla ◽  
Hakan Kalafat
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Aspartate Transaminase ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractObjective: The main objective of this study is to determine the methods used for dividing reference data into sub-groups and propose a new solution. Therefore, the newly proposed method is used to determine age sub-groups while calculating the reference interval of AST variable.Methods: The data of this study are composed of the registered patients who applied only once to the polyclinics at the Health Research and Application Hospital, Clinical Bio-Chemistry Laboratory of Mersin University. The main variables selected for the study are sex, age and aspartate transaminase (AST). MARS 2.0 package software was used for the statistical analysis. Harris&Boyd method was used for sex and age while the MARS method was used for the determination of age sub-groups.Results: According to the Harris&Boyd method, it was concluded that it is not necessary to create sub-groups for sex and age variables. Age sub-groups are determined with the MARS method by taking into account the correlations between AST variables and age. Age sub-groups are calculated as 5-9, 10-18 and 19+. Correlation between the age and AST variable is investigated for these sub-groups. It is obtained that the correlation is statistically not significant for the 5-9 age group (p=0.3189), significant for the 10-18 age group (p<0.001) and significant for 19 and above (p<0.001).Conclusion: The selection of transformation and outlier value elimination method and especially determination criteria for separation of sub-groups are made according to researcher’s subjective desicions in the application of many studies. Because of this reason, MARS can be used as an alternative and objective method for determining subgroups. In addition, results of MARS method being parallel with the findings of the producing company supported the usage of this method for determination of sub-groups.

scholarly journals Conceptual going near the modelign of process of educating and developing motive flairs for children and teenagers

2013 ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
О. М. Худолій ◽  
О. В. Іващенко
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Loading Methods ◽  
Preparatory Exercises ◽  
Primary Orientation ◽  
Selection Of

Research aim — to ground conception of construction of process of educating and developing motive flairs for children and teenagers on the basis of design of separate components of educational process. For the decision of the put tasks such methods of research : are in-process used design, approach of the systems, methods of theoretical analysis and generalization for the exposure of essence, leading tendencies of optimization of educational process and determination of theoretical pre-conditions and methodological approaches of his further improvement; pedagogical testing, methods of registration of sensomotor reactions, methods of registration of the state of the cardiovascular system, supervisions and pedagogical experiment for determination of model descriptions of children and teenagers, modes of the training loading; methods of mathematical analysis (logistic and asymptotic to the function) for determination of conformities to law of placing of facilities of primary orientation in the period of developing motive flairs, educating to physical exercises and under­cooking to the competitions; mathematical methods of planning of multivariable experiments for the study of conformities to law of developing motive flairs, process of educating and preparation to the competitions. The got experimental material was subject to statistical treatment with the use of application of the statistical processing of data (MS Excel, Statistika 6.0) packages.Research results. It is set that on the basis of models of motive preparedness of children and teenagers the selection of basic, tricking into and preparatory exercises, and also stage control, comes  true after the level of motive preparedness. On the basis of models of the training loading determined: size and orientation of loading; correlation of facilities of physical and  technical preparation; terms of the use of loading of different orientation; terms for development of force and increase of capacity; terms of operative and current control. On the basis of models of process educating is determined: terms for educating by ability to manage motions, educating to physical exercises; order of decision of tasks of educating and selection of educational tasks; fundamental discipling to programming of educational process of children and teenagers; terms of operative and current control.Keywords: design, educating, motive capabilities, children, teenagers.

Feasibility of Multiple Simultaneous Enzyme Assays, for Diagnostic Purposes, with the GeMSAEC Fast Analyzer

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O Tiffany ◽  
George F Johnson ◽  
Max E Chilcote
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Clinical Chemistry Laboratory ◽  
Analytical Variation ◽  
Instrumental Precision

Abstract The GeMSAEC fast analyzer provides the clinical chemistry laboratory with an analytical instrument that can be used to perform large numbers of kinetic enzyme analyses. Precise enzyme-rate analyses can be done routinely, on a large scale, and at a decreased cost per test. Improved precision in analyses of enzymes should provide more reliable data because analytical variation is lessened. We have asked how the fast analyzer might provide more useful diagnostic information to the clinician. We have selected the ratio of SGOT to SGPT activity in serum as an example, and examined instrumental precision. The coefficients of variation of the ratio, determined in the range of 50 and 140 Karmen units (which represents slightly elevated to clearly elevated values), are 4.8% and 2.2%, respectively. We examined the feasibility of measuring two or more enzyme activities simultaneously in one sample, to produce a diagnostic enzyme profile. Determination of SGOT, SGPT, and GLDH in parallel is presented as an example. In addition, we illustrate spectrophotometric linearity at 340 nm and discuss instrumental noise and an experimental approach to determining it by use of a premix experiment.

scholarly journals Liability Determination of School Sports Injury Accidents: An Analysis Framework Based on Evolutionary Game

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Lan ◽  
Xiaojun Li
Keyword(s):  
Strict Liability ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Sports Injury ◽  
Liability Rules ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Accident Compensation ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Selection Of

In recent years, the outbreak of many school sports injury accidents aroused widespread public concern about liability determination of accident. Previous studies have examined the legal application of the liability principles from a law perspective, but few kinds of research attempted to analyze the progress of liability determination from the perspective of “law economics”. To fill this research gap, we introduce the evolutionary game model, as an important theoretical tool of “law economics”, to investigate how various factors influence the strategy selection of the parties, as well as examine what liability principle can effectively treat school sports injury accidents. The results indicate that the strategic selection of the subject of liability is significantly related to the accident compensation cost and the prevention cost of both parties. Moreover, we also find that both strict and proportional liability rules can play key roles in dealing with the issue of liability determination of school sports injury accidents, but the two liability rules have different effects on the strategic selection of parties. More specifically, compared to the strict liability principle, the proportional liability principle can motivate both the school and the students to adopt the active strategy of “appropriate caution” to prevent occurring sports injury accidents in schools.

The Application of Petroleum Geochemical Methods to Production Allocation of Commingled Fluids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Patience ◽  
Mark Bastow ◽  
Martin Fowler ◽  
Julian Moore ◽  
Craig Barrie
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Production Allocation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Operational Activity ◽  
End Members ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Production allocation from petroleum geochemistry is defined here as the quantitative determination of the amount or portion of a commingled fluid to be assigned to two or more individual fluid sources (e.g., a pipeline, field, reservoir, well) at a particular moment in time, based on the fluid chemistry. It requires: i) knowledge of the original chemical compositions of each of the fluids prior to mixing (referred to here as the "end members"), and ii) that statistically valid differences in their chemistries can be identified. Petroleum geochemical-based methods for production monitoring and allocation are much lower cost than using production logging tools, as there is no additional rig time or extra personnel required at the well site. Additionally, no intervention to the production of hydrocarbons from a well is required and, hence, there is none of the risk entailed in additional operational activity. Geochemical methods are applicable to a wide range of fields, irrespective of pressure, temperature, reservoir quality and reservoir fluid type. The method has been in existence for over 30 years, during which time a number of different analytical methods, data pre-processing and treatment approaches have been applied. This paper summarises these approaches, and provides examples, but also describes a "best practice" which is not a "one size fits all" approach, as is sometimes seen in the literature. A successful production allocation study consists of the following steps: i) Selection of end member samples that contribute to the commingled production fluid; ii) Determination of the differences in chemical composition of the end members through laboratory analysis of the end members (e.g. by WO-GC), replicate analyses of samples and statistical treatment of the data (e.g. PCA); iii) If statistically significant differences exist, laboratory analysis of the end members and commingled fluids with appropriate replicate analyses of samples; iv) Data selection, pre-processing (e.g. selection of ratios or concentrations of components); v) Determination of end member contributions by solving equations (e.g. least squares best fit) and uncertainty estimation (e.g. Monte Carlo or Bootstrap methods). The differences in approach for conventional versus unconventional plays are also discussed.

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