Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing influenza-like illness among community-dwelling elderly: Population-based cohort study in Japan

Vaccine ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (27-28) ◽  
pp. 5546-5551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Hara ◽  
Tatsuhiko Sakamoto ◽  
Keitaro Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Influenza Like Illness

scholarly journals Influence of prior comorbidities and chronic medications use on the risk of COVID-19 in adults: a population-based cohort study in Tarragona, Spain

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e041577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Vila-Córcoles ◽  
Olga Ochoa-Gondar ◽  
Eva M. Satué-Gracia ◽  
Cristina Torrente-Fraga ◽  
Frederic Gomez-Bertomeu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Epidemic Period ◽  
Chronic Medications

ObjectiveTo investigate possible relationships between pre-existing medical conditions (including common comorbidities and chronic medications) and risk for suffering COVID-19 disease in middle-aged and older adults.DesignPopulation-based retrospective cohort study.SettingTwelve primary care centres (PCCs) in Tarragona (Spain).Participants79 083 people (77 676 community-dwelling and 1407 nursing-home residents), who were all individuals aged >50 years affiliated to the 12 participating PCCs.OutcomesBaseline cohort characteristics (age, sex, vaccinations, comorbidities and chronic medications) were established at study start (1st. March 2020) and primary outcome was time to COVID-19 confirmed by PCR among cohort members throughout the epidemic period (from 1st. March 2020 to 23rd. May 2020). Risk for suffering COVID-19 was evaluated by Cox regression, estimating multivariable HRs adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities and medications use.ResultsDuring the study period, 2324 cohort members were PCR-tested, with 1944 negative and 380 positive results, which means an incidence of 480.5 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases per 100 000 persons-period. Assessing the total study cohort, only age (HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.03; p=0.002), nursing-home residence (HR 21.83; 95% CI 16.66 to 28.61; p<0.001) and receiving diuretics (HR 1.35; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.76; p=0.026) appeared independently associated with increased risk. Smoking (HR 0.62; 95% CI 0.41 to 0.93; p=0.022), ACE inhibitors (HR 0.68; 95% CI 0.47 to 0.99; p=0.046) and antihistamine (HR 0.47; 95% CI 0.22 to 1.01; p=0.052) were associated with a lower risk. Among community-dwelling individuals, cancer (HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.03 to 2.24; p=0.035), chronic respiratory disease (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.08 to 3.07; p=0.025) and cardiac disease (HR 1.53; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.19; p=0.021) emerged to be also associated with an increased risk. Receiving ACE inhibitors (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.99; p=0.046) and influenza vaccination (HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.91; p=0.012) was associated with decreased risk.ConclusionAge, nursing-home residence and multiple comorbidities appear predisposing for COVID-19. Conversely, receiving ACE inhibitors, antihistamine and influenza vaccination could be protective, which should be closely investigated in further studies specifically focused on these concerns.

scholarly journals Seasonal Trivalent Influenza Vaccination During Pregnancy and the Incidence of Stillbirth: Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1221-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette K. Regan ◽  
Hannah C. Moore ◽  
Nicholas de Klerk ◽  
Saad B. Omer ◽  
Geoffrey Shellam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Population Based

scholarly journals BODY MASS INDEX TRAJECTORY BEFORE DEATH IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS. POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Venkatesh Pai ◽  
Martin C Gulliford
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background and objective: Both low and high body mass index (BMI) have been associated with greater mortality in older adults. This study evaluated the trajectory of BMI in the final years of life. Design: Population-based cohort study. Setting: Community-dwelling adults in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing between 1998 and 2012. Measurements: Body mass index, years before death and all-cause mortality. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, educational level, housing tenure and social class. Results: Data were analysed for 16,924 participants with 31,857 BMI records; mean age at study start, 61.6 (SD 10.9) years; mean BMI, 27.5 (4.7) Kg/m2. There were 3,686 participants (4,794 BMI records) who died and 13,238 participants (27,063 BMI records) who were alive at last follow-up. Mean BMI increased with age to 60-69 years but then declined, but the age-related decline was more rapid in decedents. At ages 80-89 years, mean BMI in decedents was 26.1 (4.7) compared with 27.1 (4.4) Kg/m2 in survivors. After adjusting for age and covariates, mean BMI declined in the five years before death. From 9 to 5 years before death or end of study, adjusted mean BMI was 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.24 to 0.78) Kg/m2 lower for decedents than survivors; and from four to zero years before death, 1.55 (1.26 to 1.84) Kg/m2 lower in decedents. Conclusions: In community-dwelling older adults, mean body mass index enters an accelerating decline during five years before death. Reverse causation may account for the association of lower BMI with mortality.

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