Adverse events following yellow fever preventive vaccination campaigns in eight African countries from 2007 to 2010

Vaccine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
pp. 1819-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Breugelmans ◽  
R.F. Lewis ◽  
E. Agbenu ◽  
O. Veit ◽  
D. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19-related disruptions to measles, meningococcal A, and yellow fever vaccination in 10 countries

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy A M Gaythorpe ◽  
Kaja Abbas ◽  
John Huber ◽  
Andromachi Karachaliou ◽  
Niket Thakkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Yellow Fever Vaccination ◽  
Gates Foundation ◽  
Measles Outbreaks ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
The Impact

Background: Childhood immunisation services have been disrupted by COVID-19. WHO recommends considering outbreak risk using epidemiological criteria when deciding whether to conduct preventive vaccination campaigns during the pandemic. Methods: We used 2-3 models per infection to estimate the health impact of 50% reduced routine vaccination coverage and delaying campaign vaccination for measles, meningococcal A and yellow fever vaccination in 3-6 high burden countries per infection. Results: Reduced routine coverage in 2020 without catch-up vaccination may increase measles and yellow fever disease burden in the modelled countries. Delaying planned campaigns may lead to measles outbreaks and increases in yellow fever burden in some countries. For meningococcal A vaccination, short term disruptions in 2020 are unlikely to have a significant impact. Conclusion: The impact of COVID-19-related disruption to vaccination programs varies between infections and countries. Funding: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance.

Incidence, drivers and global health implications of the 2019/2020 yellow fever sporadic outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Uchenna Emeribe ◽  
Idris Nasir Abdullahi ◽  
Odunayo O. R. Ajagbe ◽  
Charles Egede Ugwu ◽  
Solomon Oloche Onoja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Diversity Competence ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

ABSTRACT The 2019 and 2020 sporadic outbreaks of yellow fever (YF) in Sub-Saharan African countries had raised a lot of global health concerns. This article aims to narratively review the vector biology, YF vaccination program, environmental factors and climatic changes, and to understand how they could facilitate the reemergence of YF. This study comprehensively reviewed articles that focused on the interplay and complexity of YF virus (YFV) vector diversity/competence, YF vaccine immunodynamics and climatic change impacts on YFV transmission as they influence the 2019/2020 sporadic outbreaks in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Based on available reports, vectorial migration, climatic changes and YF immunization level could be reasons for the re-mergence of YF at the community and national levels. Essentially, the drivers of YFV infection due to spillover are moderately constant. However, changes in land use and landscape have been shown to influence sylvan-to-urban spillover. Furthermore, increased precipitation and warmer temperatures due to climate change are likely to broaden the range of mosquitoes' habitat. The 2019/2020 YF outbreaks in SSA is basically a result of inadequate vaccination campaigns, YF surveillance and vector control. Consequently, and most importantly, adequate immunization coverage must be implemented and properly achieved under the responsibility of the public health stakeholders.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19-related disruptions to measles, meningococcal A, and yellow fever vaccination in 10 countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy Gaythorpe ◽  
Kaja Abbas ◽  
John Huber ◽  
Andromachi Karachaliou ◽  
Niket Thakkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Yellow Fever Vaccination ◽  
Gates Foundation ◽  
Measles Outbreaks ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundChildhood immunisation services have been disrupted by COVID-19. WHO recommends considering outbreak risk using epidemiological criteria when deciding whether to conduct preventive vaccination campaigns during the pandemic.MethodsWe used 2-3 models per infection to estimate the health impact of 50% reduced routine vaccination coverage and delaying campaign vaccination for measles, meningococcal A and yellow fever vaccination in 3-6 high burden countries per infection.ResultsReduced routine coverage in 2020 without catch-up vaccination may increase measles and yellow fever disease burden in the modelled countries. Delaying planned campaigns may lead to measles outbreaks and increases in yellow fever burden in some countries. For meningococcal A vaccination, short term disruptions in 2020 are unlikely to have a significant impact.ConclusionThe impact of COVID-19-related disruption to vaccination programs varies between infections and countries.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Gavi, the Vaccine AllianceImpact statementRoutine and campaign vaccination disruption in 2020 may lead to measles outbreaks and yellow fever burden increases in some countries, but is unlikely to greatly increase meningococcal A burden.

scholarly journals Adverse events of the yellow fever vaccine in chronic urticaria: evaluation of patients treated or not with omalizumab compared to healthy individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ramos de Almeida ◽  
Roberta Fachini Criado ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Criado ◽  
Luis Felipe Ensina ◽  
Beatrice Martinez Zugaib Abdalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Chronic Urticaria ◽  
Yellow Fever Vaccine ◽  
Healthy Individuals

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of a combined treatment of sodium stibogluconate at 20mg/kg/day with upper maximum daily dose limit of 850mg and Paromomycin 15mg/kg/day in HIV negative visceral leishmaniasis patients. A retrospective study, northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. e0009713
Author(s):  
Aschalew Tamiru ◽  
Rezika Mohammed ◽  
Saba Atnafu ◽  
Girmay Medhin ◽  
Asrat Hailu
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Sodium Stibogluconate ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Treatment Interruptions ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is one of the most neglected tropical infectious diseases. It is fatal if left untreated. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of 17-day injections of combined regimen of sodium stibogluconate and paromomycin (SSG/PM) in HIV-negative VL patients. Methods A retrospective analysis of medical records of VL patients treated in the University of Gondar Hospital during period 2012–2019 was carried out. Results A total of 2836 patients were treated for VL from 2012 to 2019. Of these 1233 were treated with SSG-PM, and 1000 of them were included in the study. Initial cure was achieved in 922 (92.2%) patients. The frequency of treatment failure, treatment interruptions, default and deaths respectively were 30 (3%), 20 (2%), 13 (1.3%) and 15 (1.5%). Among 280 patients who completed 6-month follow up, the final cure was 93.9% (263/280), 4 (1.4%) relapsed and 13 (4.6%) developed post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). The most common adverse events (AEs) were raised liver transaminases (35.1%; 351 patients), injection site pain (29.1%, 291 patients) and raised serum alpha-amylase (29.1%, 291 patients). Factors associated with poor treatment outcomes were sepsis, pneumonia, and adverse events. Conclusion A combination of SSG at 20mg/kg with upper daily maximum dose of 850mg and PM was effective for achieving initial cure at end of treatment and safe for treatment of HIV negative VL patients in northwestern Ethiopia. Our data are consistent with previous reports and confirms effectiveness of SSG/PM treatment regimen in the Eastern African countries. Efficacy at 6-months (93.9%) was estimated on data derived from patients who completed follow up and needs to be interrogated by future studies.

International laboratory network for yellow fever vaccine-associated adverse events

Vaccine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (43) ◽  
pp. 5441-5442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D.T. Barrett ◽  
Matthias Niedrig ◽  
Dirk E. Teuwen
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Yellow Fever Vaccine ◽  
Laboratory Network ◽  
International Laboratory

scholarly journals Technical viability of the YF MAC-HD ELISA kit for use in yellow fever-endemic regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009417
Author(s):  
Christin H. Goodman ◽  
Maurice Demanou ◽  
Mick Mulders ◽  
Jairo Mendez-Rico ◽  
Alison Jane Basile
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Wash Buffer ◽  
Antibody Capture ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Arboviral Disease

Yellow fever (YF), an arboviral disease, affects an estimated 200,000 people and causes 30,000 deaths per year and recently has caused major epidemics in Africa and South America. Timely and accurate diagnosis of YF is critical for managing outbreaks and implementing vaccination campaigns. A YF immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody-capture (MAC) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, the YF MAC-HD, was successfully introduced starting in 2018 to laboratories in Africa and South America. The YF MAC-HD kit can be performed in 3.5 hours, test up to 24 samples, and includes all reagents necessary to perform the test, except for water used to dilute wash buffer. In 2018 and 2019, a total of 56 laboratory personnel from 39 countries in Africa and South America were trained to use the kit during workshops, followed by take-home YF IgM proficiency testing (PT) exercises. Participants received either a 10- or 20-sample YF PT panel and performed testing using the YF MAC-HD kit. All countries obtained 90% or higher correct results. These results verified the technical viability and transferability of YF MAC-HD kit use for laboratories in YF-endemic countries.

scholarly journals Vírus Zika: Revisão para Clínicos

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Laerte Pinto Junior ◽  
Kleber Luz ◽  
Ricardo Parreira ◽  
Paulo Ferrinho
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Yellow Fever Virus ◽  
Abrupt Onset ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Virus Zika

Zika virus is a flavivirus related to Dengue virus, yellow fever virus and West Nile virus. It is considered an emerging arbovirus transmitted by mosquitos of the genus Aedes. Its first description took place in 1947 in the Zika Forest in Uganda, isolated on Rhesus monkey used as bait to study the yellow fever virus. Sporadic cases have been detected in African countries and at the end of the 70’s in Indonesia. In 2007, epidemics were described in Micronesia and other islands in the Pacific Ocean and more recently in Brazil. Clinical picture is characterized as a ‘dengue-like’ syndrome, with abrupt onset of fever and an early onset evanescent rash, often pruritic. Occasionally the disease has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome. Nevertheless, until now deaths and complications caused by the disease were not reported. The diagnosis can be performed by PCR or by IgG and IgM antibodies detection. The rapid spread of the virus and its epidemic potential are especially problematic in countries where there are the circulation of other arboviruses which<br />imposes difficulties in the differential diagnosis and healthcare burden. Control measures are the same recommended for dengue and chikungunya which are based in health education and vector control.

Yellow fever vaccine in Brazil: fighting a tropical scourge, modernising the nation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Benchimol
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Yellow Fever Vaccine ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Mobilisation ◽  
Culture Of Prevention ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Founding Myth

This chapter shows how successive yellow fever vaccines, conceived as complex sociotechnical constructs, have been involved in the construction of the Brazilian nation state. Three distinct periods in the country’s political history are distinguished: the patriarchal oligarchic state (1822-1930), the national developmentalist state (1930-80), and the state which has since then oscillated between liberal dependency and national interventionism. The successful campaigns against yellow fever run by Oswaldo Cruz formed the backbone for the founding myth of scientific public health and medicine in Brazil. The trajectory of the yellow fever vaccine manufactured at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, which eventually became the biggest producer worldwide, coincides with economic, welfare, and labour policies that principally benefited urban groups. Rural populations would be the main recipients of the yellow fever vaccine, and it became an important component when national agencies tackled endemic diseases in the interior. Immunisation programmes have helped strengthen the country’s health system, disseminating a culture of prevention. The social mobilisation achieved by the yellow fever and other vaccination campaigns led to new relationships between communities and health services.

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