Food-borne zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial resistance of indicator bacteria in urban wild boars in Barcelona, Spain

Antimicrobial resistance is a daunting public health threat affecting both human and animal health and it is a cause for concern wherever antimicrobial agents are in use. The usage of antimicrobial drugs in food producing animals could result in a significant food safety issue - antimicrobial resistance among zoonotic bacteria in these animals. The resistant bacteria may then be transmitted to humans through the food supply and increase risk of treatment failures. Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. are two examples of food borne pathogens in which increasing resistance gives rise to concern. No monitoring program has been applied in Serbia. Therefore, the Veterinary Directorate of the Ministry of Agriculture financed three projects of the Scientific Veterinary Institute 'Novi Sad' to screen the spread of resistant food borne pathogens. The examinations have shown a similar situation as in the EU. Resistance to one or more antimicrobial drugs was found in 25-40.58% Salmonella spp. and 40-75.32% Campylobacter spp. isolates from poultry and pig carcasses. Zoonotic pathogens in food have to be controlled through a complete, continuous farm-to-fork system. Application of prophylactic and sanitary measures in farm breeding, slaughtering, food distribution and preparation of food in the kitchen may considerably reduce risk from the incidence of resistant zoonotic pathogens.

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Genetics of Acquired Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal and Zoonotic Pathogens

10.3389/978-2-88945-394-8 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Zoonotic Pathogens

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Inhibition of Bacterial Biofilm Formation by Phytotherapeutics with Focus on Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200212121710 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (24) ◽

pp. 2807-2816 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yun Su Jang ◽

Tímea Mosolygó

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Food Borne ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Scientific Attention

: Bacteria within biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics and chemical agents than planktonic bacteria in suspension. Treatment of biofilm-associated infections inevitably involves high dosages and prolonged courses of antimicrobial agents; therefore, there is a potential risk of the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Due to the high prevalence of AMR and its association with biofilm formation, investigation of more effective anti-biofilm agents is required. : From ancient times, herbs and spices have been used to preserve foods, and their antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing properties are well known. Moreover, phytochemicals exert their anti-biofilm properties at sub-inhibitory concentrations without providing the opportunity for the emergence of resistant bacteria or harming the host microbiota. : With increasing scientific attention to natural phytotherapeutic agents, numerous experimental investigations have been conducted in recent years. The present paper aims to review the articles published in the last decade in order to summarize a) our current understanding of AMR in correlation with biofilm formation and b) the evidence of phytotherapeutic agents against bacterial biofilms and their mechanisms of action. The main focus has been put on herbal anti-biofilm compounds tested to date in association with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and food-borne pathogens (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli).

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Antimicrobial Resistance and Presence of Class 1 Integrons Among Different Serotypes of Salmonella spp. Recovered From Children with Diarrhea in Tehran, Iran

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526519666190130171020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 160-166

Author(s):

Seyedeh Hanieh Eshaghi Zadeh ◽

Hossein Fahimi ◽

Fatemeh Fardsanei ◽

Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

Class 1 Integrons ◽

Food Borne ◽

Class 1 ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

C 30

Background: Salmonellosis is a major food-borne disease worldwide. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among food-borne pathogens such as Salmonella spp. is concerning. Objective: The main objective of this study is to identify class 1 integron genes and to determine antibiotic resistance patterns among Salmonella isolates from children with diarrhea. Methods: A total of 30 Salmonella isolates were recovered from children with diarrhea. The isolates were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility and screened for the presence of class 1 integron genes (i.e. intI1, sulI1, and qacEΔ1). Results: The most prevalent serotype was Enteritidis 36.7%, followed by Paratyphi C (30%), and Typhimurium (16.7%). The highest rates of antibiotic resistance were obtained for nalidixic acid (53.3%), followed by streptomycin (40%), and tetracycline (36.7%). Regarding class 1 integrons, 36.7%, 26.7%, and 33.3% of the isolates carried intI1, SulI, and qacEΔ1, respectively, most of which (81.8%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Statistical analysis revealed that the presence of class 1 integron was significantly associated with resistance to streptomycin and tetracycline (p = 0.042). However, there was no association between class 1 integron and other antibiotics used in this study (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The high frequency of integron class 1 gene in MDR Salmonella strains indicates that these mobile genetic elements are versatile among different Salmonella serotypes, and associated with reduced susceptibility to many antimicrobials.

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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistances of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Wild Boars in Liguria Region, Italy

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10050568 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 568

Author(s):

Elisabetta Razzuoli ◽

Valeria Listorti ◽

Isabella Martini ◽

Laura Migone ◽

Lucia Decastelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Wild Boar ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

Wild Boar Population ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Wild Boars ◽

In The Wild

Salmonella spp. is an important zoonotic agent. Wild boars might host this pathogen in the intestinal tract and might represent a risk for Salmonella spp. transmission to humans. Wild boars are widely spread in Liguria, due to the environmental characteristics of the region. The aim of the study was the isolation, typing, and investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains of Salmonella spp. During the 2013–2017 hunting seasons, 4335 livers of wild boars were collected and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. A total of 260 strains of Salmonella spp. were isolated and characterized, with a prevalence of 6%. The isolated strains belonged to all six Salmonella enterica subspecies. Most of them were identified as Salmonella enterica subs. enterica of which 31 different serotypes were identified. The dominating serotype identified was S. Enteritidis. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolated strains were analyzed against sixteen molecules. Of the isolated strains, 94.6% were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. This study showed the circulation of resistant Salmonella spp. strains in the wild boar population living in this area of Italy, underling the potential risk for these animals to disseminate this pathogen and its antimicrobial resistances.

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Animal and Human Multidrug-Resistant, Cephalosporin-ResistantSalmonella Isolates Expressing a Plasmid-Mediated CMY-2 AmpC β-Lactamase

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.44.10.2777-2783.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 44 (10) ◽

pp. 2777-2783 ◽

Cited By ~ 174

Author(s):

P. L. Winokur ◽

A. Brueggemann ◽

D. L. DeSalvo ◽

L. Hoffmann ◽

M. D. Apley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Plasmid Dna ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Geographic Region ◽

Chromosomal Dna ◽

Important Food ◽

Food Borne ◽

Clonal Spread ◽

Resistance Rates

ABSTRACT Salmonella spp. are important food-borne pathogens that are demonstrating increasing antimicrobial resistance rates in isolates obtained from food animals and humans. In this study, 10 multidrug-resistant, cephalosporin-resistant Salmonellaisolates from bovine, porcine, and human sources from a single geographic region were identified. All isolates demonstrated resistance to cephamycins and extended-spectrum cephalosporins as well as tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfisoxazole. Molecular epidemiological analyses revealed eight distinct chromosomal DNA patterns, suggesting that clonal spread could not entirely explain the distribution of this antimicrobial resistance phenotype. However, all isolates encoded an AmpC-like β-lactamase, CMY-2. Eight isolates contained a large nonconjugative plasmid that could transformEscherichia coli. Transformants coexpressed cephalosporin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfisoxazole resistances. Plasmid DNA revealed highly related restriction fragments though plasmids appeared to have undergone some evolution over time. Multidrug-resistant, cephalosporin-resistant Salmonellaspp. present significant therapeutic problems in animal and human health care and raise further questions about the association between antimicrobial resistance, antibiotic use in animals, and transfer of multidrug-resistant Salmonella spp. between animals and man.

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